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INDONESIA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri merupakan publikasi ilmiah primer yang memuat hasil penelitian primer komoditas perkebunan yang belum dimuat pada media apapun, diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, DIPA 2011 terbit empat kali setahun.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 552 Documents
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KARAKTERISASI BAKTERI ENDOFIT TANAMAN PURWOCENG SEBAGAI PENGHASIL SENYAWA STEROID DAN ANTIPATOGEN / Endophytic Bacteria From Purwoceng as Steroid and Antipatogenic Compounds Producers Dwi N. Susilowati; Hendra Ginanjar; Erny Yuniarti; Mamik Setyowati; Ika Roostika
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 1 (2018): Juni, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n1.2018.1-10

Abstract

Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) is a commercial medicinal plant from Indonesia that is useful as an aphrodisiac, diuretic, and tonic. Purwoceng are known to produce some secondary metabolite compounds of phytosterol (stigmasterol, sitosterol, bergapten, ergosterol, amirin, and vitamin E). The quantity of phytosterol compounds isolated from this plant is very small, but have many benefits. Bioactive compounds that are nutritious in a plant was also produced by endophytic microbes. It gives the opportunity to produce sterol compounds using endophytic microbial culture found in purwoceng. The objectives of this study were to screen and characterize endophytic bacteria from purwoceng that are antagonistic to a number of pathogenic microbes (Enteropatogenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas pseudomallei, and Candida albicans), and produce sterol compounds. The paper disc diffusion method is used for antipatogenic tests and Thin Layer Chromatography analysis for analysis of sterol compounds. Sterol compounds obtained from endophytic bacterial isolates Endo PWC I.GP-1. Some isolates were able to prevent the growth of pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Endo PWC I.D2, Aktino PWC GP-4, Endo PWC GP-2, Endo PWC D-1, and Endo PWC I.GP-1. Endo PWC I.GP-1 endophytic isolate which capable of producing sterol compounds and such antibacterial metabolites is identified as Corynebacterium sp.Keywords: Purwoceng, endophytic bacteria, sterols, antipatogenic Abstrak Tanaman purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) merupakan tanaman obat komersial asal Indonesia yang bermanfaat sebagai afrodisiak, diuretika, dan tonik. Tanaman purwoceng diketahui dapat memproduksi beberapa senyawa metabolit sekunder fitosterol (stigmasterol, sitosterol, bergapten, ergosterol, amirin, dan vitamin E). Konsentrasi senyawa fitosterol dalam tanaman ini sangat kecil, namun memiliki banyak manfaat. Senyawa bioaktif yang berkhasiat pada suatu tanaman ternyata juga ada yang dihasilkan oleh mikroba endofit. Hal ini dapat membuka peluang untuk memproduksi senyawa sterol menggunakan kultur mikroba endofit yang terdapat pada tanaman purwoceng. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menapis dan mengkarakterisasi bakteri endofit dari tanaman purwoceng yang bersifat antagonis terhadap sejumlah mikroba patogen (Enteropatogenik Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas pseudomallei, dan Candida albicans), dan menghasilkan senyawa sterol. Metode difusi kertas cakram digunakan untuk uji antipatogen dan analisis Kromatografi Lapis Tipis untuk analisis senyawa sterol. Senyawa sterol diperoleh dari tanaman purwoceng pada isolat Endo PWC I.GP-1. Beberapa isolat mampu mencegah pertumbuhan patogen ((Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, dan Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)), yaitu Endo PWC I.D2, Aktino PWC GP-4, Endo PWC GP-2, Endo PWC D-1, dan Endo PWC I.GP-1. Isolat Endo PWC I.GP-1 yang mampu menghasilkan senyawa sterol dan metabolit antibakteri diidentifikasi sebagai Corynebacterium sp.Kata kunci: Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.), bakteri endofit, sterol, antipatogen
PENGARUH CEKAMAN AIR TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN MUTU SIMPLISIA TEMPUYUNG (Sonchus arvensis L.) MONO RAHARDJO; IRENG DARWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 6, No 3 (2000): Desember, 2000
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v6n3.2000.73-79

Abstract

Effect of water stress on the production and quality of Sonchus arvensis L.Study on water stress in Sonchus arvensis L was conducted to improve the quality and production of leaves. Pot experiment was conducted at geen house Bogor Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops from July to November 1996, with 7 kg latosol dry soil of Cimanggu Bogor per pot. Randomized block design with four replications were used. Eight treatments of water stess and casting were applied i.e. (I) 100% field capacity (FC) no casting, (2) 100% FC + casting, (3) 80% FC + casting with water stress started at 30 days alter planting (dap), (4) 60% FC + casting with water stess started at 30 dap, (5) 40% FC + casting with water stress started at 30 dap, (6) 80% FC + casting with water stress started at 50 DAP, (7) 60% FC + casting with water stress started at 50 dap, (8) 40% FC + casting with water stress started at 50 dap. Results showed that chlorophyl content leaf aea, fresh and dry weight of leaves deceased at a water stress of 60% FC strated al 30 dap the higher the water stress the lower the measurement of those parameters, but the higher the content of K and Na. The highest yield of fesh and dry leaves, respectively 53.22 and 4.58 g/plant was produced by the plants treated in 100% PC + casting. The plant treated in 40% FC started at 30 dap resulted in the highest quality of simplisia indicated by the highest content of K (8.2%) and Na (0.227%). With the treatment, K and Na conlent increased by 13.6 and 95.7% espectively and the dry weight of simplisia decreased by 62.9%.
PENGELOMPOKKAN SEPULUH VARIETAS TEMBAKAU (Nicotiana tabacum) BERDASARKAN KERAGAMAN RUNUTAN BASA PARSIAL GEN PMT(PUTRESCINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE) Clustering of ten tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) varieties based on the partial PMT (putrescine N-methyltranfera Sesanti Basuki; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n1.2017.36-44

Abstract

PMT gene is the gene encoded putrescine N-methiltransferase which is related to nicotine biosinthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana  tabacum). Ten tobacco varieties with different nicotine level were used inthis study. The aims of this study were: (1) to analyze thepartial PMT gene sequence diversity among ten tobacco varieties, and (2) to evaluate the closed-relationship amongten tobacco varieties based on their partialPMT gene sequences diversity.Sequence diversity was analyzed by multiple sequence alignment between the partialPMT gene sequence of the ten tobacco varietiesand Ntpmt_Sindoro1 sequence deposited in the NCBI gene-bank database.The phylogenetic relationship amongthe sequences was inferred by genetic distancebetween pairs of sequences using the pairwise and multiple sequence alignment analysis. Analysis of the sequences showed that all varieties analyzed had varied in size and number of the PMT gene fragments yielded. The analysis also revealed that thepartialPMT gene sequencesarecoming from the same ancestor which related to nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco. Phylogenetic analysis separated the partialPMT gene sequences into two different branches significantly (bootstrap value = 100), and clustered together based on tobacco types with different nicotine level in whichcould be due to some baseschanged on the specific sites of thePMT gene sequences.  This information could be used to study the relationship between some bases changed on the specific sites of thePMT gene sequences and the nicotine content variation yielded by the ten tobacco varieties that is happened during evolution time.Key words: Clustering analysis, PMT gene, nicotine, Nicotiana tabacum AbstrakGen PMT adalah gen penyandi enzim putresina N-metiltransferase (PMT) yang berperan dalam lintasan biosintesis nikotin pada tanaman tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum). Sepuluh varietas tembakau yang memiliki perbedaan tingkat kadar nikotin diuji untuk mempelajari: (1) keragaman runutan basa parsial gen PMT dari masing-masing varietas, dan (2) kekerabatan antara sepuluh varietas tembakau yang diuji berdasarkan keragaman runutan basa parsial gen PMT. Keragaman runutan basa dianalisis dengan mensejajarkan data runutan basa dari sepuluh varietas tembakau yang diuji dengan runutan basa dari Ntpmt_Sindoro1 (JQ438825) yang telah tersimpan dalam database genbank NCBI. Hasil pensejajaran digunakan untuk menghitung matriks jarak, yang selanjutnya digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan kekerabatan diantara sepuluh varietas tembakau. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan adanya variasi ukuran dan jumlah runutan basaparsial gen PMT asal sepuluh varietas tembakau yang dianalisis. Hasil analisis juga memperlihatkan bahwa runutan basa parsial gen PMT tersebut berasal/diturunkan dari sumber (ancestor) yang sama dan  terkait dengan biosintesis nikotin pada tembakau. Runutan basaparsial gen PMT dari sepuluh varietas yang dianalisis memisahkan antara kelompok tembakau introduksi (kadar nikotin rendah-sedang) dengan kelompok tembakau lokal (kadar nikotin sedang-tinggi). Dua kelompok memisah berdasarkan level kadar nikotin, danperbedaan/perubahan susunan basa pada situs-situs tertentu dari runutan basaparsial gen PMT  yang dianalisis. Informasi tentang mutasi yang terjadi pada situs-situs runutan basa dari parsial gen PMT dapat digunakan untuk mempelajari keterkaitan antara perubahan basa pada fragmen gen PMT dengan kandungan nikotin total tembakau yang terjadi selama proses evolusi.Kata kunci: Analisis pengelompokkan, gen PMT,Nikotin, Nicotiana tabacum 
NGENGAT PARASITOID (Lepidoptera : Epipyropidae) PADA WERENG PUCUK METE DI PERTANAMAN JAMBU METE DI PULAU LOMBOK BAMBANG SUPENO; DAMAYANTI BUCHORI; PUDJIANTO PUDJIANTO; UTOMO KARTOSUWONDO; CHRISTIAN H. SCHULZE
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 1 (2009): Maret 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n1.2009.16-23

Abstract

ABSTRAKWereng pucuk mete, Sanurus indecora (Homoptera : Flatidae),merupakan hama utama tanaman jambu mete di pulau Lombok. Berbagaicara pengendalian telah dilakukan baik secara kimiawi maupun biologi.Pengendalian biologis yang telah banyak digunakan adalah pemanfaatandan eksplorasi musuh alami yang mencakup parasitoid, patogen danpredator. Salah satu musuh alami wereng daun (leafhoppers) dan werengpohon (planthoppers) yang masih belum diteliti di Indonesia dan baru 20spesies yang ada di di dunia adalah Epipyropidae. Ektoparasitoid familiEpipyropidae yang berasosiasi dengan imago S. indecora telah ditemukanpertama di Indonesia, khususnya di Pulau Lombok. Tujuan penelitian iniadalah untuk mengetahui keberadaan ngengat parasitoid pada inang S.indecora pada pertanaman jambu mete di lahan kering Pulau Lombok.Penelitian ini difokuskan pada dua kegiatan utama, yaitu pengambilansampel di lapang dan pengamatan laboratorium. Lokasi penelitian beradadi tiga desa di wilayah Kecamatan Gangga, Kayangan, dan Bayan.Penelitian dilakukan selama musim kemarau 2007 (Mei hingga Oktober2007) dan musim hujan (November 2007 hingga April 2008) di tiga kebunjambu mete milik petani yang ditanam secara monokultur. Dari penelitianini dapat diberikan beberapa kesimpulan, yaitu : wereng pucuk mete S.indecora berkembang baik pada musim kemarau (April hingga September)dan cenderung menurun pada saat musim hujan (Oktober hingga Maret),dengan populasi tinggi dicapai pada bulan Agustus hingga Oktober 2007.Larva ektoparasitoid Epypiropidae menyerang S. indecora jantan danbetina yang bersifat soliter dan atau gregarius. Laju parasitisasiEpipyropidae pada S. indecora jantan lebih kecil daripada betina, yaituberkisar 5,89 – 12,16% dan betina berkisar 15,23 – 19,23%. LarvaEpipyropidae tidak dapat menekan laju pertumbuhan populasi S. indecoradi pertanaman monokultur jambu mete di pulau Lombok. Denganperkataan lain bahwa semakin tinggi populasi S. indecora semakin rendahlaju parasitisasi yang ditemukan.Kata kunci : Anacardium occidentale, Sanurus indecora, ngengatparasitoid, EpipyropidaeABSTRACTParasitoid moth (Lepidoptera : Epipyropidae) on cashewplanthopper at cashew plantation in LombokSanurus indecora Jacobi is a serious pest attacking cashewplantation in Lombok Island. A number of natural enemies of flatids werefound on cashew plantation such as predator, pathogen, and parasitoid. Allmembers  of  Epipyropidae  (Lepidoptera)  are  ectoparasitoid  onplanthoppers and leafhoppers (Homoptera). The first report onEpipyropidae in Indonesia was documented, in Lombok whereEpipyropidae parasitized S. indecora. Study was conducted to determinethe prevalence of parasitoid moth on S. indecora at Lombok uplandcashew plantations. This experiment was conducted on May 2007 untilApril 2008 in three village areas of Gangga, Kayangan, and Bayandistricts. The results showed that population of Sanurus indecora increasesgradually from April until October (dry season) and decreases fromNovember until March (rainy season), with the highest population occursin August to October. Epipyropidae attacks both male and female of S.indecora J. Parasitation rate of male ranges from 0.38 – 46.00% with anaverage of 8.96%. Parasitation rate of female varies from 8.77 - 38.52%with an average of 17.45%. Epipyropidae is a solitary and or gregariousparasitoid. The parasitation rate was negatively correlated with S. indecorapopulation. The numbers of Epipyropidae larvae were correlated with thenumbers of S. indecora infected.Key words : Anacardium occidentale, Sanurus indecora, parasitoid moth,Epipyropidae
PENGARUH ROTASI KENAF TERHADAP PRODUKSI PADI DAN JAGUNG BUDI SANTOSO; ADJI SASTROSUPADI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 9, No 3 (2003): September, 2003
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v9n3.2003.91-97

Abstract

Tingkat kesuburan tanah dapat diperbaiki melalui pemberian bahan organik, hijauan tanaman ke dalam tanah atau diadakan rotasi tanaman. Kenaf merupakan tanaman semusim berumur 120 hari yang sesuai dirolasi dengan padi dan jagung. Penelitian rotasi kenaf dengan padi dan jagung dilaksanakan di Desa Canggu, Kecamatan Pare, Kabupaten Kediri pada musim tanam 1992/1993 sampai dengan 1994/1995 pada tanah regosol cokelat keabuan Tinggi tempat 70 meter di atas permukaan air laut dengan tipe iklim C3 menurut sistem klasiikasi Oldeman Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh rotasi tanaman kenaf dengan tanaman padi dan jagung terhadap peningkatan hasil padi dan jagung setelah lanaman kenaf seta perubahan ciri-ciri tanah tetentu sepeti kandungan C, N dan KTK di lahan irigasi Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Seluruh perlakuan ada 12 macam rotasi. Ukuran petak 14 m x 10 m. Padi yang ditanam varietas IR-64, jagung varietas CPI dan kenaf He. G4. Jarak tanam padi, jagung dan kenaf beturut-turut 20 cm x 20 cm; 75 cm x 30 cm dan 20 cm x 15 cm Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi penanaman kenaf dapat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah yang meliputi C-organik. N-total dan KTK tanah, baik pada tahun petama maupun pada tahun petama dan kedua. Hasil padi pada tahun petama tanpa kenaf, satu dan dua kali tanam kenaf sebelum padi masing-masing sebesar 5.19, 5.25, dan 6.24 ton/ha. Pada tahun petama dan kedua tanpa tanam kenaf dua dan liga kali tanam kenaf sebelum padi, masing-masing sebesar 4 68, 4.98, dan 5.23 ton/ha. Hasil jagung pada tahun petama tanpa kenaf dan satu kali tanam kenaf sebelum jagung, masing-masing sebesar 3.70 dan 4 47 ton/ha.Kata kunci: Kenaf, rotasi tanaman, padi, jagung, irigasi, kesuburan tanah ABSTRACTEffect of kenaf rotation on paddy and corn yieldThe fetility status of soil could be improved through the application of organic matter, fresh green plant or crop rotation practices. An experiment on kenaf-paddy-com rotalion was conducted ai Canggu Village, Pare Sub District, Kediri District from 1992/1993 to 1994/1995 on grey brown regosol. The altitude was 70 m above sea level, and the climate type was C3 according to Oldeman classiication. The purpose of the study was to know the effect of kenaf rotation on paddy and com yields and some soil characteristic change ater kenaf planting in irrigalcd land. The cxperimenl was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. All treatments consisted of 12 kinds of rotations. Plot size was 14 m x 10 m. The variety of paddy, com, and kenaf used in this experiment were IR-64, CPI and He G4 respectively. The plant spacing were 20 cm x 20 cm; 75 cm x 30 cm and 20 cm x 15 cm respectively. The result indicated that the frequency of growing kenaf enhanced C- organic, Total-N and CEC status. Paddy yield in the irst year of growing none, once and two times of kenaf before paddy obtained 5.19; 5.25 and 6.24 ton/ha respectively. Paddy yield in the irst and second year of growing none, two and three times of kenaf before paddy obtained 4.68; 4.98 and 5.23 ton/ha respectively. Corn yield in the irst year of none and once of kenaf before com obtained 3.70 and 4.47 ton/ha respectively.Key words : Kenaf, plant rotation, paddy, com, irrigation, soil fetility
REKAYASA TUNGKU BRIKET BATUBARA PADA PENGOVENAN DAUN TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA SAMSURl TIRTOSASTRO; SOEBANDI SOEBANDI; DARMONO DARMONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 5, No 4 (2000): Maret, 2000
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v5n4.2000.135-140

Abstract

Coal briquette furnace engineering for Virginia tobacco curingA coal briquette furnace for curing Virginia tobacco has been designed and constructed in Research Institute for Tobacco and Fiber Cops, Malang, East Java Indonesia. The furnace design was tested in East Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, fom August to September, 1997. The goal of this research is to provide an alternative fuel for curing Virginia tobacco and its burning system for the product of Virginia tobacco. The coal briquette funace model is similar with wood funace with a brick wall. 125 cm long and 72% of that part positioned at the floor of the barn. The height of the curve furnace was 120 cm and the width was 105 cm. Terminal of the furnace hole was connected with the irst heat exchanger pipe made from iron plate (d = 58 cm) and than with the second heat-exchanger pipe (d = 30cm) encircle in the funace loor. Waste of the smoke coal burning was discharged through two chimneys of 5 m in height.The honey-comb coal biquette has 12.5 cm x 12.5 cm x 8 cm dimensions and 5 500-6 000 kcal or 23 027-25 121 kJ/kg calorific value. Result of the experiment showed that using of the coal briquette-fuel heat (35-70°C) in a suitable for curing tobacco leaves. The cured-leaves quality was as good as the standard. Coal briquette consumption was 5.54 pieces or 6.36/kg of cured-leaves. Based on the coal briquette price of Rp. 100 per piece, the tested pumace model gave the BC-ratio = 1.03, NPV Rp 994 218 and IRR 29.02%. The break-event point was achieved at the briquette price of Rp. 119.23/piece.
KINERJA TEKNIS DAN FINANSIAL BUDIDAYA LADA PERDU DI DAERAH PENGEMBANGAN BARU KABUPATEN BANYUMAS, JAWA TENGAH / TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF BUSHY-PEPPER CULTIVATION IN THE NEW DEVELOPMENT AREA AT BANYUMAS DISTRICT, CENTRAL JAVA Syakir, M; Ardana, I Ketut; Karmawati, Elna
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 1 (2018): Juni, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n1.2018.39-46

Abstract

Bushy-pepper is a modification of pepper farming technology without using the climbed pole. The research about bushy pepper had been carried out by many people but had not massively developed in pepper production center. The purpose of this research is to analyze the technical and financial performance of pepper cultivation in new development areas, conducted from September to November 2017 in Banyumas District, Central Java, by using survey method. Respondent was determined through snow-ball method and data collected using interview and plant observation. Technical performance analysis used cross-tabulation and descriptive interpretation, as the financial performance was analyzed using financial feasibility criteria such as NPV, B/C, and IRR. The research result showed that in Banyumas District bushy pepper was carried out using monoculture and polyculture cropping-pattern as intercrops under pine-forest. The two cropping pattern applicated denoted the good technical performance of vegetative and generative growth. In 2016/2017 there was endemy of pepper rot disease caused the low productivity during the last five years. The effect of high pepper price in the period 2012-2017 pushed the sale value of pepper, so the two cropping pattern of applicated produced feasible financial performance with positive NPV, B/C > 1, and IRR > 18%. Optimation of technical performance requires policy of handling of pepper rot disease and increasing application of cultivation technology, especially the use of healthy seed.Keywords: Bushy-pepper, cropping pattern, financial performance, technical performance AbstrakLada perdu merupakan hasil modifikasi teknologi budidaya lada yang tidak menggunakan tiang panjat. Penelitian tentang lada perdu sudah banyak dilakukan, namun demikian lada perdu belum diusahakan secara masif di daerah sentra produksi lada. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja teknis dan finansial budidaya lada perdu di daerah pengembangan baru, dilakukan pada bulan September sampai dengan November 2017 di Kabupaten Banyumas, Jawa Tengah, dengan menggunakan metode survei. Penentuan responden dengan metode bola salju dan pengumpulan data dengan teknik wawancara disertai observasi lapang. Analisis kinerja teknis menggunakan tabulasi silang dan diinterpretasi secara deskriptif, sedangkan kinerja finansial dianalisis dengan kriteria kelayakan finansial NPV, B/C, dan IRR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Kabupaten Banyumas lada perdu dibudidayakan dengan pola tanam monokultur dan pola tanam polikultur sebagai tanaman sela pada tegakan hutan pinus. Kedua pola tanam yang diterapkan menunjukkan kinerja teknis yang relatif baik pada pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif, namun mengalami serangan penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada tahun 2016/2017 menyebabkan produktivitas kumulatif selama lima tahun relatif rendah. Pengaruh harga lada yang relatif tinggi pada periode 2012-2017 mendongkrak nilai jual lada, sehingga kedua pola tanam yang diterapkan menghasilkan kinerja finansial yang layak berdasarkan kriteria NPV positif, B/C > 1, dan IRR > 18%. Pengoptimalan kinerja teknis memerlukan kebijakan penanganan penyakit busuk pangkal batang dan perbaikan penerapan teknologi budidaya, khususnya penggunaan benih yang sehat.Kata kunci: kinerja finansial, kinerja teknis, lada perdu, pola tanam
UJI ADAPTASI ENAM KLON KARET DI LAHAN PASANG SURUT / The Adaptation Test of Six Rubber Clones in Tidal Swamps Sahuri Sahuri
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 2 (2018): Desember, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n2.2018.56-64

Abstract

Ideal land for growing rubber tree has increasingly limited. Hence farmers and companies were looking for alternative planting of rubber tree in non-conventional areas such as the land of tidal swamps. The study was conducted at Bangun Harjo Village, Air Sugihan Regency, Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) District, South Sumatera Province, Indonesia from 2005 to 2014. The study was aimed to test the adaptability of six rubber clones in tidal swamps. The design used was a Randomized Block Design with rubber clones as treatment and three replications. Clones planted were IRR 39, IRR 118, IRR 220, PB 260, RRIC 100, dan BPM 24. In each treatment there were 40 rubber trees and 15 rubber trees as samples. The parameters observed were stem girth, bark thickness, and latex yield. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Duncan Multiple Ranges Test (DMRT) at 5% levels. The results showed that rubber trees in tidal swamps would be able to mature tapping at the age of 60 month after planting (5 years) as long as using the recommended treatment. The growth of stems of each clone at the age of 12-60 month after planting in tidal land have different growth response. However, at the age of 60 BST the highest significant girth growth was IRR 39 (48.66 cm) while the lowest was the BPM 24 (44.17 cm) clone. The average yield per tree per taping (g/t/t) from 1st to 3rd years the highest was IRR 220 (26.23 g/t/t) and the lowest was IRR 39 (15.85 g/t/t). IRR 220 is adapted to tidal swamps.Keyword: Adaptability, rubber clones, tidal swamps, growth  AbstrakLahan yang ideal untuk pertumbuhan tanaman karet semakin terbatas sehingga banyak petani dan perusahaan mencari lahan alternatif untuk pengembangan karet di daerah non-konvensional seperti lahan pasang surut. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Bangun Harjo, Kecamatan Air Sugihan, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI), Provinsi Sumatera Selatan dari tahun 2005 sampai 2014. Lokasi penelitian merupakan lahan pasang surut tipe luapan C ketinggian 10-15 meter di atas permukaan laut (dpl). Penelitian bertujuan menguji daya adaptasi enam klon karet pada lahan pasang surut. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan klon sebagai perlakuan dan diulang tiga kali. Klon yang diuji adalah IRR 39, IRR 118, IRR 220, PB 260, RRIC 100, dan BPM 24. Dalam setiap perlakuan terdapat 40 tanaman dan 15 tanaman sebagai contoh. Parameter yang diamati adalah lilit batang, tebal kulit, dan hasil lateks. Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam, jika berbeda nyata diuji lanjut dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan (DMRT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman karet pada lahan pasang surut dengan pemeliharaan sesuai anjuran mampu matang sadap pada umur 60 bulan setelah tanam (5 tahun). Pertumbuhan lilit batang masing-masing klon pada umur 12-60 bulan setelah tanam di lahan pasang surut memiliki respon pertumbuhan yang berbeda. Namun pada umur 60 bulan setelah tanam pertumbuhan lilit batang tertinggi adalah klon IRR 39 (48,66 cm) sedangkan yang terendah adalah klon BPM 24 (44,17 cm). Rata-rata hasil mulai TM1 sampai TM3 yang tertinggi adalah klon IRR 220 (26,23 g/ pohon/sadap) dan terendah adalah klon IRR 39 (15,85 g/pohon/sadap). Klon IRR 220 beradaptasi baik pada lahan pasang surut.Kata kunci: Adaptabilitas, hasil, klon karet, lahan pasang surut, pertumbuhan
THE EFFECT OF JAMU FORMULAS ON BODY WEIGHT, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES, AND ANTIBODY TITER IN CHICKEN / Pengaruh Jenis Jamu terhadap Bobot Badan, Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Titer Antibodi Ayam Bagem BR Sembiring; Ening Wiedosari; Sujianto Sujianto
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 2 (2018): Desember, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n2.2018.65-74

Abstract

Medicinal plants are useful to increase body immunity, body weight, appetite, and improve health both for human and animal. The research aimed to obtain functional drink formula for chicken, called jamu, made with spices and medicinal plants. These trials consisted of 3 activities; first, raw materials preparation include fermentation and extraction, second, functional drink formulation in form liquid and powder with pH and IC50 value as parameters, third, efficacy test of formulas that had the strongest antioxidant. The treatments were categorized as group I (chicken were fed with jamu, without vaccination), group II (fed with jamu for two weeks then vaccinated), group III (jamu feeding complemented by vaccination), group IV (control, only vaccination). The third activity was arranged in a randomized block design with 6 replications. Parameters observed were body weight increment and antibody titer. The fermentation time and formula composition showed no significant effect on pH until the third day (4.31 - 4.68), but they indicated significant effect on pH from the fourth day, declined until the seventh day (3.65-4.26). The type and compositions of the formula significantly affected IC50 value. The smallest of IC50 value of liquid and powder formulas were 7796.25 ppm and 244.57 ppm, respectively. The incremental body weight regarding liquid, powder, and control formulas were 365.55 g / week, 351.22 g / week, and 326.66 g / week, respectively. The highest antibody titer was at group III that had 4.50 (log 2), whereas control was 3.30 (log2). The combination feeding, jamu formula and vaccine, was able to increase body weight increment and antibody titer on chicken.Keywords: medicinal plants, functional drink, IC50, broilers, antibody titers AbstrakTanaman obat digunakan untuk meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh, bobot badan, nafsu makan, mencegah penyakit, serta pemulihan kesehatan manusia dan hewan. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan formula minuman fungsional untuk ayam berbasis tanaman rempah dan obat. Kegiatan meliputi 3 aktivitas (1) Penanganan bahan baku, fermentasi dan ekstraksi (2) Formulasi minuman fungsional (cair dan serbuk) dengan parameter pH dan nilai IC50. (3) Uji efikasi formula cair dan serbuk yang menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan terkuat. Perlakuan: kelompok I, ayam hanya diberi formula jamu selama dua minggu, kelompok II, ayam diberi formula jamu selama dua minggu sebelum vaksinasi, kelompok III, ayam divaksin sebelum diberi formula jamu selama dua minggu, kelompok IV, ayam hanya divaksinasi. Kegiatan (3) menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 6 ulangan dan parameter pengamatan yaitu penambahan bobot badan dan titer antibodi. Waktu fermentasi dan komposisi formula tidak menunjukkan efek yang signifikan pada pH sampai hari ketiga (4,31-4,68), namun signifikan pada hari keempat ditandai dengan penurunan pH sampai hari ketujuh (3,65-4,26). Jenis dan komposisi formula secara signifikan mempengaruhi nilai IC50. Nilai IC50 terkecil dari formula cair adalah 7796,25 ppm dan serbuk 244,57 ppm. Kenaikan berat badan dengan formula jamu cair yaitu 365,55 g / minggu, serbuk 351,22 g / minggu dan kontrol 326,66 g / minggu. Titer antibodi tertinggi adalah 4,50 (log2) yang ditunjukkan oleh kelompok III, sedangkan kontrol 3,30 (log2). Minuman fungsional (jamu) ditambah dengan vaksinasi mampu meningkatkan pertambahan berat badan dan titer antibodi ayam.Kata kunci: Tanaman obat, minuman fungsional, IC50, ayam broiler, titer antibodi
POTENSI PAKAN DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INTEGRASI SAWIT-SAPI DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR / Feed Potency and Strategy of Palm-Cow Integration System Development in East Kalimantan Suci Wulandari; Deciyanto Soetopo
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 2 (2018): Desember, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n2.2018.75-86

Abstract

The productivity and utilization of feed from oil palm plantation in East Kalimantan is still not optimal. One of the strategy to overcome this problem is through the implementation of palm-cow integration system, which providing organic fertilizer. The implementation of the system is still very limited. This study aims to estimate the potential of oil palm plantations in providing of livestock feed, to identify problems, and to develop strategies for implementing oil palm-cow integrated system. The research was conducted in Paser and North Paser Penajam district in East Kalimantan Province. Data collection was conducted in 2017. The forcasting used trend analysis, the problem mapping was done by rank analysis, and the strategy formulate by descriptive approach. Based on the estimation it is known that the area of Production Plant area tend to increase and shows the available feeding ability to support the development of palm-cow integration system. In 2019 it was estimated that debris of palm frouds was 384.8 thousand tons and 41,6 thousand tons of dried leaves. This number will continue to increase 2.1 times by 2028. Utilization product from palm oil estate is still faced with various obstacles. Financing becomes a major problem in the development of cow-palm integration. In addition, the problems encountered related to the availability of land, the loss risk of livestock, and changes the culture in farming system. Strategies need to be formulated related to regulation, support facilities, and technical assistance. In terms of providing facilities and assistance, it is necessary to provide communal livestock facilities as well as assistance in developing livestock business and utilization of oil palm plantation waste.Keywords: oil palm, integrated farming, cow, animal feed ABSTRAKProduktivitas dan pemanfaatan pakan yang berasal dari limbah kebun kelapa sawit di Kalimantan Timur belum optimal. Salah satu upaya mengatasinya dilakukan melalui penerapan sistem integrasi sawit-sapi, yang memungkinkan penyediaan pupuk organik dan pemanfaatan lahan secara optimal. Pada saat ini sistem integrasi sawit-sapi masih sangat terbatas dalam pengembangannya. Untuk mendukung program implementasi sistem integrasi sawit-sapi, kajian ini dilakukan bertujuan menduga potensi perkebunan sawit dalam penyediaan pakan ternak, mengindentifikasi permasalahan, dan menyusun strategi penerapan sistem integrasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Paser dan Kabupaten Paser Penajam Utara di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, pada tahun 2017. Analisis perkembangan luas areal dilakukan dengan analisis time series, pemetaan permasalahan dilakukan dengan analisis pemeringkatan, dan formulasi strategi dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas areal Tanaman Menghasilkan (TM) cenderung meningkat dan menggambarkan besarnya ketersediaan pakan untuk mendukung pengembangan sistem integrasi sawit-sapi. Dari luasan kelapa sawit pada tahun 2019 diperkirakan akan diperoleh limbah kebun berupa pelepah kering sebanyak 384,8 ribu ton dan daun kering sebanyak 41,6 ribu ton. Jumlah ini akan meningkat 2,1 kali lipat pada tahun 2028. Ketersediaan modal menjadi permasalahan utama dalam pengembangan sistem integrasi sawit-sapi, selain ketersediaan lahan, risiko kehilangan ternak, dan perubahan budaya usahatani. Strategi dan tindak lanjut penyelesaian permasalahan yang perlu disusun terutama adalah kebijakan pemerintah dalam bentuk regulasi, penyediaan fasilitas, dan pendampingan. Regulasi yang diperlukan meliputi regulasi untuk sistem pembiayaan pertanian dan sistem penanggulangan resiko. Dari sisi penyediaan fasilitas dan pendampingan, diperlukan penyediaan fasilitas peternakan komunal serta pendampingan pengembangan usaha peternakan dan pemanfaatan limbah perkebunan sawit.Kata kunci: kelapa sawit, usahatani terpadu, sapi, pakan ternak

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