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Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Core Subject : Engineering,
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Articles 3,145 Documents
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Model Hidrologi Runtun Waktu Untuk Peramalan Debit Sungai Menggunakan Metode Gabungan Transformasi Wavelet - Artifical Neural Network (Studi Kasus : Sub Das Siak Hulu) Adiman, Edi Yusuf; Suprayogi, Imam; Handayani, Yohana Lilis
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Softcomputing method has been widely used as hydrological analysis model, one of them for streamflow forecasting. Hybrid model of Wavelet Transformation - Artificial Neural Network (WANN) is one of the softcomputing method that can predict streamflow. WANN models need to be tested reliability of the Siak Hulu sub-watershed given the importance of streamflow information to generate management, planning, and useing water resources and sustainable accurately. WANN models in this study used AWLR data converted into discharge data at Siak Hulu sub-watershed from January 2002 to December 2012. First, the data were decomposed and reconstructed using Wavelet Transformation. Then, ANN constructed forecasting model use backpropagation algorithm. WANN models were constructing use 12 forecasting scheme, and then it compared to obtain the best model of each forecasting scheme. The results of statistical analysis on coefficient of correlation (R) showed that the 12 schemes of WANN models developed by the process of calibration, testing, validation and simulation were categorized as very strong correlation. As for the process simulation models from 2011 to 2012, WANN models db5 level 2 for lead time one day scheme resulted the best correlation coefficient (R) is 0.9501752.Keyword : forecasting streamflow, Siak Hulu sub-watershed, Wavelet Transformation, ANN.
Aplikasi Biosand Filter Dengan Penambahan Media Karbon (Arang Kayu) Untuk Pengolahan Air Sumur Daerah Gambut Okdika Berliandra; Yohanna Lilis Handayani; Lita Darmayanti
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Refers to the results test from UPT Health and Environment Laboratory in Pekanbaru, the quality of water wells in peat areas on Kadiran Street RW.06 / RT.03, Kulim, Tenayan Raya District, Pekanbaru City, has turbidity (CaCO3) level of 18 mg/L and contains iron metal (Fe) < 0,0195 mg/L, manganese (Mn) < 0,0248 mg/L, organic substances (KMnO4) 9,7 mg/L, pH levels between of 4.9 – 5.2, and smelling. This condition makes water wells in peat areas should through processing water treatment before consumed. Biosand filter with the addition of carbon (charcoal) is the one of alternative treatment for water wells in peat areas with simple and natural concept. The purpose of this research for determining the efficiency from using biosand filter with the addition of carbon (charcoal) to get the most quality of water wells in peat areas based on the parameters pH, smelling, and organic substances. Reactor of biosand filter is made from PVC pipe diameter of 6" and high 150 cm. The results showed that, biosand filter produces the best efficiency to increase the pH value up to 26.00%, to decrease organic substances value up to 91.92%, and eliminates of smelling. In generally, water wells in peat areas which produced by biosand filter process can to repair the parameters of the organic substances and smelling. However water discharge producing from reactor of biosand filter is too small, so that not effective to be applied.Keywords: water wells, biosand filter, charcoal
Kuat Tarik Tidak Langsung Asphalt Concerete Binder Course (AC-BC) Menggunakan Pasir Alam Kampar Afriansyah, Yuda; Sentosa, Leo
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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In Specification of Bina Marga 2010, natural sand can be used as fine aggregate not more than 15% the mixture of total weight. In some areas, especially in the watershed area, it is easy to find natural sand rather than sand or fine aggregate of crushed stone screening, because there is no need crushing process. It just takes to sieved to obtain the size we need. Flexible pavement construction consists of layers were deposited on land that has been compacted which has function to receive traffic load and spread it to the layer below. The impact of load on the traffic so there are tensile stress on pavement, therefore the pavement is expected to has enough strength of sufficient tensile to hold it. The tensile strength can be used as a parameter for assessing the performance of asphalt concrete. This research is to determine the effect of the use on natural sand and how many percent of the optimum sand content obtained in the asphalt mixture type AC-BC by doing indirect tensile strength test. In this research the variation of the fine aggregate type of sand that used is 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% of the total weight of the mixture of aggregate. The results of this research showed that the addition of natural sand on the mixture would increase the tensile strength up to 20% variation in natural sand. Optimum natural sand content (ONSC) for asphalt concrete mix type AC-BC based on the indirect tensile strength test was 20% and the optimum bitument content (OBC) based on the indirect tensile strength test was 6%.Keywords: Natural sand, asphalt concrete AC-BC, Specification of Bina Marga 2010 and Indirect Tensile Strength.
Pengaruh Waktu Ageing Dan Kecepatan Pengadukan Pada Sintesis Hidroksiapatit Dari Cangkang Telur Dengan Metode Presipitasi Rio Andika; Ahmad Fadli; Irdoni HS
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is one of the calcium phosphate compounds are used as biomaterials because of the ceramic material which has a stable properties. The purpose of this study is to study the effect of ageing time and stirring rate of the HAp obtained. HAp from eggshells has been successfully synthesis using precipitation method with variation of ageing time and stirring rate. Eggshells were calcined at 1000 oC for 5 hours to produce calcium oxide (CaO). CaO was dissolved into nitric acid (HNO3) to obtain (Ca(NO3)2), and then mixed slowly into a diamonium hydrogen phosphate solution which was already dissolved into aquabidest. After mixing process is complete, the solution was settling with the variation of ageing time 0 hour, 12 hours, 36 hours and 48 hours and the best condition continued in the second variation of the stirring rate 200 rpm, 250 rpm, 350 rpm and 400 rpm. HAp produced at the ageing time 12 hours is the optimum condition. Bonds of PO43- and OH- shown HAp compounds, also it contained tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) compounds. Morphology of HAp particles had a granular form with a increasing particle size of HAp with the ageing time in the range 60-48 nm, whereas the faster rate of stirring had been produced the particle in the range 47-44 nm.Keywords: ageing time; eggshells, hydroxyapatite; mixing; precipitation
Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Bahan Baku Cpo (Crude Palm Oil) Dengan Reaksi Transesterifikasi Menggunakan Kolom Sentrifugal Kontaktor (Variasi temperatur Dan Waktu Reaksi) Erziza, Winny Noviami; Amri, Idral; Yenie, Elvi
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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Transesterification reaction is a reaction between oils (triglycerides) with alcohol to produce fatty acid alkyl esters and glycerol as a byproduct. Biodiesel is obtained by reacting vegetable oils or fats with methanol. So that the resulting product is known as the methyl ester. Due to, production of petroleum fuels is limited, it is necessary to develop a vegetable oil to produce biodiesel. One of the vegetable oil that can be used is derived from CPO (Crude Palm Oil) by using a column centrifugal contactor. In this study, biodiesel obtained by transesterification of CPO (Crude Palm Oil), using KOH catalyst. The process is conducted by variation of temperature (50ºC., 60°C, and 70ºC), and reaction time (0.5, 1 and 1.5 hours), with a fixed variable stirring speed of 300 rpm and a molar ratio of methanol / oil 6: 1, the concentration of catalyst KOH 1%wt. Based on the test results showed that the transesterification reaction time and temperature affected by the speed of reaction formation of biodiesel. The good operating conditions obtained in this study at temperature of 60°C, and the reaction time of 1.5 hours which resulted in the conversion reaction of 39,47%. The percentage of ester product area is 6.37% and 28,894% glycerol. Methyl ester product was obtained in the form of palmitate, dimethyl azelate, methyl myristate, methyl laurate, and methyl nonanoat. Characteristics of biodiesel produced in this study meets to the Indonesian Standards of biodiesel, with the value of the kinematic viscosity (40°C) 3.91 to 4.15 cSt, Density (40ºC) = 872.95 to 886.44kg/m3, and a flash point at 136ºC (min. 100ºC).Keywords: Crude Palm Oil, transesterification, biodiesel, column centrifugal contactor
Hidrolisis Mikroalga Tetraselmis Chuii Menjadi Glukosa Menggunakan Enzim Selulase Novia Azzahra; Amun Amri; Syelvia Putri Utami
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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Microalgae Tetraselmis chuii is one of biomass which has a potential to be converted into glucose that can be used as raw materials for bioethanol production and other intermediate products. One of the process was used for glucose production by using enzymatic hydrolysis with enzyme cellulase. The purpose of this researches were to study the influence of the hydrolysis time and optimum conditions at enzymatic hydrolysis. The sequances of this research were raw materials analysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, and glucose analysis. The process of the hydrolysis by dissolving microalgae in a buffer solution of sodium acetate pH 5,5, pH was re-set by way of added to acetic acid in microalgae mixture. After certain pH was achieved, an enzyme cellulase was added into microalgae mixture and stirred at 100 rpm, the temperature of 400C and varied hydrolysis time. Manipulated variable on this study were hydrolysis time, namely 15, 45, 75 hours at the ratio of algae/enzyme 1:0,03. The results was obtained namely glucose, with the highest concentration of 2,78 g/L on operating conditions for 45 hours at the rasio algae/ enzyme 1:0,03.Keywords: cellulase, glucose, hydrolysis, Tetraselmis chuii, time
Pengaruh Jenis Pengaduk Dan Waktu Fermentasi Terhadap Fermentasi Nira Nipah Menjadi Bioetanol Menggunakan Yeast Saccharomyces Cereviceae Nst, Khoirul Amru; Chairul, Chairul; S, Maria Peratenta
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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Bioethanol is a chemical that is produced from plant raw materials containing starch, sugar and cellulose through a process of fermentation and distillation is an alternative fuelthat is environmentally friendly and renewable nature. One of the raw materials for bioethanol production are Nypa sap. Availability of land wide enough Nypa in Indonesia (700,000 ha) as well as a fairly high sugar content (18-19%) makes the Nypa sap is a potential to be processed into bioethanol. Flow patterns and the degree of turbulence is an important aspect that affects the quality of mixing is dependent on several factors such as the geometry of the tank, the physical properties of the fluid and the Impeller. Fermentation time very big influence on the activity of yeast because the longer the fermentation, the more the number increasingly active yeast or yeast to proliferate. The purpose of the study to convert the sugar in the Nypa sap is fermented into bioethanol and observe the effect of impeller and fermentation time on ethanol produced using Sacharomyces cereviceae. Through the process of fermentation using yeast Sacharomyces cereviceae, glucose is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. Preparation is done with the starter yeast inoculum Sacharomyces cereviceae at 10% so that the yeast fermentation medium is able to adapt and ready to ferment. Fermentation takes place in batches with a volume of 2 liters of fermentation medium, variations impeller Paddle, Pitched Blade Turbine, Disc Turbine and variations of fermentation time 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours. Stirring speed of 150 rpm and temperature of fermentation at room temperature (25 - 300C). Ethanol concentration was analyzed by using Gas Chromatography. The optimum fermentation process is shown on the Impeller Pitched Blade Turbine fermentation time of 48 hours with yield obtained 89,86% and ethanol concentrations obtained 10.72% (v / v) or 84.60 mg / ml.Keywords: Bioethanol, Nypa Sap, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Impeller, Flow Pattern.
Preparasi Pelepah Sawit Dengan Asam Oksalat Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Sifat Dan Morfologi Wood Plastic Composite Andreas Sahat Parsaulian; Bahruddin Bahruddin; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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Reduced forest makes the availability of woods as the construction material on the wane. Oil palm frond has a potential to use to decrease utilization of woods directly. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oxalic acid and thermal pretreatment to morphology and properties of oil palm frond based wood plastic composite (WPC). The temperature of pretreatment were varied at 100oC, 120oC, and 140oC with submersion time 15 minutes. The mass ratio of oil palm frond sized 100 – 200 mesh as filler and polypropylene as a matrix is 30:70. 2% paraffin as plasticizer and 5% maleic anhydride polypropylene as compatibilizer were use as an additive. WPC samples were prepared using internal mixer Labo Plastomill at temperature 180oC and rotor speed 80 rpm. Testing experiments were prepared to mechanical testing consist of tensile and flexural strength and physical testing consist of density, water absorption, and swelling thickness. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used as a morphology testing. The result showed that oxalic acid pretreatment significantly gives an effect to mechanical and physical properties. The best WPC in this study was treated in the 120oC using oxalic acid based on tensile strength with 23.785 MPa, flexural strength 43.2 MPa, density 0.975 gr/cm3, water absorption 1.44%, and swelling thickness 0.17%.Keywords: pretreatment, oil palm frond, wood plastic composite
Pengaruh Laju Pengadukan Terhadap Biokonversi Reject Nanas Menjadi Bioetanol Intan Oktaviani; Adrianto Ahmad; Chairul Chairul
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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Bioethanol production can be done by a process of fermentation material containing glucose, cellulose fiber and starch. Pineapple is one of the ingredients containing glucose. This study produces bioethanol from reject pineapple juice. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of stirring rate on bioethanol yield and to get the best conditions in the manufacture of bioethanol made from pineapple juice reject. There are several stages in the research, the preparation of raw materials, fermentation, and purification products. The variables used are the stirring speed in the process of fermentation: 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 rpm with fermentation time 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 84, 96, 108 and 120 hours. Anaerobic fermentation process takes place with the help of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the addition of some nutrients. To measure the ethanol formed, the purification process is carried out using a rotary evaporator. The results showed that the highest ethanol content of 10% v/v with yield of 95.32% obtained at the stirring rate of 200 rpm with a fermentation time of 60 hours.Keywords: Bioethanol, Reject pineapple, Stirring, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Pengaruh Laju Alir Substrat Terhadap Konsentrasi Sel pada Fermentasi Reject Nanas Menjadi Bioetanol Secara Kontinu Rendy Hidayat; Adrianto Ahmad; Sri Rezeki Muria
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
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Bioethanol is a renewable alternative energy sources that can be used as an alternative fuel. A substance that potential as bioethanol feedstock is rejected pineapple, which it was wasted of pineapple plantation that never be used optimally. Glucose content of rejected pineapple can be converted into bioethanol through fermentation process. This research aimed to determine the effect of cells concentration on bioethanol conversion with substrates flow rate variation of rejected pineapple fermentation into bioethanol, determine the substrate flow rate influences of cell concentration, and determine the optimum residence time of rejected pineapple continuous fermentation process. Fixed variable used is 5 liters of holding capacity, 4.5 of pH, 0.3% contents of inoculum, 0.5% contents of urea, 0.08% contents of phosphorus and room temperature used as fermentation temperature. Varied variables is the variation of feed flow rate: 5 L / day; 2.5 L / day; 1.67 L / day; 1:25 L / day and 1L / day. Research procedures include pretreatment, inoculation, fermentation and purification using a vacuum evaporator. Analysis performed into cell concentration and ethanol concentration analysis. The results showed that the optimum flow rate was 2.5 L / day with the of ethanol 7% contents and 17.1 g / L of cells concentrationKeyword: Bioethanol, continuous, cells concentration, Saccharomyces cereviceae

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