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Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Core Subject : Engineering,
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Articles 3,145 Documents
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Pengaruh Konsentrasi Perekat Tapioka Pada Pembuatan Biobriket Dari Lumpur IPAL Produksi Minyak Sawit Dan Cangkang Biji Karet Refvi Gusvita Sari; Elvi Yenie; Syarfi Daud
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

The use of fossil fuels is increasing every year, necessitating finding alternative energy sources as a substitute for fossil fuels. Alternative energy sources that can be used as renewable energy are biobriquettes derived from biomass. A very abundant agricultural waste, such as WWTP sludge, palm kernel shell production, but not utilized optimally. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of variations in tapioca adhesive concentration in the manufacture of biobriquette on the analysis of proximate and compressive strength produced. The process of making biobriquette in this study with variations changed the concentration of tapioca adhesive 5%, 8% and 11%. Fixed variations used were carbonization temperature of 300oC mud, 500oC rubber seed shells for 1 hour, raw material composition of WWTP sludge charcoal and 60%: 40% of the total weight of 10 gram briquettes and pressing pressure of 100 kg/cm2. Carbonization is carried out using furnaces and drying is carried out in a room 24 hours and then oven for 1 hour at a temperature of 105oC. The results showed that the best briquettes lie in the variation of 11% adhesive concentration which produces a compressive strength of 11,55 kg/cm2, moisture content of 7,5%, ash content of 7%, volatile content of 10,50% and carbon content of 75%.Keywords: biobriquette, rubber seed shell, carbonization, waste WWTP palm oil production, compressive strength.
Pengaruh Kadar Dan Ukuran Selulosa Berbasis Batang Pisang Terhadap Sifat Dan Morfologi Bioplastik Berbahan Pati Umbi Talas Roy Marthin Panjaitan; Irdoni Irdoni; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2017
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Abstract

Plastic waste is one of environmental problem especially in Indonesia. Conventional plastic is made from synthetic polymer that is made by petroleum which hard to recycle or break down by microorganism. Bioplastic is the answer of this problem. Starch is kind of natural polymer that can be used for bioplastic production because the sources overflow, renewable and ready degradable. However, starch have a bad mechanical characteristic. Cellulose as the strengthened has been proved to overcome the lack of starch. This research is aim to analyze the effect of composition and size of cellulose particle to get the best combination of bioplastic mechanical characteristic and morphology. Bioplastic was made by casting method where the taro’s starch, glycerol and cellulose are mixed. This research take variable on addition level of cellulose 6, 9, 12, 15%wt with cellulose fiber sizes of 100, 150 and 200 mesh. The composition with a good characteristic was 15%wt cellulose with the size 150 mesh with strength 7,595 MPa, elongation 11,379%, modulus young 66,465 MPa, water uptake 37,50%, and biodegradation is about 36,11% in one week.Keyword : bioplastic, casting, cellulose, glycerol, starch
Kinetika Reaksi Deasetalisasi Sintesa Kitosan Dengan Pendekatan Shrinking Core Model (SCM) Annisa Rahmat; Ahmad Fadli; Amun Amri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2017
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Abstract

Chitosan is poly (2-amino-2-deoxy-β- (1-4) -D-glucopyranose) with molecular (C8H11NO4)n which produced from chitin of ebi waste through deacetylation process. Chitosan can be synthesized from ebi waste using chemical methods through deproteinasi, demineralization and deacetylation. Research procedure was begining with the size reduction of ebi waste into powder size. Then the powder was treated with NaOH 3.5% (deproteinasi), the ratio of deproteinasi 1:10 (w / v) for 2 hours and the stirring speed of 150 rpm. Deproteinasi product was treated with HCl 1 N (demineralization), the ratio of demineralization 1:15 (w / v) for 1 h and the stirring speed of 150 rpm. Demineralised product was reacted using 50% NaOH (deacetylation), the ratio of deacetylation 1:25 (w / v) at a speed of 100.150 stirring, and 200 rpm with a temperature of 120 ° C for 2 hours. Samples were taken every 10 minutes rise as much as 10 mL, washed until pH neutral and dried. Deacetylation degree of chitosan analyzed using acid-base titration method. By the range between in the stirring speed of 100-200 rpm it proved that the faster some mixing the bigger it is of deacetylation of chitosan is between 74,54%-83,14%. Reaction kinetics model suitable to describe the events that occur in the synthesis of chitosan was a model that was a layer 2 results (chitosan) to control.Keywords: deacetylation, reaction kinetics, chitosan, waste ebi, shrinking core model.
Analisis Aliran Air Tanah Akibat Penyekatan Kanal Di Lahan Gambut Frans Alfredo Hutapea; Rinaldi Rinaldi; Sigit Sutikno
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2019
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Abstract

Peat restoration measures are needed to rehabilitate peat ecosystems. The Peat Restoration Agency (BRG) has implemented peat restoration efforts one of them through rewetting activities within the territory of the Peat Hydrological Unity (KHG). The village of Lukun has burnt and degraded peatlands. With the rewetting of the peat, it is expected that the hydrologically disturbed peat will be improved and the peat will remain in wet conditions so that the degradation rate and potential of peat fires can be prevented. Therefore, the analysis of the peatlands wetting area due to the construction of canal blocking using the water level logger was set up in several dipwells around the canal bloking area. The results of water level logger give a reading in the form of hydrostatic pressure and atmospheric pressure then processed into graphs of groundwater fluctuations.This research showed the results that canal blocking has an impact on ground water level fluctuations as an effort to wet peatlands and the wetting radius that results from canal blocking is less than 100 meters. Besides the canal blocking, the increase in groundwater level is also influenced by rainfall. Keywords: water level logger, groundwater level, canal blocking, peat land wetting.
Perhitungan Jumlah Kendaraan Bermotor Dengan Metode Manual Traffic Counting Di Jalan Jenderal Sudirman Kota Pekanbaru Syarah Adriana; Aryo Sasmita; Muhammad Reza
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2019
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Abstract

Increasing population affect the mobility of transportation which has an impact on amount of vehicle but its not accompanied by the road capacity. This research is located on Jenderal Sudirman street, that has highest number of vehicle in Pekanbaru. This research intended count the vehicle amount in research location using manual method (traffic counting) to calculate the vehicle amount. The data collected directly at two (2) different points in Jendral Sudirman Street Pekanbaru, Point a is located in front of Sudirman Square dan point b is located in front of Ramayana Sudirman. The result showed the peak hour in point a and point b happen in afternoon (16:30-17:30) and the highest amount of vehicle occurs at point a, cause by difference conditions at the research location.Keywords: Carbon Monoxide Emissions, Vehicle amount, Speed of Vehicle
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Siswa Berprestasi Dengan Metode Weighted Product Fitria Sari; Noveri Lysbetti Marpaung
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2019
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Abstract

School is one of the facilities that used for studying. All of teachers in that school do an assessment for students, this assessment has the function for measuring the extent of student achievement f or one semester in teaching and learning process at SMP Smart Indonesia Pekanbaru. The aspects that assessed are Academic and Non Academic Aspects. Academic Aspects which is include of Main Subjects and Muatan Lokal Subjects, then Non-Academic aspects which is includes of students’ Creativity, Students’Attitudes, and Students’ Absent. The selection of students’ achievement at SMP Smart Indonesia is still done manually and relatively take a long time. So far the selection of students’ achievement has only been determined by based on the Academic Assessment Aspects. So that in selecting of students’ acievement can be done quickly, precisely, fairly and able to combine about Academic and Non-Academic Apects, the researchers built a Decision Support System for Student Achievement Selection with the Weighted Product Method. Weighted Product Method is a decision making method that uses multiplication to link attribute ratings, where the rating of each attribute must be raised first with the weight of the attribute in question. By using this system, it can be easier for the school to select students’ achievement. To create a system that aims to select high-achieving students, the researchers took a data collection process that included do an observation with the SMP Smart Indonesia directly, interviews with the Principal, and gave a questionnaire to the teachers in the SMP Smart Indonesia. The calculation results obtained from the system built, which compared with the manual calculation results Weighted Product Method has a value of 100% conformity calculation calculation. Testing the use of this system was also carried out by the school with the results of the assessment percentage of 93.74%, obtained from the accumulation of observations, interviews and questionnaires given to six respondents. These respondents consisted of all teachers at SMP Smart Indonesia. So, it can be concluded that the Achievement Student Support Decision Support System with the Weighted Product Method is feasible to be used in the SMP Smart Indonesia Pekanbaru environment Keywords : Decision Support System, Student Achievement, Weighted Product, SMP Smart Indonesia..
Hidrolisis Daun Sawit Menjadi Glukosa Dengan Menggunakan Katalis H3PO4-H2SO4 Fitriyanti Fitriyanti; Komalasari Komalasari; Sri Rezeki Muria
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2019
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Abstract

Glucose is a simple monosaccharide containing an aldehyde group and six carbon atoms. Glucose is an intermediate product in biological and chemical conversion. Glucose can made from hydrolysis of biomass such as oil palm leaves. Previously, oil palm leaves are only used as fertilizer and animal feed. Biomass with the main component cellulose is very resistant to hydrolysis by water, therefor a catalyst in the form of acidic or alcalyc is needed. The purpose of this study was intended to examine the use of oil palm leaves as a raw material in the manufacture of glucose. There are two stages in this research, pretreatment and hydrolysis. The pretreatment using acid solvents with low concentrations of 0,5% H2SO4 with the cooking process at 80°C for 1 hour reaction time. The results showed that the acid pretreatment process using 0,5% H2SO4 solvent was able to increase cellulose 2%, hemicellulose 1%, and lignin reduction by 1%. The hydrolysis process is carried out in two stages, first stage is immersion of oil palm leaves with an H3PO4-H2SO4 catalyst ratio of 70:30 for 16 hours at room temperature. Then the second step is adding distilled water and cooked at a temperature variation of 100°C, 120°C and takes 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours. The highest glucose yield obtained from the hydrolysis process at 100°C for 4 hours at 26,8376% and the lowest glucose yield obtained from the hydrolysis process at 120°C for 4 hours at 18,1812%Keywords : Glucose, hydrolysis, oil palm leaves
Pengaruh Variasi Volume Pengenceran Bakteri Bacillus Subtilis Terhadap Sifat Fisik Beton Pada Lingkungan Sulfat Suziela Saila; Zulfikar Djauhari; Enno Yuniarto
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2019
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Abstract

Concrete is a material that generally becomes a necessity as a support for infrastructure. Concrete has various advantages so it is chosen in the field of construction. During the construction, several weakness were found w in concrete that can make cracks and cause performance in concrete being decreased. To overcome this issue, cracks on concrete can be self-recovered, called self healing concrete. In this study, bacteria Baciluus Subtilis was used as a medium that can restore cracks in concrete. In this study, ingredients added with bacillus subtilis bacteria with a concentration of 105 cells / 20 ml, 105 cells / 25 ml, and 105 cells / 30 ml of 25 ml in each casting were then treated in sulfate solution and studied physical properties. Normal concrete is compared with bacterial concrete with different concentrations at 28 and 56 days of treatment in water sulphate. . Concrete testing performed is workability, porosity, and shrinkage. The results of this study indicate that the slump in sulfur bacteria 105 cells / 20 ml is 9.50 cm, porosity in the concrete bacteria sulfate 105 cells / 20 ml is lower than the other types of concrete with a value of 13.54%. Shrinkage on concrete sulfate bacteria 105 cells / 20 ml is lower than other types of concrete with shrinkage of 0.071 mm or 71 μm. So that it can be concluded that the bacterial sulfate 105 cells / 20 ml concrete is the most optimum with added bacterial ingredients in the sulfate environment.Keywords: Concrete, Bacillus subtilis bacteria, physical properties, sulfate, concentration
Desain Dan Analisis Resonant Converter Bertenaga Akumulator 12 Volt Sebagai Rangkaian Penggerak Lampu Led Menggunakan Matlab-Simulink Irsyad Alfahmi; Budhi Anto
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2017
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Abstract

This paper describes a design and analysis of resonant converter to LED lamp driving. The converter is powered by 12 volt battery. The type of resonant converter is equipped by a Half-Bridge LLC Series Resonant Converter. The type of battery is lead acid battery which has capacity of 12 Ah and nominal voltage of 12 volts. The purpose of series resonant converter design is to generate the requirement voltage by forming of LED lights as a load with 19 volts of voltage. The circuit has been designed and modeled then simulated using MATLAB-Simulink application to view the characteristics of the converter output voltage and current. The simulations has performed a total of 11 conditions, which are covers several condition when hit the following value: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 37%, 40%, 43% and 45% of duty cycle respectively. The converter operates at 50 KHz of switching frequency. The output of the converter is connected to 13,57 Ω resistor which is equal to 20 seeds of 1 watt LED. The simulation results show the expected condition of hypotesis has been achieved i.e 19 volts of voltage and a current of 1.4 A at 43% duty cycle with an efficiency of 79.39%.Kata kunci : resonant converter, lead acid battery, LED, Matlab-Simulink.
Pengaruh Jenis Dan Suhu Pelarut Pada Preparasi Pelepah Sawit Sebagai Bahan Baku Wood Plastic Composite Dian Anggraini Purba; Zultiniar Zultiniar; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5 (2018): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2018
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Abstract

Palm frond biomass is potentially to be used as a filler for plastic-wood composite products known as Wood Plastic Composite (WPC). This study aims to determine the influence of solvent type and temperature on preparation of palm frond as raw material of WPC. The palm frond which has been reduced to powder is dried in open air for ± 24 hours. Further drying uses an oven at 1050C where the final water content of the powder is 5%. Furthermore, the material is scaled down again in size to obtain 60 mesh. Palm oil powder is extracted for 15 minutes using solvent and high temperature. The solvent variations used are NaOH and H2O2 with concentration of 1 N while the variation temperature of extraction step is 100oC, 120oC and 140oC. The results showed that the type of solvent has a relatively significant effect on cellulose content of frond is increasing cellulose level of 13.44% - 22.23%, while the temperature changes did not give significant effect to the increase of fronds cellulose levels. The best preparation results were obtained in the preparation using NaOH solvent at 140 ° C with a cellulose content of 57,47%.Keywords: moisture content, palm frond, preparation, wood plastic composite

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