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Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains
Published by Universitas Riau
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Core Subject : Engineering,
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Articles 3,145 Documents
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Sintesis Biodiesel Dari Minyak Nyamplung Menggunakan Katalis Geopolimer: Pengaruh Suhu Reaksi Transesterifikasi Dan Rasio Mol Minyak Terhadap Metanol Syafi’i, Abdullah; Saputra, Edy; Helwani, Zuchra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5, No 1 (2018): Wisuda April Tahun 2018
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Petroleum reserves in Indonesia are increasingly depleted, requiring the use of alternative energy that is environmentally friendly and renewable like biodiesel. Biodiesel can be made by transesterification process of vegetable oils. Process of making biodiesel commonly use homogeneous catalyst which has the disadvantage the formation of by products such as complexity of the separation of catalyst. Therefore, in this study biodiesel was synthesized from calophyllum inophyllum oil by using geopolymer catalyst. Geopolymer catalyst is first synthesized by reacting sodium silicate, metakaolin, NaOH, and water. Several variations of the process variables were done to assess its influence on yield of biodiesel. The variables were used consist of a dependent variables and independent variables. The dependent variables were calophyllum inophyllum oil weight of 50 grams, 3%-wt of catalyst concentration, reaction time of 120 minutes, and stirring speed of 400 rpm, while the independent variables which variation molar ratio of oil:methanol 1:6 and 1:9 and variations of temperature 55 and 65 oC. Physical characterization were done including density 871 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity 4.38 mm2/s, acid number 0.41 mg-KOH/g biodiesel and flash point 140°C respectively accordance with the standards of Indonesian biodiesel (SNI 7182:2015).Keywords: biodiesel, catalyst, calophyllum inophyllum oil, geopolymer, yield
Karakteristik Dielektrik Campuran Gas Karbondioksida (CO2) Dengan Nitrogen (N2) Dibawah Terpaan Medan Tinggi DC Polaritas Negatif Prasetyo, Yansyah; Murdiya, Fri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5, No 1 (2018): Wisuda April Tahun 2018
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Gas insulating material commonly used in electrical system is SF6 gas. SF6 gas is used as an insulator material in electrical system in transfer heat. However, SF6 gas is not environmentally friendly, and triggers the increase of global warming so it is necessary to conduct research to get other gas insulators as alternative materials such as gas Carbondioxide (CO2) and Nitrogen (N2). This study discusses the dielectric characteristics of a mixture of Carbondioxide (CO2) gas with Nitrogen (N2) under electrical stress (high voltage negative polarity). The study used spherical electrodes and needles with varying gap distances and we compared the gas breakdown voltage with ratio 25% CO2 : 75% N2, 50% CO2 : 50% N2, and 75% CO2 : 25% N2 respectively. The purpose this research is to find the maximum breakdown voltage for several ratio gases. From the test result obtained breakdown voltage in negative polarity is smaller than positive polarity. We also attempted the gases breakdown voltage 70 trials and it was indicated that the breakdown voltage varied -78,69 kV until -105 kV. The maximum discharge current recorded by an osciloscope was -104 A in 50% CO2 : 50% N2 ratio.Keywords : electrode, mixture insulation gas, polarity efect, dielectric power, negative polarity, breakdown voltage
Perancangan Dan Analisis Struktur Mekanik Prototipe Laser Cutting Ramadhani, Hafiz; Syafri, Syafri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5, No 1 (2018): Wisuda April Tahun 2018
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Laser Cutting machine is a machine that uses a laser beam to cut or carve a particular material. This machine is aimed at small and medium enterprises (UKM) to produce creative products such as decoration, handicrafts, accessories and more. Previously it has been produced some machines that use lasers as cutting tools, but some of the table is very difficult to by UKM, because the price is expensive. In order to fulfill the needs of UKM for cheapest Laser Cutting machines, this research can be obtained Laser Cutting machine with the same function but with an affordable price. In the design process used Autodesk Inventor 2015 software as well as analysis of structural strength in this design. In the analysis process was done with 2 ways, with manual calculations and simulation using Autodesk Inventor 2015. Then from the calculation were results obtained voltage that occurs on the y-axis = 0.21 MPa on the x-axis 1.05 MPa then deflection that occurs on the y-axis = 1.67.10-3 and on the x-axis = 5.9 .10-2. Therefore, in this research is revealed a safe category of machine Laser Cutting machine.Keywords : Laser Cutting machine, stress, deformation
Analisis Biaya Dan Produktivitas Pemakaian Alat Berat Pada Kegiatan Pembangunan Jalan Akses Siak IV Pekanbaru Nugraha, Devid; Iriana, Rian Trikomara; Djuniati, Sri
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5, No 1 (2018): Wisuda April Tahun 2018
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Abstract

Road construction requires heavy equipment in its work, one of them is road layer. Heavy equipments which currently use is dump truck, excavator, motor greder, water tank truck, tandem roller and wheel loader. The number of heavy equipment to itemized work selected heap, Class B aggregate and A class aggregate are 1 unit excavator, 1 unit wheel loader, 15 unit dump trucks, 1 unit grader motor, 2 unit tandem rollers, 1 unit water tank, selected heap work which use the provisions of the owner is 9 days and the contractor 11 days, class B aggregate work using the provisions of the owner are 7 days and 9 days contractor, A class aggregate work using the provisions of the owner are 5 days and 7 days contractor. The differences in the cost of heavy equipment is Rp.121.650.532 or higher by using contractor's heavy equipment. To determine the heavy equipment with a more efficient cost with a saving percentage of 12.93% then, the contractor must meet the provisions made by the owner with the economical life tool, the condition of the machine and eligible labor.Keywords : Cost analysis, heavy equipment, productivity, road layer
Analisis Keandalan Sistem Proteksi Kebakaran Pada Bangunan Ayola First Point Hotel Pekanbaru Wulandari, Bheti; Trikomara, Rian
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5, No 1 (2018): Wisuda April Tahun 2018
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This study is intended to determine the value systems of fire and building safety reliability of Ayola First Point Building of Hotel Pekanbaru in case of fire. Questionnaire of this study was done twice. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used for the first questionnaire in order to find out the weighting of fire variable which covers the completeness of its siting, rescuing utilities, passive protection system and active protection system. The second questionnaire used check-list method based on Minister Rules for General Work Number 26 Year 2008 in order to obtain the building’s reliability value in case of fire. The results for the said value for Ayola First Point of Hotel Pekanbaru using AHP and check-list method are, respectively, 91,93% and 91,45%. Therefore, it is concluded that the building’s safety system in case of fire is in “Good” condition.Keywords: Fire, Reliability, AHP
Sintesis ZSM-5 Menggunakan Silika Presipitasi Dari Fly Ash Pabrik CPO Saputra, Rio; Saputra, Edy; Yelmida, Yelmida
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5, No 1 (2018): Wisuda April Tahun 2018
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Abstract

Palm fly ash is waste in the palm oil industry. Palm fly ash has high content of silica. ZSM-5 is one of synthetic zeolite which used as catalyst. It can be synthesized from silica and alumina using hidrothermal method. Source of silica that can be used to ZSM-5 synthesis are sodium silicate, gelled silica and precipitated silica. the purpose of this research is to synthesis ZSM-5 using precipitated silica hydrothermally. The result was analyzed using FTIR. ZSM-5 can be synthesized using precipitated silica hydrothermally. Based on infrared spectrum,the product synthesis shows four characteristic of ZSM-5 characters.Key words : fly ash, silica, hydrothermal and ZSM-5
Analisis Keandalan Transformator Daya 70/20 KV Di PT.PLN (Persero) P3BS GI Sukamerindu Berdasarkan Hasil Pengujian Isolasi Minyak DGA (Dissolved Gas Analysis) Menggunakan Metode Markov Afrizon, Hergo; Firdaus, Firdaus
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5, No 1 (2018): Wisuda April Tahun 2018
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Power transformer plays a very important role in the electric transmission system to convert the voltage level of the system. An abnormal operation of power transformer can decrease its reliability. The most common cause of abnormal operation in power transformer is oil damage. Markov method is applied using Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) test from transformer oil to determine transformer’s insulation resistance and breakdown voltage. Continuous Markov method is applied to determine steady-state and inntantaneous conditions that occur in the transformer’s oil. Furthermore, Markov process the power transformer must satisfy certain requirements such as lack of memory and stationery or homogeny. After all requirements are met, then the value of each transfer rates and transition times are determined for transformer reliability and availability calculations transition matrix by using rate of failure (λ), rate of improvement (μ), the stead-state value of transition matrix. The sum of all incident condition value, failure rate and rate of improvement are considered as transformer reliability. The result of Markov continuous analysis obtained the transformer reliability for total Dissolved Combustible Gases (TDCG) parameter for initial operation is 0.99 and it decreased to 0.60 after 365 days of operation. The transformer reliability decreased to 39% for 365 days of operation. Furthermore, the transformer availability for duriation of 302 days are considered as good condition for all TDCG gas parameter and not good for 61 days.Keywords : Oil Testing Transformer DGA (Dissolved Gas Analysis), Isolation Resistance and Breakdown Voltage, Markov Continuous Method.
Nilai Slump, Porositas Dan Kuat Tekan Beton OPC Dan OPC RHA Untuk Aplikasi Di Lingkungan Gambut Alfadh, Mhd Raja; Kamaldi, Alfian; Olivia, Monita
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5, No 1 (2018): Wisuda April Tahun 2018
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The aggressive environment, especially the peat environment contains many chemicals that can unravel the elements in the concrete, causing damage to the concrete. This study examines the strength and physical properties of OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) concrete and OPC RHA (Rice Husk Ash) concrete exposed in peat environments. RHA as one of pozzolan with high silica is used as a replacement of cement with the substitution of 5% and 10%. This concrete are tested mechanically and physically such as compressive strength and porosity tests after soaking in peat canals for 28 days, in addition to fresh concrete tests such as workability. The concrete strength of the planned concrete is K-250. The peat water used as a test immersion medium has a pH of 3.5-4.5. The results of fresh concrete testing show that the addition of RHA makes the workability decreases. The lowest workability was obtained from a mix containing 10% RHA. The OPC concrete has the highest compressive strength of 20,28 MPa. Porosity of OPC RHA concrete decreased with increase in curing time. The lowest porosity is shown by OPC RHA 10% concrete. Based on the results of the test, it is concluded that the replacement of cement by RHA, has a positive effect on all physical properties of concrete.Keywords: Peat Environtment, OPC, RHA, Compressive strength, Physical Properties
Isolasi Kitin Dari Limbah Cangkang Kepiting Bakau (Scylla Olivacea) Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Natrium Hidroksida Dan Suhu Pada Proses Pembuatan Serbuk Kitin Darmiyati, Siti; Drastinawati, Drastinawati; Yusnimar, Yusnimar
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5, No 1 (2018): Wisuda April Tahun 2018
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Chitin is poly (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β(1,4)-D-glucopyranose). Chitin can be isolated through several stages of chitin powder production, demineralization stage and bleaching stage. The purpose of this study is to learn the effect of concentration of sodium hydroxide and temperature in the process of chitin powder production, analyze chitin by using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectrophotometer and determining moisture content, ash content and yield. The research procedure begins with crab shell waste size reduction into a powder size. The process of chitin powder production was carried out using concentration of NaOH variations (2.5%, 3.5% and 4.5%) and temperature (550C, 650C dan 750C), the ratio of 1:10 (w/v) for 2 hours and stirring speed 150 rpm, then demineralization process using HCl 1.5 N, the ratio of 1:15 (w/v) for 1 hour and stirring speed 150 rpm, then bleaching process using 4% NaOCl, the ratio of 1:15 (w/v) for 1 hour. The results showed that the higher concentration of NaOH and temperature, the yield, the water content and the resulting ash content were lower at 4.5% NaOH concentration and 750C at 15.54%, 4.13% and 0.5%. Based on the results of the obtained FTIR showed that the residue from isolation was chitin.Keywords: bleaching, crab shells, demineralization, FTIR, chitin.
Analisis Faktor Dominan Penyebab Terjadinya Pembengkakan Biaya (Cost Overrun) Pada Proyek Konstruksi Gedung Pemerintah Di Kota Pekanbaru Saputra, Deri Afriza; Iriana, Rian Tri Komara; Sebayang, Mardani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5, No 1 (2018): Wisuda April Tahun 2018
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Abstract

The implementation of construction especially in Pekanbaru City, the cost factor is the first consideration because of the usually involves the amount of investment that is great for a assignor. Therefore, the cost of the project should manage by a good way that the possibility of swelling (cost overruns) can be minimized. The purpose of this research is to analyze the most dominant factors causing the swelling of costs (cost overrun) at the construction of government building projects in Pekanbaru City. The data collection was done by distributed questionnaires to small contractors in Pekanbaru area. The data collected were analyzed by using validity and reliability test, analysis factor, classical assumption test and multiple linear Regression This data processing by using computer program SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) version 24. From the results of analysis obtained the most dominant factors causing the swelling of costs (cost overrun) in the government building construction project in Pekanbaru city consists of: part of planning and implementation that so many projects are handled simultaneously, the part of coordination of resources, that the shortage of labor. The portion control which is a way of payment that is not timely.Keywords: cost, cost overrun, dominant factor.

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