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Poetika: Jurnal Ilmu Sastra
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 23385383     EISSN : 25034642     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v2i2.10445
Core Subject : Humanities, Art,
Arts Humanities
POETIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Sastra publishes academic articles within the scope of literary criticism (limited to poem, prose, drama, oral tradition, and philology). The articles cover the form of a result on specific analysis; academic reports; closed reading; and the application of certain theories to enrich literary study.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Sastra dan Teori Sastra
Articles 186 Documents
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Konstruksi Kegilaan dalam Novel Lady Audley's Secret Karya Mary Elizabeth Braddon Zietha Arlamanda Asri
POETIKA Vol 8, No 1 (2020): Issue 1
Publisher : Literary Studies, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v8i1.56544

Abstract

Permasalahan mengenai kegilaan sering menjadi tema para penulis sastra. Tema ini juga banyak hadir di karya sastra pada era Victoria. Para penulis besar menghadirkan narasi mengenai para perempuan yang berstrategi untuk menghindari budaya patriarki, namun tidak ingin dijebloskan ke dalam suaka. Hal ini juga terjadi pada karakter utama dalam novel Lady Audley’s Secret (1862) karya Mary Elizabeth Braddon. Lucy Graham tumbuh dalam kemiskinan, ia sangat peduli dengan peningkatan status sosial dan keuangannya. Fakta bahwa ibunya dilembagakan karena kegilaan juga telah menghantui Lucy sepanjang waktu. Dia menikahi orang-orang kaya seperti George Talboys dan Robert Audley, namun berakhir dengan budaya patriarki yang sangat keras yang membawanya pada kegilaan. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana tokoh Lucy dikonstruksi menjadi “orang gila” dalam pandangan masyarakat Victoria. Untuk menjawab permasalahan penelitian, penulis menggunakan analisis tekstual sebagai metode penelitiannya. Teori yang digunakan untuk membantu analisis yakni perspektif yang diusulkan oleh Foucault mengenai konstruksi kegilaanyang terjadi pada subjek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindakan yang manipulatif serta culas yang dilakukan oleh Lucy dinilai sebagai suatu kegilaan dan tidak sesuai dengan norma serta nilai pada era tersebut. Pada akhirnya ia pun dimasukkan ke dalam rumah sakit jiwa dan meninggal di dalamnya.Kata Kunci: Kegilaan, Foucault, Lady Audley’s Secret, Mary Elizabeth Braddon The issue of madness is often the main focus of the writers. The theme of madness is also present in many literary works in the Victorian era. Major writers present narratives about women who have a strategy to avoid patriotic culture, but do not want to be thrown into asylum. Those also happened to the main character in the novel Lady Audley’s Secret (1862) by Mary Elizabeth Braddon. Lucy Graham grew up in poverty; she was very concerned with improving her social and financial status. The fact that his mother was institutionalized by insanity had haunted Lucy all the time. She married wealthy people such George Talboys and Robert Audley, but ended up with a very strict patriarchal culture which brought her to madness. Thus, this study aims to find out how Lucy's character is constructed to become a "crazy person" in the view of Victorian society. To answer the research problem, this study uses textual analysis as its research method. The theory used to help the analysis is the perspective proposed by Foucault regarding the construction of madness that occurs on the subject. The results show that manipulative and nasty actions committed by Lucy were considered as insanity and not in accordance with the norms and values of the era. In the end she was put into asylum and died in it.Keywords: Madness, Foucault, Lady Audley’s Secret, Mary Elizabeth Braddon
French Literature: From Realism to Magical Realism Ali Shahab; Faruk Faruk; Arif Rokhman
POETIKA Vol 8, No 2 (2020): Issue 2
Publisher : Literary Studies, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v8i2.58651

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to explore the evolution of French literature between the late 19th century and early 21st century. Although French literature has long been dominated by rationalistic ways of thinking, based on the thoughts of René Descartes and John Locke, authors have used different means to express their perceptions of society. The novel Madame Bovary (1856), including its depiction of conjugal relationships, can be considered to have pioneered realism in French literature. During the Second World War, existentialism and absurdism appeared as new ways of examining not only the relationship among humans, but also between humans and God. In the late 20th century, magical realism emerged as a new literary stream that explicitly recognized the irrationality of human thinking. This article finds that the rationality of realism was necessary for magical realism to be accepted; in this rationality, although works of magical realism were irrational, they had to be recognized as fine examples of French literature that embodied such revolutionary ideas as liberté (liberty), égalité (equality), and fraternité (fraternity). To study this phenomenon, we examine the history of french literature by applying archeological method in order to understand the world views of the authors and how they change over time.
Writing as Witnessing, Poetry as Agency of Aid: The Five Poems from Typhoon Yolanda Relief Anthologies Vac Ann C. Dadia
POETIKA Vol 8, No 2 (2020): Issue 2
Publisher : Literary Studies, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v8i2.59485

Abstract

The strong typhoon Yolanda (international name: Haiyan), which buffeted the central Philippine region on November 2013 spurred the publication of several relief anthologies, so-called because they were primarily intended to raise funds for the disaster victims. This paper argues that as a distinct method of volunteerism, the poems that comprise the Yolanda relief anthologies are ecopoems which not only bear intrinsic ecological themes that confront an environment in crisis but also embody what Filipino poet Luisa A. Igloria describes as a "work of witness and deep engagement" in a time of climate and humanitarian crisis. In analyzing the five poems from two Yolanda relief anthologies, namely, Agam: Filipino Narratives on Uncertainty and Climate Change and Verses Typhoon Yolanda: A Storm of Filipino Poets, this paper utilizes the theories developed by the Filipino poets who are themselves contributors to these relief anthologies, specifically on how poetry is an act of witnessing and functions as an agency of symbolic aid. The findings contribute to the discourse on ethical literature and thus suggest that the existing brand of Philippine ecopoetry allows for poems that articulate empathic and hopeful agency towards climate-related disaster survivors.
Ecological Awareness Reconstruction in Kuntowijoyo’s Novel Mantra Pejinak Ular Andwi Sulistiyo
POETIKA Vol 8, No 2 (2020): Issue 2
Publisher : Literary Studies, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v8i2.59809

Abstract

Environmental issues have become a topic of discussion in the last few decades. Kuntowijoyo, a well-known novelist in Indonesia, also pays serious attention to the environmental issues through his literary works. This study uses a critical discourse analysis method with an ecocritical approach to reveal and explain the forms of ecological awareness reconstruction which are contained in Kuntowijoyo's novel Mantra Pejinak Ular. The results are as follows. Reconstructions are carried out from a perspective, a way of behaving, a mode of transportation, a model of recreation, and an investment model towards the environment. (1) The reconstruction of the perspective is carried out by rebuilding human consciousness to build harmony with nature. (2) The reconstruction of how to behave is carried out by prioritizing actions to preserve nature. (3) The reconstruction of transportation mode is carried out by warding off the bad social stigma of natural transportation modes. (4) The reconstruction of the recreation model is carried out by enjoying the beauty of animals without cutting them off from their original habitat. (5) The reconstruction of the investment model is carried out by applying an investment model with an ecological perspective that prioritizes environmental sustainability as a legacy for future generations.
Struggle for Seeking Knowledge in A Foreign Country in Ahmed Shawqi's Syuhadā’ul-`Ilmi wal-Gharbah: A Semiotic Analysis Eva Farhah
POETIKA Vol 8, No 2 (2020): Issue 2
Publisher : Literary Studies, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v8i2.60169

Abstract

This research aims to reveal the semiotic meaning contained in the poem entitled Syuhadā’ul-`Ilmi wal-Gharbah written by Ahmed Shawqi. Shawqi saw and observed the conditions of the Egyptian people at that time who were experiencing difficulties, sorrow, poverty, ignorance, and British colonialism. Therefore, the Egyptian government sent young people to western countries to study in the hope that after returning to Egypt, they could build their country and nation. In order to reveal the semiotic meaning contained in the poem entitled Syuhadā’ul-`Ilmi wal-Gharbah, the semiotic theory was used through methods of heuristic reading and hermeneutic reading or retroactive reading. Meanwhile, the reading technique was conducted by reading one by one or reading gradually from the heuristic reading to the hermeneutic reading or retroactive reading. The results of the research indicated that knowledge was one of the ways to solve the problems of poverty, ignorance, and resistance to British colonialism in Egypt. However, in reality, young Egyptians who were sent to western countries had accidents and killed them. Therefore, Shawqi emphasized that Egyptian youths remained patient and enthusiastic about seeking knowledge in a foreign country in order to build their state and nation in the future.
The Gender Equality Struggles in The Novel of Perempuan Berkalung Sorban and Gadis Pantai Moh Muzakka; Suyanto Suyanto
POETIKA Vol 8, No 2 (2020): Issue 2
Publisher : Literary Studies, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v8i2.60528

Abstract

The struggling of gender equalities was discussed often in various disciplines and discourses, a part is in literature. This paper analyzes the gender equalities struggle in two novels: Abidah El-Khalieqy’s Perempuan Berkalung Surban and Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Gadis Pantai. El-Khalieqy is a woman who has runs a pesantren “educational institute with a Moslem background” and Toer is a man who favors a nationalistic-socialist ideology, with an emphasis on literary realism. A literary -sociological and a feminist critical approach were used in analyzing both novels. The result of the analysis shows that gender struggle in the novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban is caused by male oppression of women based on the explanation and interpretation of very patriarchal verses from the Al Qur’an (Islam religion). The gender struggle in novel Gadis Pantai is caused by male oppression of women based on feudalistic traditions, the woman as private property of men. Being placed in this feudalistic position, women then respond with struggles for equality.
POWER RELATIONS ON FEMALE BODY IN SENO GUMIRA AJIDARMA’S SHORT STORY Sulistya Ningtyas
POETIKA Vol 9, No 1 (2021): Issue 1
Publisher : Literary Studies, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v9i1.56477

Abstract

This study explored the practice of power relations and the panopticon as a disciplinary mechanism in Seno Gumira Ajidarma’s Istana Tembok Bolong short story. ‘Istana tembok bolong’ in this literary work refers to a place near a train station that is separated from the outside area by a perforated wall, which turns to be a palace for the lower class of society occupying the space. By using Foucauldian analysis, this study examined the case of ‘selling matches’ as the central issue of the story being discussed. This phenomenon that occurred in Yogyakarta in the 1970s became the media of the manifestation of power over street prostitutes. The results showed that power relations operate as a means to control the body, particularly female bodies. This is because female bodies become commodities as a result of capitalism. However, in a certain situation, these street prostitutes can also hold power in a way how their bodies are enjoyed. Besides, social norms outside the palace function as a panopticon that makes the inhabitants have self-awareness as they feel constantly monitored. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi praktik relasi kuasa dan panoptikon sebagai mekanisme pendisiplinan dalam cerita pendek Istana Tembok Bolong karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma. ‘Istana tembok bolong’ dalam karya sastra ini merujuk pada sebuah tempat di dekat stasiun kereta api yang terpisahkan dari area luarnya oleh dinding yang berlubang, yang dianggap sebagai istana oleh masyarakat kelas bawah yang menempati ruang tersebut. Dengan menggunakan analisis Foucauldian, penelitian ini melihat fenomena ‘jual korek api’, yang merupakan isu utama dari cerita yang dibahas di sini. Fenomena yang terjadi di Yogyakarta pada tahun 1970-an tersebut menjadi media perwujudan kuasa terhadap pekerja seks jalanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa relasi kuasa beroperasi sebagai alat untuk mengendalikan tubuh, terutama tubuh perempuan. Hal ini karena tubuh perempuan menjadi komoditas sebagai akibat dari kapitalisme. Namun, dalam situasi tertentu, pekerja seks jalanan tersebut juga dapat memegang kekuasaan terkait bagaimana tubuh mereka dinikmati. Selain itu, norma-norma sosial di luar istana berfungsi sebagai panoptikon yang membuat penghuninya memiliki kesadaran diri karena mereka merasa terus-menerus diawasi.
THE REPRESENTATION OF INDONESIAN WOMEN IN CONTEMPORARY TRAVEL WRITING: A STUDY OF DISCOURSE ON GENDER AND TRAVEL WRITING Akmal Jaya; Mochamad Rizqi Adhi Pratama
POETIKA Vol 9, No 1 (2021): Issue 1
Publisher : Literary Studies, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v9i1.60700

Abstract

This research aims to examine the representation of Indonesian women in contemporary travel writings. The rise of globalization has challenged the domination of discourses that tend to place Indonesian women in the subordinate position. However, the challenge does not warrant a symmetrical relation between genders, as it sometimes blurs the relation as a result of clashes between discourses. This study, then, provides an overview of how discourses have shaped the representation of Indonesian women by revealing images that appear explicitly and implicitly in travel stories. Using the Foucauldian discourse analysis approach allowed the writers to exclude subjects, objects, and meanings to discover a comprehensive web of image construction. This research found that Indonesian women’s representation is stuck in an ambiguous position as it strives to be an independent individual subject. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan representasi perempuan Indonesia melalui cerita perjalanan kontemporer. Pada dasarnya, globalisasi telah menantang kuasa hegemoni wacana yang cenderung menempatkan perempuan Indonesia pada posisi kedua. Akan tetapi, hal tersebut tidak menjamin kesetaraan antara hubungan gender, melainkan terkadang menjadikannya semakin kabur sebagai konsekuensi adanya pertentangan antar wacana. Kajian ini memberikan gambaran bagaimana wacana membentuk representasi perempuan Indonesia dengan menunjukkan citra-citra yang hadir secara eksplisit maupun implisit dalam cerita perjalanan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis Foucauldian memberikan sebuah kemungkinan kepada kita untuk memisahkan antara subjek, objek dan makna dan untuk menemukan jaring-jaring konstruksi citra yang komprehensif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa representasi perempuan Indonesia terjebak dalam posisi yang ambigu yang tampaknya mencoba untuk hadir sebagai subjek independen.
MYTH AND FOLKLORE EMBODIMENT IN THE FEMALE PROTAGONISTS OF CONTEMPORARY FICTIONS: A READING OF THE SHIVA TRILOGY AND BULBBUL PRASADITA L RAVEENDRAN
POETIKA Vol 9, No 1 (2021): Issue 1
Publisher : Literary Studies, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v9i1.60734

Abstract

The collective consciousness of a community is tremendously shaped by myths and folktales passed on from generation to generation. With the publication of Joseph Campbell's book The Hero with a Thousand Faces, the idea of the hero and his journey took a giant leap, allowing the commoner's life narratives to be equated with the mythical journey. This study analyzes how mythology is demythified and symbolically represented in two of India's famous narratives, a novel series Shiva Trilogy by Amish Tripathi and an “over-the-top” (OTT) film Bulbbul by Anvita Dutt. The objects of this research are Indian mythological narratives about Goddess Shakti and her various manifestations — Durga, Kali, Sati, and Parvati — whose respective nature and purpose differ vastly from one another. Through the qualitative research method, the paper shows that the reader/viewer has well-received the interweaving of myth with contemporary fiction. It has given way to a change in diegesis, from the predominantly male-hero-focused outline to a female-driven narrative. The myth-bound heroines thus represent the power to break the shackles of patriarchy and normative culture, allowing an area for women to radicalize themselves through bold actions. Kesadaran kolektif suatu komunitas sangat bergantung pada mitos dan cerita rakyat yang diturunkan dari generasi ke generasi. Dengan diterbitkannya  The Hero with a Thousand Faces karya Joseph Campbell, gagasan tentang pahlawan dan perjalanannya memungkinkan narasi kehidupan orang biasa untuk disejajarkan dengan perjalanan mitos. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana mitologi didemistifikasi dan secara simbolis direpresentasikan dalam dua narasi terkenal India, yakni serial novel Shiva Trilogy karya Amish Tripathi dan film “over-the-top” (OTT) Bulbbul karya Anvita Dutt.  Objek penelitian ini adalah narasi mitologi India tentang Dewi Shakti dan berbagai manifestasinya — Durga, Kali, Sati, dan Parvati — yang sifat dan tujuannya masing-masing sangat berbeda satu sama lain.  Melalui metode penelitian kualitatif, ditemukan; 1) pembaca/pemirsa telah menerima dengan baik jalinan mitos dengan fiksi kontemporer; 2) memberi jalan pada perubahan diegesis, dari garis besar yang berfokus pada pahlawan pria menjadi narasi yang digerakkan oleh wanita; 3) para tokoh wanita yang terikat mitos, mematahkan belenggu patriarki dan budaya normatif, memungkinkan area bagi perempuan untuk meradikalisasi diri mereka sendiri melalui tindakan yang berani.
NON-AMERICAN BLACK WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT: A FOURTH-WAVE FEMINISM STUDY ON CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE’S AMERICANAH Maria Ardianti Kurnia Sari; Nur Saktiningrum
POETIKA Vol 9, No 1 (2021): Issue 1
Publisher : Literary Studies, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v9i1.61193

Abstract

Racial issues have been a big problem in the United States of America since the slavery era. Although racism still exists in its society, many people are still migrating to America. For example, non-American Black women go there to try their luck to get a better education, a better job, and a better standard of living. However, some of them experience racism and gender inequality at work, as well as everywhere else in American society. Nevertheless, these experiences of racism and inequality may well be what motivates them to gain empowerment and gender equality. The qualitative method is used in this research. The primary source is a novel by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie titled Americanah (2013). The secondary sources to support this analysis are books, journals, articles, videos, and current news related to the issues. Post-nationalist studies by John Rowe, transnationalism studies by Steven Vertovec, fourth-wave feminism ideas from Nikola Rivers and Prudence Chamberlain, and Black women’s empowerment studies by Sheila Radford-Hill and Patricia Hill Collins are used to analyze the data. The results of this research are: first, there are measures taken by non-American Black women to gain empowerment in the US, which begin with their aspirations to obtain acceptance in society. Second, the redefinition of gender equality through education, employment, and social changes leads to the acceptance of non-American Black women in society. The acceptance and empowerment become evidence of gender equality in education, employment, and social life. Isu rasisme menjadi salah satu masalah besar di Amerika Serikat sejak masa perbudakan. Meskipun rasisme masih terjadi, tetapi tidak sedikit imigran yang datang dan menetap. Wanita kulit hitam dari luar Amerika datang untuk mendapat pendidikan, pekerjaan, dan hidup layak. Tetapi, tidak sedikit mendapatkan rasisme dan ketidaksetaraan gender di dalam dan masyarakat. Dengan demikian, rasisme dan ketidaksetaraan memotivasi wanita kulit hitam non-Amerika untuk memperoleh pemberdayaan dan kesetaraan gender. Metode kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sumber pertama, novel karya Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie berjudul Americanah (2013). Sumber kedua untuk mendukung analisis diambil dari beberapa buku, jurnal, artikel, video, dan berita yang berhubungan dengan isu yang dibahas. Beberapa teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis, yakni teori pos-nasionalis dari John Rowe, transnasionalisme dari Steven Vertovec, feminisme gelombang keempat dari Nikola Rivers dan Prudence Chamberlain, dan pemberdayaan perempuan berkulit hitam dari Sheila Radford-Hill dan Patricia Hill Collins. Berdasarkan hasil analisa, pertama, pemberdayaan wanita kulit hitam non-Amerika dimulai dari perjuangan mereka untuk mendapatkan pemberdayaan dari masyarakat. Proses perjuangan dan keberanian yang menuntun mereka untuk bisa beradaptasi dengan situasi di Amerika. Kedua, mendefinisikan kesetaraan gender dalam dunia pendidikan, pekerjaan, dan perubahan sosial. Beberapa dampak pemberdayaan menjadi bukti pencapaian kesetaraan gender dalam dunia pendidikan, pekerjaan, dan perubahan kehidupan sosial.

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