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Poetika: Jurnal Ilmu Sastra
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 23385383     EISSN : 25034642     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v2i2.10445
Core Subject : Humanities, Art,
Arts Humanities
POETIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Sastra publishes academic articles within the scope of literary criticism (limited to poem, prose, drama, oral tradition, and philology). The articles cover the form of a result on specific analysis; academic reports; closed reading; and the application of certain theories to enrich literary study.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Sastra dan Teori Sastra
Articles 192 Documents
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Racism in the 20th Century, Reflected through Nella Larsen’s Passing Puspitasari, Anggi
POETIKA Vol 13, No 2 (2025): Issue 2
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v13i2.95447

Abstract

During the Jim Crow era, the artistic and literary movement known as the Harlem Renaissance emerged. Black writers and artists of the time voiced their concerns about racial discrimination and explored their identities and experiences through their work. Literature became a medium through which racial conditions in the 20th century were voiced. Therefore, this research aims to analyze how Nella Larsen’s Passing (1929) represents racism in America in the 20th century. This novel tells the story of two mixed-race women, Irene Redfield and Clare Kendry, who grew up together but took different paths in life. Irene embraces her African American identity, while Clare “passes” as white and lives in “white” society. To answer the research question, the researcher used Hall’s representation theory. Representation is a perspective in reading a text that connects meaning, language, and culture. In other words, representation is the production of meaning through language. Through language as a medium for conveying information, new ideas will be formed and communicated in ways that can be accepted and understood by other people. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with primary data from the novel and secondary data from books, theses, journals, articles, and online sources. The findings show Passing by Larsen illustrates the Jim Crow laws and internal racism that influenced the lives and choices of Black individuals in 20th-century America. This novel also portrays the dilemma faced by Black individuals in choosing between living under a system of segregation or trying to “pretend” to be white people to gain privileges. This research provides new insight into the complexities of 20th-century racism and its effects on the everyday lives of Black individuals. 
The Subversion of Ageism And Sisterhood in Diana Wynne Jones’ Howl's Moving Castle Januaristi, Khairiyah Eka; Novinda, Kushardiyanti; Jiwandono, Daud
POETIKA Vol 13, No 2 (2025): Issue 2
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v13i2.108024

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the subversion of ageism and female identity in Jones’ Howl Moving Castle through the lens of deconstruction and postmodern feminism. This novel challenges Young Adult Literature (YAL) conventions, where protagonists are typically young. On the contrary, Sophie Hatter is cursed by a witch into an older woman, but instead discovers agency, confidence, and self-worth. Collected data related to the contestation of ageist and patriarchal assumptions are then investigated carefully using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The findings of this study suggest that the narrative demonstrates fluidity of identity, not strictly defined by age transformation and biological ties of sisterhood. Elements of fantasy employed in this novel function as more than a genre, allowing for fluid identity, which facilitates emotional support and mutual empowerment, rather than female rivalry. Through Sophie’s metamorphosis and the symbolism of the ever-moving castle, the fantasy setting operates as a critical space that redefines freedom, agency, and female solidarity beyond patriarchal and ageist constraints. Resisting age, gender, and identity stereotypes, this novel successfully expands the issues of representation in YAL. It establishes the possibility that fantasy, as a genre, is a powerful medium for critique and redefinition of age, identity, and sisterhood.
Mobility of Time and Transportation in Deogracias A. Rosario’s "Greta Garbo" Quilantang, Kimberly Nicole Panis
POETIKA Vol 13, No 2 (2025): Issue 2
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v13i2.108150

Abstract

This study examines Deogracias A. Rosario’s “Greta Garbo” through a symbolic and spatial-temporal analysis to explore the tensions of Filipino identity under American colonial influence. Employing a close textual reading method grounded in postcolonial theory—particularly Homi Bhabha’s concept of colonial mimicry and Michel Foucault’s notion of heterotopias—the research investigates how the narrative constructs and deconstructs identities shaped by modernization and Westernization. The protagonist, Monina Vargas, idolizes the Hollywood actress Greta Garbo and undertakes a train journey to meet her lover, Octavio Razon. This movement metaphorically embodies her oscillation between colonial illusion and disillusionment. The train functions not only as a literal vehicle of transportation but also as a metaphorical site of psychological transformation and cultural negotiation. Temporal markers such as the ticking clock and the train’s motion highlight Monina’s internal conflict, emphasizing the fleeting nature of her colonial aspirations. The study underscores the psychological displacement resulting from emulating foreign ideals by contextualizing spatial movement between Manila and Baguio (Bagyo) as a symbolic confrontation with colonial reality. Rosario’s use of the train and temporal motifs critiques the pervasive reach of Americanization in shaping Filipino consciousness, portraying the fragility of identities constructed on borrowed symbols. This analysis situates “Greta Garbo” within the broader discourse of Philippine literature during the American colonial period, illustrating how literature becomes a medium for articulating the contradictions of colonial modernity. Ultimately, the study contributes to ongoing conversations on mobility, cultural displacement, and identity formation in colonial and postcolonial contexts.
The Instability of Meaning: Deconstructing Visual Beauty in Seno Gumira’s “Gubrak!” Wardani, Diah Ayu; Noor, Redyanto; Suryadi, Muhammad; Widyatwati, Ken
POETIKA Vol 13, No 2 (2025): Issue 2
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v13i2.110685

Abstract

This study examines the representation of female beauty in Seno Gumira Ajidarma’s short story Gubrak! through Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction approach. The short story tells the story of a woman with extraordinary beauty who causes mass panic, social chaos, and the destruction of the city. The main character experiences psychological burdens and alienation due to excessive social judgment of her physical appearance. The main issue examined is how the short story deconstructs conventional standards of beauty that have been legitimized by patriarchal views and visual culture. Using Jacques Derrida’s theory of deconstruction, this study examines how the text shakes the stable meaning of “beautiful” attached to women’s bodies based on the binary oppositions. The method used is qualitative descriptive analysis with deconstructive reading techniques. The analysis was conducted by identifying linguistic, narrative, and symbolic signs that indicate the instability of the meaning of “beautiful.” The results of the analysis show that beauty in the short story Gubrak! is not presented as a symbol of glory or happiness, but rather as a source of suffering and destruction. The meaning of “beautiful” in this text is not fixed and essential, but rather full of differences and contradictions. Excessive beauty causes alienation, social burdens, and collective chaos, thereby challenging patriarchal assumptions that worship physical beauty as a measure of a woman’s value. Thus, Gubrak! represents a critique of visual cultural constructs that reduce women to objects of gaze and affirms the function of literature as a space of resistance against the domination of singular meanings.
Reinterpreting Narcissism: Sherlock Holmes in Doyle’s “The Final Problem” and BBC’s “The Reichenbach Fall” Humaira, Dhea; Ashfira, Kartika Dina
POETIKA Vol 13, No 2 (2025): Issue 2
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v13i2.111179

Abstract

Sherlock Holmes, a famous figure in popular culture, has been continually reinterpreted across different mediums and eras. This study analyzes narcissism in Arthur Conan Doyle’s “The Final Problem” (1893) and its modern adaptation, the BBC series Sherlock, particularly the episode “The Reichenbach Fall” (2012). Using Sigmund Freud’s theory of narcissism, the study examines three core traits of Sherlock’s character: megalomania, lack of empathy, and the need for admiration. Freud’s concepts of primary and secondary narcissism serve as the theoretical framework. The study uses a qualitative approach using an intertextual method to compare the narrative structures, character portrayals, and thematic elements of the two works. The findings reveal that Doyle’s portrayal of Sherlock aligns with Victorian ideals of heroism and intellectual superiority, framing narcissism as a functional trait that aids in his pursuit of justice. In contrast, “The Reichenbach Fall” explores Sherlock’s vulnerabilities, focusing on the emotional consequences of his actions and the collapse of his carefully constructed public image. These differences highlight the evolution of Sherlock’s narcissism from a utilitarian trait in Doyle’s work to a multidimensional characteristic reflecting contemporary anxieties about reputation and identity. The study concludes that the BBC adaptation enriches Doyle’s original portrayal by humanizing Sherlock. This study contributes to both literary and psychoanalytic studies by bridging classic and contemporary perspectives on how narcissism shapes Sherlock Holmes as a literary and cultural icon.
Reading Batavia from the Water: Canals, Ports, and Hydrocolonialism in Iksaka Banu’s Novel Rasina Ferdiansyah, Rafi; Ayun, Kharisma Qurrota; Khasanah, Siti Uswatun
POETIKA Vol 13, No 2 (2025): Issue 2
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v13i2.112196

Abstract

Eighteenth-century Batavia was often imagined as the Venice of the East, a city of canals that captivated the colonial rulers. However, behind this image, water became an arena where colonialism operated in the most subtle yet brutal ways. This study offers a hydro-colonial reading using Rasina as a starting point. A qualitative approach was adopted in this study, incorporating historical and textual analyses, with a Batavia map (1740–1760) serving as a visual reference for interpreting spatial representations. The focus of this study is not on land or fortresses, but on canals, docks, and coastlines as the arteries of the city that bind commodities, bodies, and archives into a single colonial machine. Through this lens, opium and slaves appear as two extreme faces of maritime logic. Opium became a commodity whose status could be negotiated, legal or contraband, simply by manipulating port documents. On the other hand, slaves were treated as voiceless bodies, reduced to lists of ownership and administrative stamps without room for negotiation. Rasina brings this paradox to life, showing how canals and ports became arenas of struggle between the official and shadow economies. The issue of Chinese identity further sharpened the hydro-colonial landscape of Batavia. The figures of Kapitan Cina, Kong Koan, and the Boedelkamer institution illustrate the ambiguous position of the Chinese community: the backbone of the urban economy and at the same time the object of strict control by the colonial bureaucracy. Cartographic maps of Batavia (1740-1760) reveal further that canals were not merely waterways, but lines of power that united ports, government centers, ethnic areas, and Ommelanden within a single water regime. This study concludes that Batavia was not a beautiful Venice of the East, but rather a hydro-colonial laboratory: a space where water, archives, and violence converged, forming a complex landscape of power while leaving behind a long trail of cultural scars.
The Struggle for Narrative Space: The Decoloniality of Palestine in Bāsim Khandaqjī’s Qinā‘un bi Launi As-Samā`i Alfi Nur Khoirunnisa; Monica Widiany Kusteja
POETIKA Vol 14, No 1 (2026): Issue 1
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v14i1.111521

Abstract

Bāsim Khandaqjī's novel Qinā'un bi Launi As-Samā'i (QBLS) attempts to create a narrative space for Palestinian history through a plot rich in historical and archaeological details. Using Walter Mignolo's theory of decoloniality, this study examines how Israel colonizes knowledge through its narratives. It also analyzes how QBLS performs decoloniality through epistemic disobedience against Israeli colonialism. A qualitative descriptive methodology was employed to investigate the colonial mechanisms embedded in the Israeli occupation. The findings reveal that Israeli colonialism in the realm of knowledge operates through the distortion of Palestinian historical narratives and collective experiences, including the denial of the crimes of An-Nakbah and the Hebraization and demonization of Palestinian resistance. This narrative is sustained through continuous retelling based entirely on colonial perspectives while excluding Palestinian lived experiences. These mechanisms are embedded in both explicit and implicit narrative structures, including the symbolic erasure of Arab cultural heritage, as exemplified by the narrative surrounding Mary Magdalene. Conversely, the novel articulates decolonial resistance by foregrounding local knowledge derived from Palestinian lived experiences and presenting it through a coherent, evidence-based narrative. This epistemic disobedience challenges assumptions of Western epistemological superiority and opens space for marginalized perspectives. The study underscores the role of literature as a tool of resistance and affirms Palestinian identity in the face of institutionalized oppression.
Mapping the Evolution of Motifs in Indonesian Literature 1918-2025 Using Distant Reading Martin Suryajaya; Hilmar Farid; Citra Smara Dewi
POETIKA Vol 14, No 1 (2026): Issue 1
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v14i1.111609

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive overview of a century of Indonesian poetry, short stories, and novels in terms of the development of literary motifs, namely a series of words that are repeatedly deployed and serve as the formal basis of the theme. This study aims to address the scarcity in the scholarship of motifs in Indonesian literature over the long term by aiming to present a diachronic analysis of the changing meaning associations of the most frequently appearing motifs in Indonesian poetry and prose over the past century. This very broad scope does not hinder the analysis because this study uses digital humanities approach, specifically Franco Moretti's distant reading, which is a computational analysis of the statistics of word occurrences based on a digitized literary corpus. This paper analyzes a corpus of 193 award-winning or critically acclaimed Indonesian poetry and prose books (novels and short stories) published between 1918 and 2025, divided into 10 periods, each covering 11 years (with the exception of the final period, 2017-2025, which spanned 9 years). This paper addresses the following research question: is there a pattern underlying the evolution of motifs in Indonesian poetry and prose from 1918 to 2025? The findings of this study are: (1) there is a trend of increasing lexical diversity in Indonesian literature, (2) a number of words that are central motifs in Indonesian literature have experienced changes in their meaning associations to become more abstract, and (3) there are stylistic similarities between works based on similarities in motifs across periods.
Negotiating Multiculturalism: Recentering the Kid Characters’ Voice in Na Willa Dan Rumah Dalam Gang Nurhadianty Rahayu; Siti Masrifatul Fitriyah; Yanuaresti Kusuma Wardhani; Zahratul Umniyyah
POETIKA Vol 14, No 1 (2026): Issue 1
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v14i1.112933

Abstract

Not all children’s books provide the space to examine how children think and interrogate natural, cultural, and social phenomena through their cognitive and communicative lenses. However, Na Willa dan Rumah dalam Gang foregrounds children’s voices that are often overlooked, if not pushed to the periphery. Framing the text as a form of resistance narrative, this study aims to unravel how multiculturality is negotiated through the perspective of the novel’s protagonist and her interactions with adult characters. Given the focus of this study on uncovering the negotiation of multiculturality in a children’s novel, Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework is employed. Consequently, the findings are structured according to Fairclough’s three levels of discourse meaning-making. The first dimension of textual analysis examines authorial language style and intertextuality as tools for establishing an ideological stance. The second dimension highlights discursive practice in relation to the novel’s production and circulation. The third dimension employs recontextualization of critical multiculturalism (McLaren and Farahmandpur, 1999) to explore how the novel recenters the child as an active subject in meaning-making and in negotiating multicultural issues. In addition to recontextualized critical multiculturalism, the analysis also draws on linguistic and narratological understandings of discourse. This approach helps clarify how the author’s ideological orientation is textually manifested. The findings show that Na Willa dan Rumah dalam Gang situates children’s subjectivity at the centre of meaning-making around diversity, presenting it as a lived and celebrated experience rather than a merely anticipated ideal. Although children’s voices are recentred, adult characters still function as primary moral guides within the narrative. Overall, the study offers a renewed perspective on children’s literature as a medium for reimagining more nuanced forms of critical multiculturalism.
Arjunasahasrabāhu Across Cultures: Textual Transmission and Religious Reorientation from India to Java-Bali Zakariya Pamuji Aminullah
POETIKA Vol 14, No 1 (2026): Issue 1
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v14i1.115649

Abstract

How did the figure of Arjunasahasrabāhu/Kārtavīryārjuna travel from Sanskrit sources to Java and Bali, and what does his trajectory reveal about the formation of “Hindu-Buddhist Nusantara”? This article reads three textual layers: the Sanskrit Rāmāyaṇa-Uttarakāṇḍa and selected Purāṇas (Vāyu, Nārada); the Old Javanese Uttarakāṇḍa (ca. 996–1016 CE); and Mpu Tantular’s Kakavin Arjunavijaya (1379 CE), together with representative texts from the Balinese Rāmāyaṇa-Uttarakāṇḍa corpus. The study combines philological reading with the framework of cultural ecology—the material, social, and symbolic conditions in which texts are produced and received—and asks, at each transition, three questions: which features of the figure persist, which are erased, and which are reoriented? In Sanskrit sources, Arjunasahasrabāhu stands at the intersection of Candravaṃśa genealogy, Śaiva-Vaiṣṇava theology, and varṇa politics. In the Old Javanese Uttarakāṇḍa, the śaiva-bhairava idiom is preserved but reframed within the rājapūjaka ecology of Early Mataram. In Kakavin Arjunavijaya, he becomes a Majapahit nāyaka within a Śiva-Buddha cosmological synthesis. In the Balinese corpus, he develops into an autonomous heroic and didactic figure across multiple kakavin. The case shows that “Hindu-Buddhist Nusantara” emerged through a layered recomposition across distinct cultural ecologies, contributing to current debates on Indianization, the literary history of Java and Bali, and the comparative religious history of Southeast Asia.

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