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Eksergi: Chemical Engineering Journal
Published by Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta
ISSN : 1410394X     EISSN : 24608203     DOI : https://doi.org/10.31315
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Eksergi is an open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on research and innovation in the fields of energy and renewable energy. The journal aims to provide a platform for scientists, researchers, engineers, and practitioners to share knowledge and advancements that contribute to sustainable development and energy transition. In addition to energy topics, the journal also accepts high-quality manuscripts related to, but not limited to, the following areas: Separation processes Bioprocesses related to food, energy, and environmental applications Wastewater treatment and resource recovery Process optimization and intensification Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) Chemical reaction engineering and reactor design Life cycle assessment (LCA) and sustainability evaluation Process Design and Control Engineering Process Simulations Process System Engineering The journal welcomes original research articles, reviews, and short communications that demonstrate novelty, scientific rigor, and relevance to chemical engineering and interdisciplinary applications.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi Terbarukan, Keberlanjutan dan Lingkungan
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 22 No 1 (2025)" : 8 Documents clear
Used Lubricating Oil Treatment and Reuse for Sustainable Production Processes in Cement Industry Lestianingrum, Erna; Marbelia, Lisendra
Eksergi Vol 22 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i1.12477

Abstract

Used lubricating oil is one type of hazardous waste produced in the chemical industry, including the cement industry. PT. ITP Unit Palimanan has obtained a permit to process hazardous waste in the form of used lubricant oil since February 21, 2023. Therefore, starting from March 2023, PT. ITP Unit Palimanan has been utilizing used lubricant oil for open chain lubrication. The used lubricant oil, which is dark in color and contains a high amount of particles, is reprocessed through a filtration process before being used. In this process, the contaminating particles are reduced, and the used lubricant oil can be reused as lubrication material for open chains within PT. ITP Unit Palimanan itself. In 2019-2021, the average total generation of used lubricant oil was around 125 tons per year. Of this amount, approximately 90% was suitable for reuse as it contained metal and water levels below the threshold limits. Through this reuse process, the substitution of lubricant oil for open chain equipment can be reduced by 95.5%, equivalent to Rp 1,514,556,289 per year or Rp 4,207,101 per day. Besides the cost savings, PT. ITP Unit Palimanan can significantly reduce the burden of used lubricant oil waste on the environment through this innovation.
Mix Metal Thermal Stabilizer from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Octavia, Yona; Putrawan, I Dewa Gede Arsa
Eksergi Vol 22 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i1.12656

Abstract

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a widely utilized material across various fields; however, it is prone to thermal degradation, even at temperatures as low as 70°C. To enhance its thermal stability, the addition of thermal stabilizers is essential. Mixed metal stabilizers are among the most environmentally friendly and effective options, composed of carboxylate acids and a combination of alkaline earth and transition metals. This study aims to synthesize a Ca/Zn-based mixed metal stabilizer using Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD), a locally available raw material with significant potential as a source of carboxylate acid. The synthesized stabilizer, termed "Ca/Zn palmat," utilizes calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn), chosen for their non-toxic properties. FTIR analysis confirmed the successful formation of Ca/Zn carboxylate groups from PFAD. The optimal Ca:Zn ratio was determined to be 4:1, providing a PVC stability time of approximately 15 minutes based on the Congo red test. The ideal stabilizer dosage was found to be 7 phr (parts per hundred resin). Furthermore, the addition of pentaerythritol as a co-stabilizer demonstrated a synergistic effect, significantly enhancing the thermal stability of PVC
Utilization of Coffee Grounds and Fly Ash as Adsorbents to Reduce Phosphate Content in Laundry Wastewater Yusuf, Yusmardhany; Fatah, Khalaida Fania; Gunawan, Sinna Chaerunnabila; Soeswanto, Bambang; Sihombing, Rony Pasonang; Adhitasari, Alfiana
Eksergi Vol 22 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i1.12880

Abstract

Industrial laundry wastewater contains 70-80% phosphate which can cause environmental pollution and trigger the growth of algae blooms or eutrophication if it is discharged into the environment. The adsorption method was chosen to reduce the phosphate content in laundry waste because it is relatively simple and low cost. The adsorbent used can use coffee grounds and fly ash, where coffee grounds have 47.8-58.9%. The composition used for the adsorption process is a ratio of coffee grounds: fly ash (w/w) of 1:0 and 1:1. Contact time in the adsorption process varies between 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes. Based on research results, the best reduction in phosphate levels from laundry waste was 45.88%, where the initial phosphate level in the waste was 10.2 mg/L. Apart from that, the efficiency of reducing COD levels with the best removal efficiency was 80.39% with the initial COD content in the waste being 4080 mg/L. The best composition for testing laundry waste is 1:1 coffee grounds and fly ash (w/w) and the best contact time for testing laundry waste is 150 minutes
Comparison of Different Types of Bleaching Earth on the Quality of Bleaching Palm Oil (BPO) Khairati, Miftahul; Aini, Apsari Puspita; Nurmalasari, Enny; Yahya, Agung Kurnia
Eksergi Vol 22 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i1.13311

Abstract

Bleaching Earth (BE), primarily derived from Bentonite, is widely used in the bleaching process of Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Its efficiency depends on the proportions of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃, which enable effective pigment absorption. This study evaluates the performance of unmodified Bentonite, nano SiO₂-modified Bentonite, and commercial BE in producing Bleached Palm Oil (BPO). The novelty lies in the nano SiO₂ modification, designed to enhance the structural properties and absorption capabilities of Bentonite. Characterization of BE was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while BPO quality was assessed through parameters like moisture content, acid value, Free Fatty Acid (FFA) levels, (Deterioration of Bleachability Index (DOBI), and β-carotene concentration. The results showed that BPO processed with nano SiO₂-modified Bentonite had the lowest β-carotene concentration (443%) and a DOBI value of 1.453, demonstrating superior bleaching performance compared to unmodified and commercial BE. Other parameters, including FFA levels and moisture content, exhibited minimal variation. Color analysis revealed that BPO processed with nano SiO₂-modified Bentonite achieved a comparable color value (1.5/15) to commercial BE. These findings highlight the potential of nano SiO₂-modified bentonite for improving oil quality by reducing FFA and acid value while maintaining optimal moisture content, offering a novel and effective alternative to unmodified bentonite in oil refining.
Effect of Flow Rate Ratio of Air and Waste Cooking Oil on Combustion Temperature and Furnace Efficiency Idris, M.; Setyawan, Martomo; Suharto, Totok Eka
Eksergi Vol 22 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i1.13554

Abstract

Using waste cooking oil as an alternative fuel can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and address the problem of waste oil. This study aims to analyze the effect of the flow rate ratio of air and waste cooking oil on combustion characteristics and efficiency of domestic furnace. The experiment started with fuel characterization, including density, viscosity, flash point, and calorific value tests. The combustion process was carried out by varying the fuel and airflow to the furnace. Experiments included flame temperature measurements, water boiling tests, and measurements of heat uptake efficiency by the pot water. The results showed that the highest combustion temperature of 925.55℃ was achieved at an airflow rate of 21.3 m/s with a fuel flow rate of 1.05 L/hour. The flue gas emission temperature and furnace efficiency increased as the airflow rate and fuel discharge increased. The ratio also produces the fastest water boiling time of 2 minutes with the efficiency of heat uptake by water in the pot of 34.12%. The highest heat uptake efficiency by the water in the pot was obtained at the ratio of used cooking oil discharge of 0.6 L/hour with an airflow rate of 12.1 m/s at 43.12%. These results demonstrate the potential of waste cooking oil as an alternative fuel for efficient domestic combustion devices, with proper air supply to achieve optimal combustion.
Formulating Nutritious Wet Noodles with Spirulina platensis: Exploring Proximate Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Consumer Preferences Dewi, Resti Nurmala; Panjaitan, Fenny Crista Anastasia; Sumartini, Sumartini; Putri, Nita Ariestiana
Eksergi Vol 22 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i1.13697

Abstract

The incorporation of Spirulina platensis into food products has been extensively explored. In this study, wet noodles were enriched with spirulina at three different concentrations: 1% (P1), 5% (P2) and 10% (P3). Sensory and hedonic evaluations, proximate composition and antioxidant properties were assessed. Overall, formulations P1 and P2 were significantly preferred (p < 0.05) in terms of appearance and aroma compared to the control (P0). Additionally, the texture and taste scores of spirulina-enriched wet noodles were higher (p < 0.05) than those of the control. Among all treatments, P1 emerged as the most favourable formulation (p < 0.05) for aroma, texture, and taste in the hedonic test. Moreover, the spirulina supplementation had significant effect on the protein and fat content (p < 0.05) compared to the control noodles. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the spirulina wet noodles increased in a dose dependent manner. The IC50 values for DPPH radical scavenging activity were 339.749 ppm for the control (P0), and 61.473 ppm, 39.965 ppm, and 27.439 ppm for P1, P2, and P3, respectively. These results suggest that fortifying wet noodles with Spirulina platensis not only improves the sensory attributes but also enhances the nutritional quality and functional value.
Optimization of Palm Frond Pulping Using a Soda-Anthraquinone Process in a Circulating Digester: A Sustainable Approach Suhendri, Suhendri; Evelyn, Evelyn; Setiadi, Tjandra; Risdianto, Hendro
Eksergi Vol 22 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i1.13825

Abstract

Oil palm fronds, typically discarded after pruning, have potential as a raw material due to their lignocellulosic content. This study optimizes the soda-anthraquinone pulping process using a circulating digester. It investigates the effects of cooking temperatures (140, 150, and 160°C), cooking times (120, 180, and 240 minutes), and NaOH concentrations (10%, 15%, and 20%) with 0.1% anthraquinone, employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD). Analysis with Design Expert 13 software revealed significant impacts on yield (19.01-31.00%), kappa number (9.24-15.69), and viscosity (2.91-34.45 cP). Optimal conditions were 140°C, 120 minutes, and 10% NaOH, yielding 30.57% pulp, kappa number of 13.87, and viscosity of 24.03 cP. This research underscores the environmental benefits of utilizing palm fronds, contributing to waste reduction and circular economy practices, and demonstrates the potential for industrial scalability, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional pulping methods.
Effect of Temperature and N-Doping on the Distribution of Bamboo Waste Pyrolysis Products Using Quartz Tube Furnace Mufandi, Ilham; Kholis, Muhammad Nur; Hamawi, Mahmudah; Ardani, Much Taufik; Kusuma, Hafidha Ayu
Eksergi Vol 22 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i1.14128

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of temperature and nitrogen doping (N-Doping) on the pyrolysis of bamboo waste to optimize the distribution of biochar, bio-oil, and gas products. Bamboo waste as raw material was applied to pyrolysis in a quartz tube furnace reactor at temperatures of 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C under two atmospheric conditions: pyrolysis with nitrogen (PN) and pyrolysis without nitrogen (PWN). Results reveal that temperature significantly influences product distribution, with bio-oil yield peaking at 500°C (52% in PN) and decreasing at higher temperatures due to secondary cracking. Nitrogen doping enhances bio-oil production by preventing oxidation and reducing secondary reactions, leading to a bio-oil yield increase from 16.52% in PWN to 55.32% in PN at 500°C. Conversely, PWN conditions resulted in higher biochar yield due to partial oxidation. Gas yield increased at elevated temperatures in both conditions, attributed to thermal cracking and reformation processes. These findings emphasize the importance of controlled temperature and atmospheric conditions in maximizing the efficiency and product quality of bamboo waste pyrolysis. The results provide valuable insights into sustainable biomass conversion strategies, contributing to renewable energy development and bamboo waste valorization.

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