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INDONESIA
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
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Articles 61 Documents
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Keefektifan Konseling Keluarga dalam Memperbaiki Skor Ekspresi Emosi pada Caregiver Pasien Skizofrenia Badriyah, Siti
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2011)
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Background: Families with a schizophrenic member often experience over-expression of recurrentemotion that may cause the schizophrenic member to relapse. Alleviating this emotion expressioncan help schizophrenic patients to attain better prognosis, improve their social function, and enhancetheir quality of life. Eclectic family counseling is a type of psycho-social therapy that helps familymembers to actualize their potentials, to anticipate problems within family system, and to inducepositive behavioral change to other family member. This study aimed to determine the effectivenessof family counseling in improving emotional expression score of the caregivers of patients withschizophrena.Methods: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Municipal Mental Hospital(RSJ) Surakarta from February to March 2011. A sample 40 patients with schizophrenia and 40 familymembers (caregivers) of these patients was selected by purposive sampling. These caregivers were20 to 50 years of age, either male or female, and livedwith the patients at least 8 hours per day in thesame houses. The caregivers were assigned at random into the experimental group (n1= 20) whoreceived family counseling and the control group (n2= 20) who did not receive family counseling. Theoutcome variables under study were Emotional Over-Involvement (EOI) and Critical Comments (CC)of the caregivers, as well as the quality of life (QoL), and personal and social performace (PSP) of theschizophrenic patients, using validated scales. Multiple linear regression analysis was run to measurethe effect of the counseling on these outcome variables.Results: Caregivers that received family counseling showed decline in EOI (b= -4.69; 95%CI -6.12 to -3.28), and (CC)(b= -3.75; 95%CI -5.24 to -2.37). Schizophrenia patients who received care from caregiverwith counseling showed improvement in QoL (b= 17.71; 95 %CI 11.89 to 23.54), and PSP (b= 19.05; 95%CI15.20 to 22.92).Conclusion: Eclectic family counseling effectively reduces excessive emotional expression among familycaregivers with a schizophrenic patient, thereby improves the quality of life as well as personal andsocial performance of the patient.Keywords: family counseling, emotional expression, quality of life, personal and social performance
Hubungan antara Fungsi Keluarga dan Kualitas Hidup Lansia Sutikno, Ekawati
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2011)
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Background: Family is the smallest unit of a society. Health status of family member is inter-relatedwith various problem faced by other family members. In theory, family function disorder may causehealth problem of the family members. The current increasing number of the elderly leads to problemin the health and function in the elderly. This study aimed to examine the association between familyfunction and the quality of life of the elderly.Methods: This was an analitic-observasional cross sectional study. A sample of 41 old people aged 60years or older was selected from Kelompok Jantung Sehat Surya Group Kediri. The dependent variableunder study was quality of life of the elderly. The independent variable under study was family function.The confounding factor to control for included age, sex, type of family, and employment status. Thevariables were pre-tested for its validity and reliability. The data were analyzed by use of chi squareand multiple logistic regression, on SPSS 17.0.Results: Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that elderly who came from a well-functioningfamily had 25 times higher probalility to have better quality of life than those who came from poorlyfunctioningfamily (OR = 24.9, p = 0.040 ; CI 95% 1.2 to 533.0).Conclusion: Family function has strong positive association with quality of life of the elderly. Familydoctors are recommended to provide information and education to families in order to increasefamily function.Keywords: family function, quality of life, elderly.
Faktor Risiko Dispepsia pada Mahasiswa Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) Susanti, Andri; Briawan, Dodik; Uripi, Vera
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2011)
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Background: Dyspepsia syndrome frequently occurs among adolescents. This study aimed, to analyzerisk factors of dyspepsia among university students.Methods: The study design was a case-control study, where two groups of samples were selectedpurposively in the first grade student living in IPB’s dormitory. The case group was the students withgastric disorder (gastritis or peptic ulcer history) in the last six months, meanwhile the control groupwas having similar characteristics except they suffered gastric disorder. The total of 120 universitystudents were taken pairly as samples, consisting of 60 students for the each group (24 male and 36female). Data were collected include gastric disorder history, dyspepsia symptom, characteristic ofsamples, nutritional status, eating habit, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, drugsconsumption (especially antacid), stress, blood type, and family disease history of gastritis or pepticulcer.Results: The frequency of dyspepsia in the case group was higher than the control group (p<0.05).Gastric disorder history significabtly related to frequency of dyspepsia (p<0.05). The body mass index(BMI) scores of samples had no difference in both sample groups (p<0.05). Having meal regularly,meal frequency, carbonated drink consumption habit, and fat intake related significantly with frequencyof dyspepsia (p<0.05). Physical activity, taking antacid, and stress level related significantly withfrequency of dyspepsia (p<0.05). Family disease history and blood type had no relation with frequencyof dyspepsia. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the significant risk factors of dyspepsiaare meal frequency more than twice per day (OR=0.08; CI 95%: 0.02 hingga 0.45), habitually consumecarbonated drink (OR=8.95; CI 95%: 1.27 hingga 63.23), and higher stress level (OR=1.22; CI 95%: 1.06hingga 1.37).Conclusion: Eating frequency more than twice per day can reduce risk of dyspepsia, meanwhileconsuming carbonated drink more than three bottles per week, and having higher stress level preciselyincrease the risk of dyspepsia.Keywords: risk factors, dyspepsia, university students.
Hubungan Sindroma Down dengan Umur Ibu, Pendidikan Ibu, Pendapatan Keluarga, dan Faktor Lingkungan Situmorang, Charina
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2011)
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Background. Maternal age is the main known risk factor of Down syndrome. Recently some researchershave suggested that there may be certain environmental factors that increase the risk of thecondition. This study aimed to estimate the association of Down syndrome and maternal age whilecontrolling for maternal education, family income and environmental factors.Methods. This study was analytic-observational using case control approach. It was conducted at aspecial school for children with disability in Surakarta. A sample of 20 mothers of children with DownSyndrome and 40 mothers of normal children, was selected by fixed-disease sampling. The relationshipbetween maternal age and the risk of Down syndrome while controlling for maternal education,family income, and environmental factor, was analyzed using multiple logistic logistic regression.Odds ratio was used to measure the association of variables.Results. Mean maternal age (year) at birth of Down syndrome children (37.82) was higher than that ofnormal children (28.60), and it was statistically significant. After controlling for maternal education,family income and living environmental factor, mothers aged 35 years or older had 12 times as manyrisk of Down syndrome as those aged less than 35 years, and it was statistically significant (OR= 12.10;95%CI 2.96 to 49.22). Evidence from this study did not support the relationship between maternaleducation, family income, and the risk of Down syndrome. Living in an unhealthy environment increasesthe risk of Down syndrome 2.5 times as many than living in a healthy environment, although thisrelationship was not statistically significant with the available sample size of 60 subjects (OR= 2.34;95%CI 0.44 to 15.28).Conclusion. There is a very strong relationship between maternal age at birth and the risk of deliveringchildren with Down syndrome, even after controlling for some potential confounding factors.Environmental factor seems to play a role in the incidence of this condition, but further studies areneeded with larger sample size.Key words: Down syndrome, maternal age, maternal education, family income, environmental factor
Editorial : Kesehatan Anak dan Epidemiologi Sepanjang Hayat Murti, Bhisma
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2011)
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Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia volume 2 nomer 1menerbitkan 4 hasil penelitian tentang kesehatan anak. Evi Rokhayati melakukan studi kohor prospektif untuk meneliti hubungan antara neutropenia danmortalitas pada neonatus dengan sepsis, dengan mengendalikan pengaruh umur gestasi dan berat badan lahir. Neonatus (newborn) adalah bayi berusia hingga 4 minggu. Hasil analisis regresi Cox dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan terdapat hubungan yang lemah dan secara statistik tidak signifikan antara kematian neonatus sepsis dan neutropenia (HR=1.28; CI95% 0.55 hingga 2.94) maupun berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) (HR= 1.88; CI95 % 0.63hingga 5.56). Implikasi klinis dari penelitian itu, neutropenia dan BBLR tidak dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor yang dapat diandalkan untuk memprediksi kematian neonatus dengan sepsis. Tetapi penelitian itu menemukan hubungan yang kuat dan secara statistik signifikan antara prematuritas (<37 minggu)dan kematian pada neonatus sepsis (HR= 3.12; CI95% 1.07 hingga 9.68). Implikasinya, prematuritas dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor yang kuat dan dapat diandalkan untuk memprediksi kematian neonatus dengan sepsis.
Perbedaan Frekuensi Serangan Asma pada Pasien Dengan dan Tanpa Lingkungan Perokok Tembakau Lauranita, Neovita Kriesna
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2011)
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Background: Asthma can be prevented if its pathogenesis is well understood. Poorly controlled asthmamay cause relapse and poor quality of life. Asthma relapse can be prevented by avoiding triggerfactors, one of which is exposure to tobacco smoke. This study aimed to determine the difference inasthma attack frequency between patients with and without tobacco smoke environment.Methods: This study was analytical observational using cross sectional approach. A sample of 60 asthmaticpatients were selected by purposive sampling from May to June 2011 at the Pulmonary Disease Center,RSUD Dr. Moewardi, Surakarta. The independent variable was tobacco smoking environment. Thedependent variable were frequency of asthma attack by symptoms including wheezing, cough, andtightness. The dependent variables were measured by a questionnaire administered to the patientswith controlled asthma at the moment. Difference in asthma attack frequency was presented in meanand SD. Statistical difference in this frequency was tested by Mann-Whitney on SPSS 16.0 for Windows.Results: On average the patients living in tobacco smoking environment had more asthma attackfrequency per week than those without such an environment, including wheezing (4.70 vs. 3.40; p=0.020), coughing (4.37 vs. 2.90; p= 0.005), andtightness (4.70 vs. 3.40; p=0.020).Conclusions: Patients with tobacco smoke environment have more asthma attacks than those withouttobacco smoke environment.Keywords: asthma attacks frequency, smoking environment
Social Epidemiology Murti, Bhisma
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2011)
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Banyak praktisi di bidang kedokteran dan kesehatan mungkin bertanya-tanya apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan epidemiologi sosial. Editor buku ini, Berkman dan Kawachi, mendefinisikan epidemiologi sosial “the branch of epidemiology that studies the social distribution and social determinants of health.” Artinya, cabang dari epidemiologi yang mempelajari distribusi dan determinan sosial dari kesehatan. Dengan kata lain epidemiologi sosial merupakan cabang epidemiologi yang mendeskripsikan distribusi kesehatan pada populasi berdasarkan faktor-faktor sosial, dan menganalisis faktor-faktor sosial yang mempengaruhi perbedaan distribusi kesehatan itupada berbagai populasi. 
Hubungan antara Pemakaian Repellent Anti Nyamuk dan Kejadian Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue pada Anak di Kota Surakarta Sofia, Fika Khulma; Probandari, Ari Natalia; Hikmayani, Nur Hafidha
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 3, No 1 (2012)
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Background: Dengue haemorrhagicfever (DHF) is a common mosquito-transmitted infectious disease in tropical and sub​​-tropical areas. In Indonesia, the incidence significantly increased from 58 cases in 1968 to 15,912 cases in 2009. Case fatality ratereached over 1% in most provinces. Repellent refers totopical antimosquito agent which can be used to prevent DHF. Repellent contains active substances that prevent mosquito bites such as DEET (N,N‑dietil‑m‑toluamid) and permethrine. This study aimed to examine the relationship between use of anti-mosquito repellent and risk of DHF among children in Surakarta. Method: This was an observational study using matched case-control design. It was carried out atfive public health centers in Surakarta with high prevalence of DHF in children during 2010-2012period. Forty cases were selected using cluster sampling method and were matched for age and residence with 40 DHF-free controls. Questionnaires were used to identify use of repellent. Other data collected included frequency, habit,timing and duration of repellent use. Data were analyzed by McNemar’s χ2test and conditional logistic regressionsusing OpenEpi 2.0 and Stata SE 12.0. Results: McNemar’s χ2 test showed a significant relationship between use of antimosquito repellent and DHF (p<0.001). Children usingantimosquito repellent had 0.04 times the risk for DHF than those not using repellent (OR=0.04, 95%CI= 0.01 to 0.23). Regression analysis showed that frequency and timing of repellent use were significantly associated with DHF. Compared to children who did not use repellent, children using repellent often (5-7 times a week) had0.12 times the risk for DHF (OR=0.12,95%CI=0.02 to 0.60; p=0.011).Children using repellent after 8 pm had0.22 times the risk for DHF (OR=0.22, 95% CI=0.01 to 0.70; p=0.022). Habit and duration of repellent use showed no statistically significant association with DHF (p>0.05). Conclusion: Use of repellentsignificantly reduces the risk for DHF among children in Surakarta. Frequent and nocturnal useofrepellentare protective factors for DHF.Keywords: Dengue haemorrhagic fever, antimosquito repellent, children
Aktivitas Antimikroba Fraksi-Fraksi Dari Ekstrak Jamur Endofit Cladosporium oxysporum Yang Diisolasi Dari Aglaia Odorata Lour Sugijanto, Noor Erma; Dorra, Bella Lexmita
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 3, No 1 (2012)
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Background:Some endophytic fungi have shown economicpotentials for future  production of enzyme, medicine, and biological control agent. This study aimed to examine the antimicrobial activities in ethyl acetate extract fractions of Cladosporiumoxysporumendophyticfungi against Escherichia coli, Staphylocooccusaureus,and Candida albicans. Method: Cladosporiumoxysporumendophyticfungi  was isolated from AglaiaodorataLour (pacarCina, Java)which was collected at Purwodadi Botanical Garden, Pasuruan, East Java. C. oxysporum were cultivated, extracted and fractionated. The fractions then were applied to antimicrobial activity assay. Disc diffusion method was conducted with 2 mg/disc concentration extracts. Results: The ethyl acetate extract fractions of C.oxysporumshowed antimicrobial activities against the three microbes tested. Six of 13 fractions exhibited inhibition zone against S. aureus ATCC 6538, E. coli ATCC 8739 and C. albicans ATCC 10231. The seventh fraction exhibited the highest inhibition zone against S. aureus ATCC 6538, and C.albicans ATCC 10231. The tenth fraction exhibited the highest inhibition zone against E. coli ATCC 8739. Conclusion:Cladosporiumoxysporum from Aglaiaodoratais a good source of antimicrobial substance.The discovery of bioactive metabolites in C.oxysporumendophytic fungi allows the development of a new antimicrobial medicine for commercial use. Key words:Cladosporiumoxysporum,endophytic fungi, AglaiaodorataLour,antimicrobial activity
Skrining Risiko Kardiovaskular Pada Dosen dan Staf Administrasi Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Jember Prasetyowati, Irma; Ariyanto, Yunus; Wahjudi, Pudjo
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 3, No 1 (2012)
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Background:Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. An effort to prevent mortality from cardiovascular disease is to detect the disease early at the subclinical stage. This study aimed to screen lecturers and administration staff at the Faculty of Public Health, University of Jember, for  cardiovascular disease risk factors, and provide necessary advise. Method:A survey was conducted at the Faculty of Public Health, University of Jember, to screen 60 lecturers and administrative staff for cardiovascular diseases risk factors.The risk factors under study included age, blood pressure, body mass index, smoking, exercise, and history of diabetes. Instruments used in this study included questionnaire, sphygmo-manometer, microtoise height scale, bathroom weight scale, waist and hip scale tape. Results: The majority of the lecturers (77.8%) and the administration staff (60.6%) were at low risk for cardiovascular disease. However, about 13.3% of the study subjects had hypertension. Thirty percent were current smokers. About 3.3% had diabetes history. Twenty five percent were overweight, and 18.3% were obese. Conclusion: A few staff at the Faculty of Public health, University of Jember, werefound to be at high risk for cardiovascular diseases. These individuals were advised to adopt healthier life styles, which include exercise, cycling, quit smoking, and regular check-up every 6 months. Keywords: cardiovascular disease, risk factors, screening, healthy life style

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