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INDONESIA
Pelita Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia
ISSN : 02150212     EISSN : 24069574     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebuna
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Pelita Perkebunan, Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal (CCRJ): ISSN:0215-0212 Since its establishment in 1911, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI) formerly Besoekisch Proefstation, had published its research findings through a journal call Mededelingen van het Besoekisch Proefstation. Between 1948-1981 the research institute was under the supervision of Bogor Research Institute for Estate Crops, and published its research findings through De Bergcultures which was later changed to Menara Perkebunan. Since the institute held the national mandate for coffee and cocoa commodities, and due to rapid increase in the research findings, ICCRI published its first issue of Pelita Perkebunanjournal in April 1985. Pelita Perkebunanis an international journal providing rapid publication of peer-reviewed articles concerned with coffee and cocoa commodities based on the aspects of agronomy, plant breeding, soil science, crop protection, postharvest technology and social economy. Papers dealing with result of original research on the above aspects are welcome, with no page charge. Pelita Perkebunan is managed by Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), which publish the research findings not only for coffee and cocoa but also other commodities relevant with coffee and cocoa, i.e. shade trees, intercrops and wind breakers.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 402 Documents
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Uterus Weight of Ovariectomized Rats Given Cocoa Powder and Extract Ariza Budi Tunjung; Misnawi Jati; Pratiwi Pudjiastuti; Afaf Baktir
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 33 No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v33i1.253

Abstract

Estrogen is a hormone that influences the growth of uterus. Ovariectomized rats lose their ovaries as the main source of estrogen so their uterus tends to shrink. The objective of thise study was to evaluate the potency of cocoa as an estrogen substitute, which was done through an experiment that tested the influence of cocoa products on the uterus weight of ovariectomized rats. There were five treatments and in each of the treatments, six wistar rats were given the substance for three days. Four groups of treatment consisted of ovariectomized rats given cocoa extract (875.2 ppm of polyphenols, 1 g/kg of body weight, BW), cocoa powder (369.8 ppm of polyphenols, 1 g/kg BW), olive oil (10 mL/kg BW), or estradiol valerate (1 mg/kg BW). The fifth group consisted of intact (non-ovariectomized) rats given 10 mL/kg BW of water. The finding showed that the ovariectomized rats given olive oil had lower uterus weight than that of intact rats, while the ovariectomized rats given estradiol valerate had higher uterus weight compared to the intact and olive oil groups. The ovariectomized rats given cocoa powder and extract had higher uterus weight compared to those given only olive oil; although they were not significantly different. Correlation between the body weight and uterus weight varied across treatment groups. The rats given olive oil showed significant, positive correlation, while the intact rats showed moderate, positive correlation. The rats given estradiol valerate and cocoa powder showed non-significant correlation. Since the polyphenol content in cocoa powder was at lower concentration than that in the cocoa extract, it was predicted that cocoa polyphenols are more potential in the lower concentration. This study concludes that even though consumption of cocoa powder and extract did not significantly induced uterus growth, cocoa is still considered having estrogenic activity by lowering the correlation between the body weight and uterus weight in ovariectomized rats.
Dynamic of Arabica Coffee Marketing Organization in Ngada District:Progress upon Implementing of Geographical Indication Lya Aklimawati
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 33 No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v33i1.254

Abstract

Farmer organization has important role on coffee agribusiness development. Organization was positioned as a driving force on farmer economic activities, especially in strengthening partnership networks. Realizing the importance of organization, the aim of this research was to identify the coffee market structure in the scheme of Geographical Indication; to analyze the dynamic of coffee marketing organization at farmers level; and to analyze added value of wet parchment bean sales at the farmers organization. This research was conducted in Ngada District which includes Bajawa, Golewa and West Golewa Sub-district. Respondents in this study were 100 farmers which determined by using simple random samplingmethod. The primary data was based on questionnaire and secondary data was from journals, articles, and internal reports. Data were analyzed with descriptivequalitativeapproach and Hayami method. The results showed that coffee market structure in Ngada District lead to imperfect competition market (monopsonyoligopsony). The dynamic of farmers organization worked in progress which shown through ease access to market information and networking. Vertically organizational relationship between farmers and other market cooperatives has been established. Added value at UPHs/cooperative in the coffee supply chain was 15,35% of output value
Technical and Economic Efficiency of Smallholder Arabica Coffee Farming in Panti Sub-district, Jember Dani Widjaya; Yuli Hariyati; Djoko Soejono
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 33 No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v33i1.255

Abstract

Many factors must be considered in coffee production processes. Use of factors of production must also be efficient in order to produce maximum production.This research was conducted in Panti Sub-district, Jember, as one of larger coffee producer in Jember. This location was also one area in Jember cultivated with Arabica coffee since 2012. Therefore, this study aimed to determine production factors in Arabica coffee smallholders; particularly technical and economic efficiency of Arabica coffee smallholders. Research method including interview and secondary data collection was carried out in three farmer groups in Panti Sub-district. Samples included 36 farmers from Surya Tani, Sejahtera Bersama and Taman Putri farmer groups. Analytical methods used were Cobb Douglass as a function of Stochastic Frontier to see the technical efficiency of farming and analysis of economic the selected efficiency with pricing approach. Technical efficiency in Arabica coffee farming in the selected locations were considered efficient in the level of 71.4% with aminimum of technical efficiency of 24.9% and a maximum efficiency of 93.4%. Economic efficiency showed that factors of labor and use of organic fertilizers were not efficient, thus there should be a reduction in use of labor and organic fertilizers. The factors indicated also that use of inorganic fertilizers was not efficient, with economic efficiency value (NPM/Px) of 1.579. The conditions indicate that there is a need to use of inorganic fertilizers to be an economically efficient manner.
Study of Self-Compatibility Character Related to Seed Characteristics and Seedling Performance on Cocoa Indah Anita-Sari; Sobir .; Agung Wahyu Susilo
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 33 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v33i2.261

Abstract

Self-incompatibility is an important factor in limiting the yield of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). The research aimed to study the effect of self-compatibility on cocoa related to pod and bean characteristics and seedling performance. The research was conducted at Kaliwining Research Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember and Bogor Agriculture University in Bogor. The research used completely randomized design with three clones as treatment and each treatment repeated three times. The three clones used had a different self-compatibility characteristics; NA 32 (self-incompatible), DR 2 and Sulawesi 2 (self-compatible). Fruit set, pod characteristics, bean characteristics and seedling performance were observed. The results showed that self compatible cocoa clones had higher of fruit set per cushion (4,7-7,9 fruit set per tree) than selfincompatible (1,9 fruit set per cushion). Sulawesi 2 as a self compatible cocoa clone showed the lowest of fallen fruit set per cushion after two and four weeks. Self compatible cocoa clones (Sulawesi 2 and DR 2) had greater pod and better bean quality than self incompatible (NA 32) included pod length, pod weight, pod girth, weight of wet beans per pod, number of beans per pod, volume per wet bean, weight of dry bean and weight of nib. While number of poorly beans per pod in self incompatible showed higher than self compatible clones. Seedling performance of self compatible showed better than self incompatible for plant height and stem diameter. Visually the seedling of self compatible showed homogeny than self incompatible and variant analysis of plant height showed that self compatible were lower than self incompatible.
Selection of Prospective Drought-Tolerant Cocoa Hybrids Based on Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction Analyses Bayu Setyawan; Agung Wahyu Susilo
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 33 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v33i2.262

Abstract

Global warming impact in increasing temperature and becomes threat for cocoa production because growth of cocoa depends on the amount of water available in the environment. The objective of this study was to describe cocoa hybrid that may potentially be developed as drought-resistant cocoa hybrid. The study used 14 types of cocoa hybrids and ICCRI 06H as control. Those plants were approximately 4 years old and the hybrids were planted in Sumber Asin Experimental Station and Kendeng Lembu Plantation. The variables being observed to evaluate 2015 El-Nino effect were percentage of growing plants, tree diameter, jorquette height, flush and flower intensity in 2016. Analysis of variance, correlation and additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) biplot were used to find out which hybrids were potentially drought-resistant. The finding showed that there was significant interaction between the genotypes (hybrids) and environment towards the percentage of growing plants, tree diameter, flush and flower intensity. The correlation between the variables showed that there was significant, negative correlation between the percentage of growing plants and height; even though there was significant correlation between the two, it was quite low. There was significant correlation between the tree diameter and the jourquette height while there was not any between the tree diameter and the percentage of growing plants. The AMMI analysis classified the drought tolerant hybrids into two groups, (1) cocoa hybrids adaptive to both normal as well as the temperature and water scarcity (drought), was ICCRI 03 x KW 617, and (2) drought tolerance cocoa hybrids, was KW 516 x KW 617.
Morphological Variation of Somatic Embryos of Coffea arabica L. During Some Sub-Culture Periods Fitria Ardiyani; Sulistyani Pancaningtya
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 33 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v33i2.263

Abstract

One of factors that affects the success of a plant cultivation using somatic embryogenesis method is the formation of somatic embryos from embryogenesis callus. This research aimed to study the effect of sub-culture period on quality and quantity of the somatic embryos of Coffea arabica. This research used explants of somatic embryos of Arabica coffee obtained from the leaves of 2K Andungsari clone. The embryos were taken during embryogenes is callus phase using Murashige-Skoog culture media added with B5 vitamin and auxin hormone (2,4dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) 0.5 mg/L and sitokinin (benzyl amino purin) 1 mg/L. Observation on somatic embryos obtained from the sub-culture period of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 weeks. The parameters observed in this study included quantity and quality of the somatic embryos during each sub-culture period. Observations on quantity of the somatic embryos were conducted based on number of embryos per cluster, while quality was measured from the percentage of normal embryos, histological analysis, and morphological measurement on weight and size of the normal embryos. The result showed that the best quantity of somatic embryos was obtained from the sub-culture period of nine weeks with 18.4 somatic embryos per cluster. The best quality embryos were also obtained in the sub-culture period of nine weeks with the percentage of normal embryos 71.4%. Histological analysis carried out on the somatic embryos obtained from sub-culture of three weeks period showed that the cells of the embryos were formed by living and solid cells which nucleus were clearly seen in the center of the cell, indicating that the embryos were formed by young tissues. Data of morphological parameters showed that normal embryos during the sub-culture period 3 to 15 weeks weighed around 0.23–0.78 mg and length of around 0.18–0.25 cm. The data can be used to predict number of explants and required time to produce certain number of normal embryos
Stomatal, Proline, and Leaf Water Status Characters of Some Cocoa Clones (Theobroma cacao L.) on Prolonged Dry Season Fakhrusy Zakariyya; Bayu Setyawan; Agung Wahyu Susilo
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 33 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v33i2.264

Abstract

ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) occurring in 2015 in Indonesia caused drought stress and the decrease in the percentage of production and even death of plants. One effective and relatively inexpensive way of reducing damage and economic losses due to drought is the availibility of tolerant cocoa. The objective of this research was to obtain tolerant clones based on morpho-physiological characters under drought stress. The experiment was conducted in Kaliwining Experimental Station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI) during dry season (El Nino period with 5 consecutive dry months, from May to October 2015). Stomata, proline, leaf water status was measured at the peak of dry season on tested cocoa clones. The cocoa clones that predicted tolerant against to drought stress were KW 641, KW 514, KW 535, KW 619, and KW 516, whereas the cocoa clones that predicted susceptible under drought stress were KW 609, KW 614, KW 635, KW 606, and KW 651. The treatment clones had higher values of RWC, leaf proline content, narrower width and length of stomata openings, but smaller value of WSD compared to susceptible clones. Meanwhile, the character of leaf thickness might not significanly different to the character of drought tolerance.
Auto-Dissemination of Beauveria Bassiana in Controlling Coffee Berry Borer Endang Sulistyowati; Dwi Suci Rahayu; Merle Shepard; Gerry Carner
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 33 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v33i2.265

Abstract

Coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei Ferr. (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) is generally controlled by applying integrated pest management, particularly through sanitation and using biological agents. Beauveria bassiana is wellknown as an entomopathogenic fungus, which has been proven to be the most effective and prospective agent that could be developed to control CBB. Dissemination of microbial biocontrol agents via insect or predators may has advantages for safe spore dispersal to targeted pests with the added benefit of predation. The research with aim to determine if spores of B. bassiana can be picked up by CBB from disseminated containers had been conducted at Plant Protection Laboratory and Kaliwining Experimental Station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute. Ten infected coffee berries and ten CBB adults were sprayed with various concentration of B. bassiana suspension, and then infested them in 10 healthy berries in petridish. The same trials was conducted in the field, by infested them to healthy berries on coffee branches. Observation was done on the percentage of infected berries and number of CBB infected by B. bassiana inside the berries. The results showed that spores of B. bassiana could be picked up by CBB from disseminated containers, although it was very low (2.5%). B. bassiana was not effective in suppressing CBB infestation by auto-dissemination, therefore to improve the effectiveness of B. bassiana in controlling CBB, it was advised to re-spray at least 3 times in every cropping season, especially at the flying time of CBB around 2 P.M.
Diversity and Abundance of Natural Enemies of Helopeltis antonii in Cocoa Plantation Related with Plant Pattern and Insecticide Application Mochamad Syarief; Agung Wahyu Susilo; Toto Himawan; A. Latief Abadi
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 33 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v33i2.266

Abstract

Natural enemy is an important factor in management of cacao pests. One way to increase its diversity and abundance is through agroecosystem management techniques that support. The study was conducted for one year from February 2014 to February 2015 in Banjarsari Plantation and a cocoa farm of Kaliwining Experimental Station, Jember, which applied different cropping patterns and use of insecticides. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of cropping pattern and use of insecticide on diversity and abundance of predators, parasitoids, abundance and intensity of Helopeltis antonii attack. Observation of pests and natural enemies was done visually, using sweep net, yellow pan traps, malaise trap and pifall trap. Intensity of the attack used Pedigo & Buntin equations. Diversity index used Shannon Diversity Index (H’) and Simpson’s dominance index (C). Differences in predator abundance, parasitoid, air temperature, relative humidity, light intensity and rainfall used Wilcoxon test. Results of this study showed that monoculture and intensive use of synthetic insecticides caused lower diversity and abundance of predators and parasitoids, while the abundance and intensity of H. antonii attacks were higher compared with polyculture without insecticide. Banjarsari cocoa plantation that applied monoculture and intensive use of synthetic insecticides, had lower diversity and abundance predators and parasitoids compared with cocoa plantation in Kaliwining that applied polyculture planting without using insecticide. Dominant predators in Banjarsari and in Kaliwining cocoa plantations were Dolichoderus thoracicus and Araneus diadematus, while dominant parasitoid in Banjarsari and in Kaliwining cocoa plantations was Araneus diadematus.
Financial Feasibility Study of Arabica Coffee: A Case Study in Poetete Village, Ermera District, Timor Leste Mateus Maia de Jesus; Lya Aklimawat; Budi Setiawan; Djoko Koestiono
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 33 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v33i2.267

Abstract

Coffee is not only the main export product in Timor Leste, but also a source of income for farmer household. The importance of coffee for Timor Leste community should be developed through market oriented farm management on coffee farming. The aim of this research was to analyze financial feasibility of Arabica coffee farming at farmer level; analyze sensitivity of coffee farming toward change in coffee productivity and price; and analyze correlation between productivity with socio-economic characteristics of farmers. This research was carried out at Poetete Village, Ermera Sub-district, Ermera District, Timor Leste. Primary and secondary data were collected in this research. Respondents were selected by stratified random sampling method. Financial feasibility study on coffee farming were analyzed by using Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) dan Net Benefit Cost Ratio (NBCR). Rank Spearman test was used to analyze the correlation between productivity with variable of production factors and socioeconomic characteristics of farmers. The results showed that Arabica coffee farming was financially feasible to be develop with NPV of USD 205,291,130; IRR of 17.449%; and Net B/C ratio of 2.911 at discount factor 10%. Arabica coffee farming at Poetete Village was classified less responsive toward productivity increasing at 10% and price decreasing at 10% with NPV of USD 37,367,151; IRR of 25.95%; and Net B/ C ratio of 3.862 at discount factor 1%. The correlation between productivity with land ownership (0.965), experience of farmers (0.613), age of farmers (0.663), farmers education level (0.748) and household size (0.791) were categorized as strong to very strong.

Page 21 of 41 | Total Record : 402

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