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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Food Safety of Animal Products That Viewed from Disease Aspect ., Supar; Ariyanti, Tati
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 4 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Animal diseases are tnajor factors affecting food producing anitnals at husbandry productions. The infectious and or non infectious diseases can influence the food quality of animal products and their safety for human consumption. The food safety of animal products becomes a world trade issue because it affects some aspects of human life quality and health. The food safety of anitnal products is defined at least by physical and health conditions of animal at preharvest period . It can be achieved by good manufacturing practice, beginning at animal production level up to the harvesting period. During this period, the animals must be protected against infection by pathogens of either bacteria, viruses or protozoa. linportant animal diseases which often cause problems during animal husbandry productions are anthrax, salmonellosis, brucellosis, tuberculosis, clostridiosis. colibacillosis, staphylococcosis. Some of the pathogens causing those diseases may also cause food poisoning and foodborne disease. The viral disease infection can affect food-safety at preharvest time but not at postharvest. At prcharvest period in fanns the disease can be controlled by vaccines and selected drug application. To obtain the good quality assurance of food producing animals and the safety for human consumption, the physical and the health conditions of animals can be determined visually. To determine the health status of food producing animals, each animal must be tested for the presence of pathogens and or specific antibody. This needs a veterinary laboratory facility with good equipments, chemical and diagnostic reagents. On the other hand, in order to pursue the good quality assurance of food producing animals up to the harvesting period, the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) and good agricultural practice (GAP) concepts in animal husbandry productions must be followed. Key words: Animal products, preharvest, human consumption, food safety

Broodiness Trait of Chicken Through Molecular Investigation Sartika, Tike
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 4 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Incubation behavior of Kampung chicken is associated with the cessation of egg laying, and intensity of broodiness trait depends on genetic and environmental factors such as breed, management system, type of cages and photo periodicity. In this review, broodiness trait was investigated through molecular analysis. The result of the study concluded that there are two hypothesis of genetic incubation behavior. Some authors agreed that the incubation behavior is controlled by a major gene sexlinked on the Z chromosome. The prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene is a candidate gene for broodiness trait on the Z chromosome. However, the expression of broodiness in White Leghorn and Bantam hens cannot be explained by differences in the amounts of PRLR mRNA in the transcription or gross structure of the PRLR gene. The other hypothesis concluded that the incubation behavior is controlled by a small number of dominant autosomal genes with no sex linkage. Prolactin promoter (PRLp) gene is the major gene autosomal as starting point to express prolactin gene on the 2 chromosome. Prolactin promoter gene could be represented by the broodiness bands. Genotype AA and AC is identified as the broody genotype and BB as the non broody genotype. Key words: Broodiness, prolactin receptor, prolactin promoter, Kampung chicken

Animal and Human Leptospirosis in Indonesia ., Kusmiyati; Noor, Susan M; ., Supar
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 4 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Leptospirosis is a disease caused by Leptospira spp. infection. It is a zoonotic disease that is world-widely distributed, particularly in the tropics, including Indonesia. Infected animals are the source of leptospirosis for humans, and these animals are secreting pathogens into the environment. The clinical signs off leptospirosis may vary from mild to severe and dead tray occur without a proper treatment. Due to the unspecific clinical sign, laboratory examination is required. However, isolation and identification the organism is time-consuming. Serological test is the most frequent way to confirm the clinical diagnosis, to determine prevalence in the community, and to conduct epidemiological studies. Vaccination with the appropriate antigen is used for controlling leptospirosis in animals. The multivalent Leplospira vaccine in Indonesia is developed according to the different types of serovar found in the field. The use of the appropriate vaccine combined with a good sanitation management could control leptospirosis in animals in the future. Key words: Leptospirosis, zoonosis, diagnosis, control

The Development of Japanese Encephalitis in Indonesia Sendow, Indrawati; Bahri, Sjamsul
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a zoonotic viral disease which causes encephalitis in children (5-9 years old) . The disease is transmitted by mosquitoes. The presence of JE virus, vector and reservoir host in Indonesia, will increase the concern of the possibility of JE outbreak in Indonesia. JE infection in human was reported by clinical and serological findings. Recently, JE case in Bali was declared as hyperendemic (usually sporadic) . In animals, JE infection has been confirmed by serology and viral isolation, while JE vector had been found in different species of mosquitoes by successful viral isolation from those mosquitoes. The prevention and control of JE are conducted by socialization about JE to the society, by cutting the JE transmission cycle (virus, vector and host), including pig farm relocation . The development of regional laboratories (facilities and human resources) to diagnose JE and the establishment BSL of 3 laboratory in the central laboratory institute to isolate the JE virus and to conduct further JE research on the role of animal in transmitting JE to human, must be conducted . Key words : Japanese encephalitis, epidemiology, diagnose, animals, human

Forced Molting: A Technique to Improve The Egg Production of Duck in The Next Laying Cycle Setioko, Argono Rio
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Molting is a physiological process that involves the shedding of old feathers and the growth of the new one in birds. It is affected by hormonal, where the ovary regresses and the egg production automatically ceases. Although molting is a natural phenomena, this can be induced artificially that commonly called "forced molting" by manipulating the environment such as feed, water, light or chemical compounds. This method is aimed to shed the feathers spontaneously and stop the egg production. After having a rest from laying, the birds start laying again at the same time and hopefully have a better egg production. Beside increasing egg production, forced molting could also extend the laying period up to the certain economical level. This paper describes the term of molting, process of molting and techniques of forced molting technique. Key words: Molting, forced molting, duck, egg

The Prospect of Integrated Rearing Between "Tiktok" (Mule Ducks) with Rice, Fish and Azolla in Dki Jakarta Province Bakrie, B; ., Suwandi; Simanjuntak, L
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The amount of meat-type ducks consumed by people who live in DKI Jakarta area is approximately 5 .000 heads/day . Most of these ducks are coming from traditional market or duck collecting areas in Tangerang, Karawang and Bekasi . The meat-type ducks sold in those markets are primarily the young male egg-type ducks, culled laying ducks and male/female Muscovy . Some mule ducks, a crossing between Muscovy and common ducks, are also sold in the market, but only in a small proportion of about 5% of the amount of total ducks sold at one time . An outstanding mule duck has been developed through artificial insemination between male Muscovy with female egg-type duck, which is called as Tiktok . This Tiktok has some advantage than the other meat-type duck, including faster growing, higher meat proportion, lower fat in the meat and has a softer meat texture, this makes Tiktok meat better taste than the meat of the egg-type duck . However, the Tiktok consumes a significant amount of feed, therefore it requires a higher cost for its feed . This paper will discuss a model, which may be used to reduce the cost in rearing the Tiktok so that more benefit could be obtained from various commodities under an integrated farming system . The model that is proposed in this paper is an integrated rearing of the Tiktok with rice and fish with utilization of Azolla (Azolla microphylla), a water plant . Key words : Integrated farming, mule ducks, rice, fish, Azolla

Toxocariasis in Animals and The Risks in Human Being Estuningsih, S Endah
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Toxocariasis is usually caused by infection of Toxocara cati to cats, T. canis to dogs and T. vitulorum to cattle or buffaloes. The disease is not recognized and often underestimated by the owners or farmers. Toxocara is a pathogenic gastrointestinal worm and the larva could attack internal organs, cause diarrhea and kill the animals if the disease is not seriously handled . Some species of Toxocara is not only danger to the animals but it could also infect the human being . In human infected by with Toxocara, the larval can cause visceral larval migrans and resulting in symptom such as vomiting. Ocular larval migrans can also result from infection, which causes permanent eye damage in human. Prevention of toxocariasis could be done by avoiding contamination of the environment from eggs, coming from infected animals and also by treating with anthelmintic regularly. Key words: Toxocariasis, Toxocara cati. T. canis, T. vitulorum

Improvement of Public Awareness on Fasciolosis as Zoonosis Disease Martindah, Eny; Widjajanti, S; Estuningsih, S E; ., Suhardono
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Fasciolosis is commonly suffered by the ruminants such as cattle and buffaloes, and as one of the most important parasitic disease . The prevalence of fasciolosis in ruminants is related to the contaminated feedstuff and water supply with metacercariae, the infective larvae of trematode genus Fasciola spp ., such as Fasciola gigantica and F. hepatica. In Indonesia, the prevalence of this disease in ruminants could be up to 90%, and there is no case report on human being . However, the occurrence of this disease in human should be anticipated, since many cases have been reported in human in the other countries, such as South America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and South East Asia (Thailand and Vietnam), as "Food-borne infection" and as one of the most important issues in public health . Ironically, the farmers and the extension agents in Indonesia do not aware on the danger of this disease neither to the animals nor to human, so they also do not care on how to prevent and control the disease. This phenomenon appears maybe because fasciolosis is a chronic disease without any significant clinical signs and quite difficult to be detected . Thus, it is very important to improve the public awareness on fasciolosis both in ruminants and its possibility in human being . The endemic areas can be defined by epidemiological surveillance using accurate early diagnostic test, so that strategic and sustainable fasciolosis control in the endemic areas could be implemented . This program will be succeeded if there is strong integrated collaboration among the farmers, the extension agents, the researchers and the decision makers in the related departments . Key words : Fasciolosis, zoonosis, public awareness

Infection of Chicken Anaemia Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Clinical Sign, Pathological Changes and Disease Control Wahyuwardani, Sutiastuti; Syafriati, Tatty
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Initially, Chicken anaemia virus (CAV) is known as CAA, which was first isolated by Yuasa in Japan in 1976. CAV particles are non enveloped with a diameter of 19 .1-20 .7nm, belonging to the family Circoviridae, genus Gyrovirus . CAV infection was first appeared in Indonesia at the same time as the outbreak of stunting and runting syndrome in 1996 with a mortality rate of 5-15% but it may reach to 60%. CAV can be transmitted vertically or horizontally. Chicken all ages is susceptible to infection. Infection of CAV occurred in young chicken flock at 2-3 weeks growth of age, causing clinical signs while in old chicken flock which is sub clinical. The signs of infectious of CAV are retarded, anaemia, anorexia, pale of face and pial. The pathology anatomy changes are pale carcases, yellowish bone marrow, atrophy of thymus and bursa fabricius . Whereas, histophatological changes are thymic necrosis of cortex and medulla, lymphocyte depletion of thymus, bursa fabricius and bone marrow. Diagnose of CAV is based on pathological changes and followed by the isolation of certain lymphoblastoid chicken cell MDCC-MSB I and then, is identified by virus neutralization. The presence of virus can also be identified by immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase staining, in situ hybridization technique or PCR. For antibody detection, ELISA technique can be used. The syndromes of CAV infection are closely associated with those of osteopetrosis, reovirus, infectious bursal disease (IBD) and Marek. Vaccination programme in breeding farm is needed to induce maternal antibody. This paper describes the CAV disease and its occurrence in Indonesia. Key word : Chicken anaemia virus, diagnose, pathology anatomy, histopathology, control

The Role of Salmonella Enteritidis in Chicken and its Product Ariyanti, Tati; ., Supar
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Free pathogenic microorganism of food derived from animals is a prerequisite for human consumption . One of the important pathogenic microorganisms originated from animal product of food is Salmonella. Salmonella enteritidis is frequently found in chicken and spreads vertically as well as horizontally products (eggs, meats and meat products) by direct or indirect contact. Salmonella that contaminated animal product of food can cause foodborne disease in human . Foodborne disease associated with Salmonella occurred in some parts of the world including Indonesia . This problem needs attention from the government, producers and consumers. In the animal production especially chicken, it is demanded to provide animal food and their products free from Salmonella . This is an important indicator of safety food condition . Salmonella control programs in the animal production level begin with raising free-Salmonella day old chick with free Salmonella feed, good farm environmental sanitation . Further more, the monitoring program of Salmonella in farm and post harvest process needs to be conducted . Appropriate handlings of animals and their products are important to obtain food of animal products that are healthy and safe for human consumption . Key word: Salmonella enteritidis, contamination, meat, egg

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Indonesian Center for Animal Science Research and Development Jl. Raya Pajajaran Kav E-59 Bogor 16151 Bogor Indonesia

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INDONESIA