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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Utilization of Milk Replacer for Lambs and Kids at Preweaning Period ., Suprijati
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 24, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Milk replacer is a mixture of various feed ingredients and feed additives. This paper reviews the formulation of milk replacer, its chemical composition and nutrient requirement, methods of giving milk replacer and effect of milk replacer on the preweaning growth of small ruminant. In the formulation, the available local feed ingredients should be used with consideration of its nutrient composition. Milk replacers could be formulated from skim milk 50-64%, vegetable oil 16-17% or animal fat 20-28%, soy protein 50-57%, whey 35%, cereal or its byproduct 10% and 1-2% vitamin and mineral mix. The recommendation of protein and fat contents were 18-22% and 10-20% for kids, 20-24% and 20-30% for lambs, respectively. Raising the lambs and kids includes feeding colostrum at birth until 3-4 days of life, followed by feeding milk replacer until weaning. At three weeks of life, kids were introduced solid feed, as concentrates or forages. Early weaning could be carried out when the kids reached 9-10 kg of live weight and consumed 120 g/d of solid feed or at the age of 6-8 weeks. Milk replacer formulated according to the recommendation of nutrient requirement gave good performance. Key words: Nutrient composition, performance, milk replacer, feeding method, lamb, kid

Potency and Utilization of Cocoa Pod Husk as an Alternative Feed for Ruminants Puastuti, Wisri; Susana, IWR
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 24, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Cocoa pod husk (CPH) is potential as an alternative source of feed for ruminants due to its quantity and quality. The availability of CPH in Indonesia during the harvest season is abundant and able to feed around 635,305 animal unit (AU) per year. Cocoa pod husk as a feedstuff which contains crude protein between 6.80-13.78%; NDF 55.30-73.90% and ADF 38.31-58.98% is a source of fiber and can replace grass. However, CPH also contains antinutritional compounds such as lignin, tannin and theobromine. In order to optimize the use of CPH as feed, treatments are needed to improve the nutritive value and digestibility, to reduce negative effects and to extend shelf life. Processing methods can be conducted physically, chemically and microbiologically. Processing can improve the nutritional value of CPH especially the protein content. Feeding livestock using processed CPH showed better weight gain than that of unprocessed CPH. Besides, the attempt to utilize CPH as feed can overcome the shortage of forage, especially during dry season and increase ruminant productivity around the area of cocoa plantations. Key words: Cocoa pod husk, alternative feed, processing, ruminant

Antigent Type Variation of Salmonella Pullorum Found in Indonesiaand the Spread of Salmonella Serotypes in Chicken Poernomo, J Sri
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2004)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Salmonella pullorum (0,, 9,, 2 antigen structure) is the cause of pullorum disease attacking young ages under a month with a mortality rate between 20% and 80% and adult chickens act as carriers. The disease is spread horizontally and vertically trough the eggs from the hens to their chicks . Treatment with antibiotics and sulfa only reduces the infection, but it can not break the spreading cycle. The disease can be eliminated by conducting pullorum test on hens prior to egg laying . Hens with positive results (reactors) must be killed/removed from the farms. Pullorum antigen is made from S. pullorum . Suspension S. Pullorum has a somatic antigen structure (O) with varied factor 12 consisting of 12 1, 122 and 123 fractions thereby we recognize S. pullorum standard, i.e . S. pullorum possessing antigen structure with fraction 12 3 dominant, variant with fraction 122 dominant and intermediate of balance 12 2 and 123 If chickens in the field infected by S. pullorum variants are tested with S. Pullorum antigen standard, it is not detected and vice versa. Therefore, Pullorum antigen must contain S. pullorum antigen standard and variant known as polyvalent Pullorum antigen. In Indonesia, from 1971 to 1982, 25 isolates were isolated from fauns in Bogor, Jakarta, Bandung and Medan, and after bring tested serologically (fast agglutination) there were 5 isolates of S. Pullorum standard, 14 isolates of S. pullorum variant, 1 of the S. pullorum intermediate, and 5 isolates of rough shapes. Therefore, the Pullorum antigens used in Indonesia and the world generally colored polyvalent antigen S. pullorum standard and S. Pullorum and S. pullorum variant. In this paper, it is also reported the spread of Salmonella serotypes tested by at Research Institute for Veterinary Science from 1984 to 2003 . Key words: Salmonella pullorum, chicken, antigen S. pullorum

The Prospect of Controlling Parasitic Deseases with Biological Agents Tampubolon, Mangaraja P
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 4 (2004)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Generally, parasitic diseases in animals may be caused by protozoa, ectoparasites and helminthes. The diseases appearing in the hosts may range from delicate to fatal disturbances depending on the parasite types, pathogeny, location, and various factors. The diseases may be spread directly or though vectors. Inthe area ofanimal health, including veterinary world, tropical diseases spread by vectors are the main cause for morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Unwise use of pesticides has caused many negative impacts both in the form of resistance to the disease vectors and to the environment. The utilization of biological agents or natural enemies is generally known as biological control for pest organism . Biological control has been carried out in the area of agricultural and plantation, mainly using predators for pest insects. The use of parasitic and pathogenic agents in biological control appeared much later. Several natural enemies have reached the operational utilization or extensive trial stage. Among them are Bacillus thuringiensis and B. spahericus. Those showing prospect are fungi, such as Lagenidium giganteum with industrial scale prospect. Invertebrate predator Toxorhynchites sp. has a good natural control potency as shown by the experiment result in the field. The presence of effective and save biological control will extensively support the disease control. In this paper, the use of nematofagus fungus as an alternative for nematode control in the ruminant digestive system is used as an example. Key words: Parasitic disease, biological control, animal

Alternative Policy in Managing Sustainable Genetic Resources of Local Beef Cattle for National Livestock Breeding System Hardjosubroto, Wartomo
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 3 (2004)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Various efforts have been done by the government to enhance the productivity and population of beef cattle in Indonesia. One of the programs that have been carried out for a long time is crossbreeding using artificial insemination method with frozen semen known as AI program. Not less than 10 breeds of imported beef cattle have been introduced . However, the cross breeding is not followed by a clear breeding program, thus if it is not straightened out it will have negative impacts on the quality of the breed. In fact, due to the decentralization euphoria several regions established their own Artificial Insemination station (AIS). Providing there is no clear breeding program carried out, there will be a decrease in the livestock productivity, such as the increase of inbreeding . Several alternatives in managing sustainable genetic resources of local beef cattle (for examples, Bali cattle, Madura cattle, Ongole cross breed, and Sumba Ongole) are: (1) The broadening of grass field through the integrated concept of plant and livestock and livestock "transmigration" ; (2) the alteration of regulations regarding the authority of the central government related to the quality of livestock genetic, the conservation of local cattle areas, and the authority of the National Germ plasm Commission; (3) Revitalization of the role of seed stock Institutes, reviving ranching ; and (4) The importance of cross breeding impacts on productivity and its economic contribution . Key words: Beefcattle, breeding system, alternative of policy

Application of Technology on Improving Beef Cattle Productivity in East Nusa Tenggara B, Wirdahayati R
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 20, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The Province of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) had been one of the major beef cattle suppliers under traditional management system in Indonesia. The beef cattle farming that based on grazing native pasture and the introduction of shrub legumes (Leucaena leucocephala) may contribute to around 15 â 50% of the farmersâ household income. In the last few years, supply of beef cattle tended to decline due to the decrease in cattle population in NTT. Some basic improvements in management and feeding toward increasing beef cattle productivities had been carried out in Nusa Tenggara, such as a baseline survey on Cattle Health and Productivity Survey (CHAPS) conducted in 1990 â 1992. The objective of the program was to identify the existing beef cattle productivity and health condition throughout Nusa Tenggara. A collaborative research with the Ministry of Research and Technology (Integrated Prime Research) had also been carried out and the result showed that early weaning in Bali calves that can be practised as early as 3 â 6 months to prevent calves losses during the dry season. A program of the Assessment on Beef Cattle Base Farming Activities had also been conducted to improve fattening and breeding practices through the improvement in beef cattle management and feeding systems. At the latest development, fattening scheme has been introduced under a partnership approach involving private sectors and cooperatives. This needs to be facilitated by the government to accelerate the program such as access to capital and intensive extension services to build farmers awareness toward profit oriented beef cattle farming. Optimalization of the available potential resources and technology in NTT, will be an opportunity to enhance beef cattle production and gains back the reputation as one of the major producing beef cattle in the past. This will also support the national livestock program nowadays, called Beef Cattle Self Sufficiency Program 2014. Key words: Beef cattle, productivity, technology, East Nusa Tenggara

Purification Method and Storage of Primordial Germ Cells-Circulation for Preservation of Local Chicken Kostaman, Tatan
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 24, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) can be used for producing transgenic chickens and preserving genetic material of avian species. Primordial germ cells are precursor of germline cells that could be made proliferation and differentiation to become spermatogonia in testes or oogonia in ovary. Primordial germ cells has a unique migration path, so that the PGCs can be isolated and collected from embryos and propagated and developed through the culture. This paper describes the isolation, collection, purification, storage and transfer of PGCs-circulation of local chickens in Indonesia. Some amount of PGCs-circulation were collected from Gaok chicken at stage 15 as the safe level using cryoprotectant DMSO and some chicks hatched after transfering the PGCs-circulation to recipient embryo. Thus, this technology would be useful for preservation of Indonesian local chicken. Key words: Local chicken, primordial germ cells, cryopreservation

Review on the Performances of Cihateup Duck (Anas platyrhynchos Javanica) as Genetic Resource of Local Poultry in Indonesia Matitaputty, Procula R; ., Suryana
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 24, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Cihateup duck is one of the local Indonesian poultry genetic resources originated from West Java. These ducks are raised in Tasikmalaya and its surrounding area. Cihateup duck raised as layer or meat type duck is potential to provide business opportunities for people in West Java. For future development of Cihateup duck, some important potential characteristics of Cihateup ducks are required. This paper describes the phenotype performance, rearing management of Cihateup ducks and its genetic relationship with other ducks. Cihateup ducks have longer neck, wing, femur and tibia compared with other Indonesian ducks. Egg production (200 egg/head/year) is lower than Alabio and Mojosari ducks. The quality of meat (taste and flavour) is less preferred by consumers because of its odor. Genetic relationship between Cihateup duck with local ducks in Java is closer than Alabio ducks from South Kalimantan. Key words: Cihateup duck, performance, genetic resource

Residue of Aflatoxin and Its Metabolites on Various Animal Products and Its Prevention Widiastuti, Raphaella
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 24, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Aflatoxins especially aflatoxin B1 is mycotoxins that must be concerned. When consumed by livestock, it becomes aflatoxin M1 and other metabolites in animal products that harmful for public health. This paper provides information of aflatoxins residues and their metabolites in a variety of animal origin food (milk, meat and eggs) and the prevention of their occurrence. Aflatoxin residues were found in a variety of livestock and dairy products in various countries including Indonesia. Due to its stability in any processing or storage methods, preventing aflatoxins enter the food chain is essential. Implementing the regulatory limits for aflatoxins in feed and food should be made to avoid further effect on human health. Information and extensive monitoring of aflatoxins should be carried out not only in milk but also in many different types of animal products (buffalo, quail, sheep and goat), as the data in Indonesia is not yet available. Key words: Residue, aflatoxins, animal products, prevention

Developing Beef Cattle Industry at Smallholders to Support Beef Self-Sufficiency Widiati, Rini
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 24, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

More than 90% of local beef supply derived from smallholder farmers with a relatively slow in growth that could not meet national demand. Price of imported beef was lower than that of the local beef, thus price adjustment in farmers level was not profitable. The purpose of this study is to recommend alternative strategies to develop beef cattle industry under smallholdersâ farmers condition. Strategies to develop the beef cattle industry are (1) To provide agricultural markets in order to facilitate farmerâs access easily to get some production inputs; (2) To facilitate technology that can be applied by farmers to increase cattle productions, hence improving farmersâ welfare; (3) To create a profitable market for animal produced by farmers; and (4) To establish subsystem of financing institutions at the village level to finance farmerâs cattle business. The inter-relationship among those strategies is needed to harmonize the implementation, supported by operational government policy. Key words: Industry, beef cattle, beef self-sufficiency

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