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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Awareness of African Horse Sickness as an Emerging Arbovirus Disease Atik Ratnawati; Muharam Saepullah; Indrawati Sendow; NLP Indi Dharmayanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 28, No 4 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

African horse sickness (AHS) is one of the important arbovirus diseases in horse. The disease is fatal and should be transmitted by vector. This disease is potential to spread rapidly and has impacts in public health and socio-economic, especially in the international trade of horses and its products. The paper describes AHS, some factors that influence the disease, how to control the disease and its current situation in Indonesia. African horse sickness has been declared as notifiable disease in OIE list, therefore, the disease becomes strategic in the country that has high horse population. Climate changes affect vector population and spreading of the disease. In order to anticipate the entering of AHS infection in Indonesia, the government needs to facilitate the research on horse diseases including the safe laboratory facilities to handle exotic diseases and provide diagnostic tool for early detection.

The Potency and Diversity of Genetic Resources of Ongole Cross Breed Maria Astuti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 3 (2004): SEPTEMBER 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The populations of Ongole Grade cattle in 1991 reached 4,600,000 heads dominating the number ofbeef cattle in Indonesia and they were concentrated in Java . However, a dramatic decrease occurred and in 2001 it was reported that the population was amounted to 874,000 heads and they were still concentrated in Java . As genetic resources of local cattle the population increase needs to be carried out immediately particularly outside Java island where a large number of Ongole Grade are reared . The biological reproduction and production potency shows a very significant variation, the average performance reported shows that the role of environment is crucial. The Ongole Grade cattle are very sensitive to feed changes and improvements . The averages of Ongole cross breed calf crop community farms that had been reported were 36%, 52.63%, 54 .60%, and 59.32% . The low percentage is due to a long period of gap between calving caused by bad reproduction and mating management. The average value that has been reported for S/C ranges from 1 .29 for the smallest and 2 .23 for the highest, for the shortest period of having a calf is13 .75 months and the longest is 20 .30 months, the shortest period of mating after having a calf is 97.80 days and the longest is 309.00 days. The average values reported for daily weight gain after pre-weaning is 0.62 kg and post weaning is 0.24 kg, for calves ages 4-12 months it ranges from 0.34 to 0.37 kg, for those ages 13 to 24 months it ranges from 0.31to 0.40 kg, for those ages 2 years it ranges from 0.44 to-0 .91kg. The genetic potency of Ongole cross breed cattle has not widely known as the data are not yet available. Performance identification and recording of Ongole cross breed cattle needs to be carried out immediately. Theoretically, it is assumed that the diversity ofgenetic resources of Ongole cross breed cattle is quite extensive as they are less experienced selection. The enhancement of Ongole cross breed cattle productivity is carried out through breeding efforts by taking genetic resources conservation into consideration, and they require sufficient environmental support. The development and conservation regions for Ongole Grade cattle need to be determined by the government policy . In those regions Ongole crossbreed cattle are purely reared and their genetic quality should be improved. Selection method among the population can be carried out and conservation model can imitate P3 Bali model which adopts the Open Nucleus Breeding Scheme (ONBS). The productivity enhancement through cross breeding with exotic stock will only be done with well plan with a certain target . Cross breeding is heterosis, thus cross breeding for beef cattle will only enhance production characteristics, but not the reproduction ones. The interaction between heterosis and the environment is very important, therefore cross breeding between a couple of stock breed in an environment may not suitable in another environment . Estimation on the effect of additive and heterosis is required as a principle consideration in choosing the cross breeding system to be conducted besides the choice on the exotic breed, which recently tends to use Europe Bos taurus . Key words: Ongole Grade cattle, animal genetic resources

The Potency and Quality of Goat’s Semen for Technological Application of Artificial Insemination Fitra Aji Pamungkas
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 1 (2009): MARCH 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The productivity of local goat is still relatively lower compared to that of other breed for sub-tropic area. Efforts for increasing its productivity through crossbreeding with genotypes goat could be approached by technological application of artificial insemination (AI). In supporting this technology, the viability of semen for both quality and quantity is needed. Evaluation of Indonesian goat semen characterisation shows a potency for frozen semen. The survive ability of sperm in fresh semen is very limited therefore reducing the temperature to -5°C (chilled semen) or -196°C (frozen semen) could be done to maintain its survive ability. Optimalization of frozen semen could be done by diluting in Tris extender with 6% glycerol, equilibrating for 4 hours and cooling for 4 – 5 minutes above surface of LN2 before stored in LN2 (-196°C). Thawing at > 7°C for 30 seconds resulted in the highest percentage of mortility (52.0%) and survivability (65.03%). Chilled semen is the best alternative for artificial insemination (AI) in the field condition where the supply of container and liquid nitrogen are limited. The survivability of chilled semen could be maintained for 8 days and the highest percentage of pregnancy resulted from chilled semen stored up to 24 – 48 hours. Key words : Goat, semen quality, frozen semen, chilled semen, artificial insemination

The Advance of Technology of Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction in Identifying the Genome of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Diseases Dyah Ayu Hewajuli; NLPI Dharmayanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 24, No 1 (2014): MARCH 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Avian Influenza (AI) viruses are zoonotic and caused death in humans. Newcastle Diseases (ND) virus has an economical impact in poultry. Therefore, the identification and characterization of AI and ND viruses that are appropriate, accurate and quick are important to protect human and poultry health. Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was the latest gold standard to detect the genome of AI and ND viruses. Recently, RT-PCR was developed in routine diagnosis and research. RT-PCR is a method to amplify the sequences of DNA genome, preceded by reverse transcriptase process with the primer-mediated enzymatic. Some factors that influenced detection of AI and ND are design primer and probe, types of samples, enzyme, reagent composition, amplification temperature and cycles, technical and non-technical factors such as contamination and trained staff. Modified conventional and real time RT-PCR are able to improve the specificity and sensitivity of the test. Key words: Detection, Avian Influenza, Newcastle Diseases, RT-PCR

Synchrony of Protein and Energy in The Rumen to Maximize The Production of Microbial Protein Simon P Ginting
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 1 (2005): MARCH 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Justification for continued use of ruminants for competitive meat production reside in I) their ability to hydrolyse structural carbohydrate (not used by non ruminant animals) as a source of energy, 2) their ability to transform non protein nitrogen substances into ruminal microbial protein, and 3) their ability to use microbial protein as their main protein sources for production . Through fermentation in the rumen, microbial protein supply 70-100 percent of total protein available and 70-85 percent of energy to the animal . Therefore, the role of efficient rumen fermentation to yield microbial protein is vital to the ruminants . Fermentation efficiency does not only depend on the nutrient contents of the diets, but is strongly influenced by the rate of degradation of the nutrients in the rumen, particularly protein and carbohydrate (CHO) . Significant improvement in the fermentation efficiency could be achieved when protein and energy (CI-IO) degradations occur in harmony (synchrony) during the fermentation period . The Cornell system could be used in accommodating the synchrony of protein and energy degradation in ration formulation . For this, fractionation of CHO and protein based on their degradability is required . This system fractionates the CFIO into fraction A (fastly degraded), fraction B I ( intermediate), fraction B2 (slowly degraded) and fraction C (not degraded) . The same fractionation is applied to protein nainely fraction A (soluble ; non protein nitrogen), fraction B t (soluble protein), fraction B2 (mostly degradable protein), fraction B3 (not degradable protein) and fraction C (not available protein) . Alternatively, synchronization of protein and CHO degradation in ration formulation could use Synchronization Index (SI) as an i ndicator . S I describes the ratio between the degradation of N and organic matter (OM) or CHO . St of 1 .0 indicates perfect synchrony, while SI<1 .0 indicates the degree of asynchrony . Data on the degradation rate of protein and CHO of agricultural wastes or by-products as well as agroindustry by-products in Indonesia is very limited . It is urged to develop the data base on these degradation characteristics in order to fully use the phenomenon of protein and energy synchrony to formulate rations based on the locally available feedstuffs . Key words : Synchronization, energy . protein, fermentation, efficiency

Possibility of Usingdata Satellite Forestimate of Forage Production Mursyid Ma'sum
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 8, No 1 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

One of factors to analyse carrying capacity for ruminant of one area is to calculate the forage potency which includes grasses, leave and agricultural by-product. Estimation of forage potency is affected by agroclimate variation, type and land topography and traditional agricultural system . The data availability on forage potency of one area usually is very limited so that the accuracy on area potency will also be low. Remote sensing technique using LANDSAT satellite managed by LAPAN could provide satellite image data on a specific area . 1lvough interpretation of satellite image data by hard and softwares, supported by topography map, thematic map, and agricultural statistic data, forage potency on one area could be analysed quicker and more accurate. Based on forage potency, carrying capacity ofone area can be determined . Key words : Satellite data, production of forage

Zoonosis that is Transmitted Through Food Tri Budhi Murdiati; Indrawati Sendow
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 16, No 1 (2006): MARCH 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Zoonosis can be transmitted through a number of routes including food of animal products . Foodborne disease is a disease transmitted through food, while zoonosis is defined as a disease that can be transmitted from animal to man or vice versa . Then, if agent in foodborne disease is a zoonotic, it could be defined as foodborne zoonosis . The outbreaks of Bovine Spongioform Encephalopathy (BSE) followed by Avian influenza (AI) have caused increasing concern in the food safety of animal products, especially after men were confirmed die from Al infection . Consumers are wondering whether the disease could be transmitted through the animal products from the infected animals . The safety of animal originated food is affected by the practices along the food chain, from farm to consumer plate . Human health hazard could enter the food at any points of the food chain . At the food preparation, some of the foodborne zoonosis can be prevented by the program of five keys for safer food, i .e. keep food clean, separate raw from cooked food, cook food thoroughly, store food at safe temperatures and use water and raw materials that are safe . Key words : Zoonosis, foodborne disease, food safety

Methods of Detection Anthelmintic Resistance in Sheep and Goats Dyah Haryuningtyas; Beriajaya .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Anthelmintic resistance to gastrointestinal nematode of sheep and goats has been reported world wide to all of broad spectrum anthelmintic types currently available, such as benzimidazoles, levamizole and ivermectin. In South-East Asia anthelmintic resistance to small ruminants was reported in Malaysia, Thailand and Philippines. In Indonesia resistances to albendazole have been reported from sheep farm in Bogor. With regard to resistance cases, early detection for anthelmintic resistance on sheeps and goats to spesific types of anthelmintic that commonlly used are required to plan rationale strategic control program. Detection methods for anthelmintic resistance are Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT), Egg Hatch Assay (EHA) and Larval Development Assay (LDA). LDA is an in vitro assay to detect anthelmintic resistant in the major of gastrointestinal nematodes on sheep and goats that have just been introduced in Indonesia. This paper explains the comparison of three detection methods and goodness of LDA compared with other two methods. Key words: Anthelmintic resistance, sheep, goat, Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT), Egg Hatch Assay (EHA), LarvalDevelopment Assay (LDA)

Processing and Nutritional Value of Corn By-Product as Ruminant Feed Uum Umiyasih; Elizabeth Wina
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 3 (2008): SEPTEMBER 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Corn is a commodity that can be used as food or feed since in some areas, it sometimes replaces rice as the staple food and is also required as feed ingredient especially for poultry. There are several kinds of by-products produced after corn harvest and from corn based industry. These by-products are very potential to be used as ruminant feed. Nutritional quality of corn by-products varies but is not high enough to be used as a sole diet. To optimize its utilization, by-products quality should be improved and should be supplemented by other feed ingredients. Simple preservation technology of corn by-products should be continously disseminated and done by farmers to provide sustainable feed for their livestock during dry season. Key words: Corn by-products, feed, ruminant

Prospect of Dairy Cattle Development Outside Java Island to Support Milk Self Sufficiency in Indonesia Rasali Hakim Matondang; Chalid Talib; Tati Herawati
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 22, No 4 (2012): DECEMBER 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Dairy cattle in Indonesia have known as Holstein Friesian (FH) cows with the highest milk production in the world. The cow have a good adaptability to subtropical to tropical climate, and from highlands to lowlands. The FH cows grow quite well in areas with an altitude of more than 700 m above sea level as well as in lowland areas with a range of 0 – 300 m above sea level such as in Pasuruan (East Java), Sumedang (West Java), and Kampar (Riau). FH cows produce milk in a range between 3000 – 4000 liters per lactation or an average of 10.7 liter/head/day. Indonesia has a good prospect to develop dairy industry due to a potential of population that nearly to 240 million people. Milk consumption tends to increase along with growth on economic and income per capita of Indonesia people. Domestic milk production has only reached 30% of national demand. Up to the moment, production center of dairy population has concentrated in Java (99%), even though it has limitation on land availability and feed sources. Therefore, the development of dairy industry outside of Java need to be supported as the strengths to do are available such as a market potential for fresh milk, adaptability of climate and local feed resources. The central and provincial government have to accelerate the roles on facilitation and regulation including easily access to financial sources to get liability of commercial credit for farming business. Key words: Dairy cow, outside java, milk self-sufficiency

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