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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Market Outlook and Trading System Beef Cattle in Nusa Tenggara Barat Ilham, Nyak
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB or the West Nusa Tenggara) Province is known as one of the centers of cattle production. The demand of local and national beef tend to increase. The local demand is noted still under the threshold of national standard of food sufficiency. Improvement on public welfare will subsequatly increase demandof weat. This study aimed to analyze local markets potential of beef in NTB, to analyze the contribution of NTB at national market, to analyze trading systems of cattle and beef, to assess functional relationship between the local and inter regional markets. The study was carried out in August 2000, in west Nusa Tenggara Province, using a survey method. Primary data were gathered through interviews from a number of farmers and cattle traders based on structural questionaire. Secondary data were collected from related institutions and a number of key people in NTB. Descriptive analyses were used to interpret the results. Results showed that (1) Local beef market in this area still prospective to improved. On the other hand, the involvement of NTB as a player in national market tend to be decreased. But the share quite constant and tend to be increased. (2) An efficient trading systems of cattle and beef were noticed, where farmers gained 76% of the total value paid by cattle trader and the rest was for wholesalers and retailers. (3) There was functional relationship of the local and national markets where demands for national market caused increasing the price of local market. To keep the role of this region as center of national cattle production, breakthrough efforts are needed to improve production sector by accelerating population growth and also by providing conducive circumstances in the policy to meet competitive advantage in national market. Â Key words: Cattle and beef, prospect, marketing, NTB

Using Artificial Insemination Technology in Goats Tambing, Surya Natal; Gazali, Muhamad; Purwantara, Bambang
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 1 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

In general, local goat productivity in Indonesia is relatively still lower than that from the temperate area. Yearling body weight in local goat about 14-17 kg. However, the local goat have superiority, such as adaptability and a good reproductive performance, which have litter size 1,49-1,61. Increasing local goat productivity may be done by breeding program (cross breeding and selection) and the environmental improvement. Both cross breeding program and selection that involve mating regulation will be efficient by reproductive technology application, such as artificial insemination (AI). Application of AI in goats is limited by four main factors that influence simultaneously, viz. poor quality of frozen semen, the variety of female reproductive performance, improper technical and insemination time, and poor management. To overcome these constraints his obligatory to pay more attention, so that AI will be able to be used as one of tools to increase the population and genetic quality in goats. Â Key words: Goat, reproductive efficiency, artificial insemination

Improvement of National Beef Cattle Breeding System Talib, Chalid
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 1 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Fulfillment of animal protein in Indonesia, come from animal products including fish i.e. meat, milk and egg. In the early of 1900 period beef cattle was a major product contributing to animal protein consumption but in the current decade poultry products come to replace it. Reformation in breeding strategy and its combination with feed conversion can enhance production efficiency and product number, maintain the continuity and the quality of products. These factors have not been included in a breeding plan for beef cattle, yet. The only appropriate breeding program is in Bali cattle that have not introduced feed intake and conversion into the planning. The ideal breeding program is to produce elite breeding stock and high quality of final stock from crossbreds that is labeled as a quality standard of the animal including recognized feed conversion and daily gain weight. Â Key words: Improvement, breeding, beef cattle, national

Banana Plant as Ruminant Feed Wina, Elizabeth
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 1 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Banana plant is a very common and very quickly multiplied plant in tropical areas such Indonesia. Its potential usage as animal or ruminant feed in Indonesia has not been deeply studied, whereas in Latin American countries, this plant has been well used as animal feed. The proximate analysis shows that the moisture content is extremely high in pseudostem, which can be a hindrance in intake. The ash content is also very high indicating a very high mineral level in pseudostem. The water fraction, contained high soluble minerals, phenolic compounds and simple sugar compounds, whereas the presence of starch in corm may be used as an energy source. Feeding banana plant usually is mixed with other feedstuff as protein or energy source, therefore banana plant is utilized as roughage substituting grasses. There is a need to look for other potential usage of banana plant, which may be as energy or mineral source or as protein protector. Â Key words: Banana, ruminant

Economic Assessment of Fattening Beef Cattle Through The Rice Straw Utilization Priyanti, Atien; Kostaman, T; Haryanto, B; Diwyanto, K
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 1 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Based on the agricultural production, Indonesia has very high potential to increase rice production through the implementation of adapted and liable technology. The role of non-rice sub sector is also needed to harmonize management in various aspects, in which one of them is livestock sub sector. This management could be done through the development of livestock farming using the rice straw as one of the potential animal feed. The objective of the study was to get a conceptual integrated systems of rice production based on livestock (cattle) development. The estimation of bio-economic for rice straw fermented utilization as animal feed has been done through observation of the cattle biological parameter. An economic approach that has been used in the study was the partial budget analysis including the feed cost per gain (FC/g) and gross margin analysis. The results of the study has shown that FC/g of the cattle from Boyolali and Sumba Ongole (SO) were the most efficient in using the feed compared to the other four cattle. Those were Rp.4600,- and Rp.4995,- per head per day for cattle from Boyolali and SO, respectively. The two types of cattle also reached the gross margin estimation, however SO cattle was slightly less than that of the cattle from Boyolali (Rp.2854,- vs Rp.2897,- ) per head per day. The differences were very much depending on the growth rate of each type of the cattle. Â Key words: Feed cost per gain, gross margin estimation, rice straw, beef cattle farming

The Veterinary Microbal Germ Plasm Applicability on Animal Husbandry Development: The Future Expectation of Enterotoxigenic, Enteropathogenic and Verotoxigenic Locally Isolated Escherichia Coli Vaccines for Controlling Neonatal Colibacillosis in Piglets and Calves ., Supar
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 1 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are the major causes of neonatal diarrhoea in piglets and calves. The prevalence of diarrhoeal cases and mortality in neonatal piglets were reported to occur between 13 to 44% and 12 to 32% respectively. Similar problems were observed in neonatal dairy calves, at which the diarrhoeal cases and mortality were reported at an average of 20 to 30% and 24% respectively. ETEC containing either K88, K99, F41 or 987P fimbrial antigen isolates were commonly associated with piglet diarrhoea, whereas ETEC bearing K99, F41 or K99F41 fimbrial antigens associated with calf diarrhoea. Both of the ETEC isolates were known to exhibit multiple resistance between 4 to 6 antibiotic drugs, or even up to 9 to 15 antibiotic drugs commonly used in the field. These indicated that antibiotics were no longer effective to be used to treat and to control piglet and calf diarrhoea associated with ETEC. Inactivated multivalent ETEC vaccine containing K88, K99, F41 and 987P antigens was developed from local isolates and adjuvanted with alumium hydroxide gel at final concentration of 1,5% and cell concentration was equal to the number 10 of the McFarland tubes standard. Two doses of 2 ml vaccine were subcutaneously injected into pregnant sows at 6 weeks and 2 weeks before expected date of forrowing. New born piglets were allowed to suckle their own mother under field conditions. Similar vaccine was prepared from ETEC K99, F41, K99F41 and verotoksigenik E. coli (VTEC) field isolates originated from calves with diarrhoea as described above. Two doses of Â 5 ml ETEC vaccine were injected subcutaneously of pregnant dairy cows of 6 weeks and 2 weeks before expected date of calving. Calf born from vaccinated cow was given colostrum of its owm mother by the milk man. A killed whole cell multivalent ETEC vaccine containing K88, K99, F41 dan 987P injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously into pregnant sows induced antifimbrial IgG and IgA responses both in serum which was predominated by IgG, and in the mammary secretions were both IgA and IgG. In other words such vaccines provided passive protection to piglets which be able to suckle colostrum at birth. Similar antibody responses were demonstrated in dairy cows vaccinated with ETEC containing K99, F41 fimbrial antigens and E. coli producing verotoxin antigen (VTEC). Vaccine field trials to control piglet neonatal colibacillosis in swine that two doses of multivalent vaccine given four weeks apartÂ in pregnant sows at late gestation provided dramatically reduced piglet diarrhoea and mortality from 30% (unvaccinated) to 5% (vaccinated). The use of 2 doses of ETEC K99, F41 and VTEC in pregnant dairy cows at late gestation reduced the calf diarrhoea and mortality from 13.0% annualy (before vaccine application) to 0.7% (vaccine application period). The two types of vaccine (multivalent ETEC for pigs and ETEC+VTEC for cattle) demonstrated a good prospect, since these whole cell vaccines Â are highly efficacious in controling neonatal piglet and calf diarrhoea and mortality. These vaccines could be used to replace antibiotic therapy in the future. The Â ETEC, EPEC and VTEC local isolates are preseved at the Balitvet culture colection (BCC) Bogor. Â Key words: Piglets, calves, microbial germ plasm, ETEC, EPEC, VTEC, colibacillosis, vaccines, field control

Understanding The Expression and Characteristics of Callipyge Gene in Sheep Suparyanto, Agus
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Lambs meat consumers prefer large loin chops that have limited external fat. Intense selection process, sometimes resulting individual gene mutation. The mutant allele could be used as a marker for specific characterization and for growth response to specific environment. The gene is identified as a single gene, and called as Callipyge. Genotyping analyses on reciprocal cross offspring showed that Callipyge locus flanked to markers of CSSM18 and TGLA122 from ovine chromosome 18. The sheep has extreme phenotype which similar with that of the cattle containing single gene of double muscled. Phenotype of ovine callipyge is expressed in heterozygote individual of CLPGP/clpgM produce from heterozygous ram for callipyge gene (CLPGP/clpgM) and normal ewes (clpgP/clpgM). Offspring ratio from the segregation pattern is 1:1. A mating between heterozygous animals (CLPGP/clpgM) or all Callipygous parents resulted on 25% Callipygous and 75% normal lambs. The ratio of Callipygous offspring phenotype is not following mendelian segregation. Some reports on characteristic analyses showed that the birth weigh of normal and Callipygous is not significant different. However, after weaning the growth rates of both lambs are different. The dressing carcass percentage of normal lambs (53.9%) is significantly lower than that of Callipygous (57.3%). The Callipyge gene express the body weigh from 20 to 69 kg. Its muscle weigh is 40% higher than normal lambs. The different of superficial gluteal, adductor tensor facia latae of Callipygous muscle with those of normal lambs are 63%, 47% and 22.3% respectively. The carrier lamb has less internal (pelvic fat) or external (loin) fats, but it has 43.0% larger of rib eye area. Â Key words: Sheep, callipyge gene, heterozygote

Bali Cattle in The Breeding Stock Areas and Their Future Development Talib, Chalid
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Bali cattle is one of Indonesian native breed of cattle distributed in almost all Indonesian provinces under small holder rearing system. The breed is easily adapted within many variations of tropical environment in Indonesia. Although there are a big differences of the production performance between places but the reproduction performances reported are always good. The Bali cattle resources in the country are Bali, South Sulawesi, East and West Nusa Tenggara (NTT and NTB). Based on the production performance, Bali cattle in Bali are the best Bali cattle in Indonesian and in population, South Sulawesi is province having the highest population of the cattle. All of Bali cattle in the resource areas have a high prolific with a good calving rate but NTT shows the highest number of calf mortality and Bali is the lowest. Except in Bali, Bali heifers perform a decline adult body weight that caused by no genetik improvement program and less of supported environment. All of the phenomenons are as as a guidance for a higghly adaptation ability of the breed. In addition, introducing a new blood with highly genetic potential together with the improvement in feeding and management should be conducted. Â Key words: Bali cattle, breeding stock, production and development

The Quality of Fish Meal for Animal Feed and its Toxicity ., Yuningsih
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Fish meal is an important source of protein in feed. However its storage time and condition should be carefully observed as they may cause the fermentation if stored for long time. When Clostridium spp are dominant during proteolitic reactions, extensive changes to amino acids can occur by three different types of reactions: deamination, decarboxylation and coupled oxidation/ reduction, which result in the production of amines, ammonia, carbondioxide, keto acids and fatty acids. Based on the result of toxicological examination in fish meal samples which were received from 1999 to 2000 in diagnostic laboratory, Balitvet- Bogor, the samples contain ammonia: 15 samples (100%), histamine: 9 samples (64%) and nitrate: 2 samples (14%). As a conclusion histamine (decarboxilation reaction) and ammonia are a primary toxic substance in fish meal. Â Key words: Fish meal, histamine, ammonia, nitrate

Anthrax Outbreak of Ostrich Farm in The Regency of Purwakarta, West Java, Indonesia Hardjoutomo, Suprodjo; Poerwadikarta, M Bhakti; Barkah, Koko
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

An anthrax outbreak in ostrich farm in the Regency of Purwakarta, West Java occurred in late of 1999. It is belived that the case as the first reported anthrax outbreak of ostrich in Indonesia. A total number of 254 head of ostriches have had succumbed of the disease and the death of ostriches has actually been commenced in August, 1999 until December, 1999. The anthrax diagnosis has been confirmed laboratorically by the Research Institute for Veterinary Science (RIVS), Bogor, West Java. It was found that 59 out of 130 pieces of processed ostrich skin samples were positive Bacillus anthracis. Whereas, 4 soil samples and 37 frozen meats offals and body fat samples were all negative. In parallel of the outbreak of anthrax in Purwakarta, special action have to be forced into the community as far as the veterinary policy of the Republic of Indonesia in concerned. Â Key words: Anthrax, ostrich, Purwakarta, outbreak

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Indonesian Center for Animal Science Research and Development Jl. Raya Pajajaran Kav E-59 Bogor 16151 Bogor Indonesia

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INDONESIA