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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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The Use of Reproductive Biotechnology to Achieve Genetic Improvement in Cattle Lubis, Adriana M
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 10, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Reproductive biotechnology has many potential uses. It can be used to increase the rate of genetic improvement, but they have the potential to cause an even greater increase in the rate of inbreeding. Determining how to gain genetic advantage from these technologies, while at the same time minimizing their genetic disadvantage, has provided a major challenge for geneticists. Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET), in vitro embryo production (IVEP) only produce substantial increases in the rate of genetic improvement, with acceptable rates of inbreeding. In contrast, semen sexing, embryo sexing reduces the numbers of the other sex, the effect is negligible and only will have a marginal effect on the rate of improvement. They can produce only limited increase of the rate of genetic improvement. There will be great interdependence between the techniques, the way in which the use of a new technique will depend upon which of the other procedures are available. There is a need for research not only toÂ establish the techniques, but also toÂ consider the best use of them inÂ animal breeding and production schemes. Nevertheless, the ethicist might play an important role as a guide in moral decision making and training for a morally responsible attitude. The aim of this paper is to review the ways in which these technologies can be used to increase genetic improvement in cattle.Â Key words : MOET, IVEP, semen sexing, embryo sexing

Cotton and its Relation With Gossypol Sutikno, A Irawan
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 10, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Suitable weather is a major problem for cotton field plantation in Indonesia. In one side it needs water for growing up, on the contrary, absolute dry situation for flowering and harvesting is necessary. Therefore, cotton contribution is remarkably small (1 percent from local product) but it can be expected to increase with a new location area in the future. Although cotton ball is the main product, cotton seed becomes the by-product, which can be processed to cotton oil and its left over called cotton seed meal. The seeds contain gossypol, a toxic pigment, which found in its oil and the meal. Gossypol becomes an important factor to be noticed since the meal contains high protein, which can be used as a foodstuff. In a certain concentration, poultry and pigs can not tolerate the compound. In advance countries, oil extraction is the best way to remove gossypol, but the process is considered expensive. There is a need for alternative ways to remove it. Â Key words : Cotton, gossypol, detoxification

Gender Aspects in Animal Production Suradisastra, Kedi; Lubis, Adriana M
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 10, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Research on womenâs role in animal production are often entangled in physical participation although their problems in agriculture include labor force participation and equilibrium, authority in the household, socialization process and access to information, and technological bias. Socially, the limiting factors in their productivity are social status, job opportunity and status, and their simultan role as compared to menâs sequential role. Â Key words : Role, gender, livestock

The Epidemiology and Control Myiasis in Indonesia Partoutomo, S
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 10, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Myiasis caused by screwworm of Chrysomya bezziana fly has been widely distributed in Indoenesia for years, however myiasis as a disease problem is only reported in local cattle raised under semiextensive management system in West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, South and North Sulawesi. In local cattle raised under an intensive management system in Java, Madura and Bali, disease problems caused by myiasis are unknown. Australian Brahman and Brahman cross cattle which were raised under a ranch system in South Sulawesi and East Sumba, and Merino sheep raised under intensive management system in Bogor and Jakarta are more susceptible to myiasis than local animals. Traditional medicines including tobacco extract, petrol and bettery acid are used for myiasis treatment in the villages, though the scientific background of these medicines are remained unknown. Insecticides and pesticides in the form of ointments are considered more effective against screwworm than in the form of spraying particles, the reasons for this being that C. bezziana flies do not stay long on the body of animals except whilst laying their eggs. Some drugs including ivermectine and methoxychlor are also effective against screwworm. Â Key words : Myiasis, Chrysomya bezziana, screwworm, epidemiology

Scabies of Animals and Humans: Problems and Control Strategy Iskandar, Tolibin
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 10, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Scabies is a contagious skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei affecting a wide range of host species including buffalo, pigs, goats, horses, rabbits, dogs, cats, and humans. The disease in livestock causes skin irritation, decreases of meat production and quality of skin as well as affecting human health. Scabies has a worldwide distribution, including Indonesia with various prevalence, morbidity, and mortality in different host species. Diagnostic of the disease is carried out by observing clinical symptoms and scraping the infected skin to find the parasite. Scabies can be prevented by good sanitation, and chemotherapy of livestock is performed by ivermectine, asuntol and neguvon injections. Â Key words : Scabies, animals, humans, diagnostic, control

Nitrate - Nitrite Toxicosis in Animals and Their Cases in Indonesia ., Yuningsih
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 10, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Nitrate is naturally present in the environment such as in plants, fertilized soil, and water. Toxicity of nitrate-nitrite in animals occurred when these animals consumed grasses or plants, which contained high level of nitrate. As a consequence nitrate is converted into lethal nitrite by the bacteria in the rumen. When nitrite is absorbed into the blood, haemoglobine (Hb) is converted by nitrite into methaemoglobine (MetHb) which reduces the oxygen uptake, if MetHb level reaches 20-30%. As a consequence the suffering animals show difficulty in breathing, the clinical sign develop when MetHb reaches 80-90%, causing the death of the animals and this MetHb levels result in brown discoloration of the blood, as a characteristic of nitrate-nitrite poisoning. Several cases of nitrate-nitrite poisoning were reported from Bogor, Bandung, Sukabumi, Jakarta, and Kupang in various animals from the year 1992 to 1997. It was reported that 6,250; 8,000; 2,000; 5,000 mg/kg nitrate and 10 mg/kg nitrite detected in the feed of zebra, dairy cattle, horse, sheep, and duck respectively. The grass containing high level of nitrate was probably due to over fertilized with organic and inorganic fertilizers. Â Key words : Poisoning, nitrate, nitrite, animals, grass, water

Reorganization of Breeding Institutions to Develop Breeding Stock of Indonesian Holstein Talib, C; Anggraeni, A; Diwyanto, K
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Development of dairy cattle production through breeding system improvement is not well arranged for guaranteeing a successful to increase capability of Indonesian milk industries. Some constraints that inhibit the programs are only a short-term program available to improve cattle production ie., improvement of rearing and feeding management; a small number of finance available; no appropriate joint-action between breeding institutions; and the operational of recording program and progeny test are very limited. Other factors that also directly or indirectly influence the development of dairy cattle production are only a small number of animal unite is kept by farmer, limited land area per family, no access for banking supported, and relatively small upland area available in comparison to milk requirement in Indonesia. Improvement of breeding program by way of artificial insemination (AI) is good conducted but the problem is the bulls for producing AIâs semen are not tested under Indonesian condition. Therefore, proven bulls that tested in Indonesia has to be priority together with identification for highly producing cows. All activities can be well organized if the recording program recorded by farmer or some one else and all breeding institutions can rearrange their programs to produce a better mechanism for supporting Indonesian milk industries. Â Key words: Institution, breeding, Indonesian Holstein

Cases of Anthrax in Humans and Animal in Bogor at the Beginning 2001 Noor, Susan M; ., Darminto; Hardjoutomo, S
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. The incidence of anthrax in human and animal has been reported in Indonesia including the case of anthrax in ostrich in Purwakarta in 1999. Virtually all animals, to some degree are susceptible to anthrax but ruminants are considered to be the most susceptible. There are 11 provinces in Indonesia reported as endemic areas. Retrospective study of anthrax in Bogor reported that the disease has been spread in nine areas. The manifestation of human anthrax could be visceral, cutaneus, pulmonum, meningitis or combination but the cutaneus type is the most frequent (95%). In early 2001, there was an outbreak of anthrax affecting both human and animals in Bogor. A definitive diagnosis of anthrax has been made in 5 people in Hambalang village, Citeureup subdistrict of Bogor. The objective of this study is to describe the chronological event of the recent anthrax wabah in Bogor and to give a brief discussion of anthrax in human and animal. Â Key word: Antraks cases, human beings, animals, Bogor, 2001

Characteristics of Beef Packed in a Plastic Bag Vacuum (Vacuum Pack) Putu, I Gede
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Development of vacuum packaging teknology on beef production in Indonesia has been started since 1990âs by meat packer industry. The application of vacuum pack technology give advantage for both producer and customer. The advantage for producer is the ability to maintain the shelf life of the products, prevent cross contamination and improve meat quality or tenderness due to ageing process. While from the customer point of view, the packaging technology is an assurance for quality and wholesomeness of the products to be consumed. The vacuum pack technology have been applied mainly for imported prime beef required by hotel and restaurants. However, for most of the customers in Indonesia, the vacuum pack technology for fresh chilled beef has not been well recognized. Therefore, it is important to present a complete information on mechanism and characteristic of vacuum packed chilled beef in order to improve preference in utilising vacuum packed technology.

Utilization of Inconventional Feedstuffs for Animal Production Mathius, I W; Sinurat, A P
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

In the recent past, the increasing cost of imported feed ingredients, known as the main components of completed ration, caused the bankrupt of the intensive poultry industry. On the other hand, negative affect was faced by ruminant animal due to the potential land used for agriculture has been swidden/shifted to non-agricultural function, resulting in a shortage of feed sources, availability and supply for ruminant animal. Consequently, the animal productivity is low. There is ,therefore a need to look for cheaper alternative sources of feedstuffs has to be given in order to optimize the productivity of animal utilizing available feed in this country. A number of investigations have been done in order to overcome the feed availability problem, including the potential of crop by-product as a part of concentrate component. Although, crop by-product isÂ Â always generally related to cheaper feedstuff, there are several matters need to be considered. Those factors are the continuation of crop by-product availability, the nutrient content of crop by-products, the possibility of any limiting factors, such as the existence of toxic constituents as well as the processing needed before feeding to the animal. Experiment results on utilization of several crop by- products, such as rice bran, cassava leaves, coconut meal, palm oil cake, cocoa pod husks, tofu residue, shrimp (Penaeus Sp) meal, banana steam and rami (Haramaj Sp) leaves Â in feeding ruminant animal (cattle and sheep) and non-rumiants animal (local and imported poultry as well as duck) will be reviewed in this paper. Â Key words: Inconventional feedstuffs, crop by-product, animal production

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Indonesian Center for Animal Science Research and Development Jl. Raya Pajajaran Kav E-59 Bogor 16151 Bogor Indonesia

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Jawa barat

INDONESIA