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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Crop-Livestock Integration in Farming System at Irrigation Area Case Study: Grobogan District, Central Java Prasetyo, Teguh; Setiani, Cahyati; Kartaatmaja, Sunendar
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Most of farmers in Central Java hold land about 0.25 â 0.3 ha. If they are only doing farming system with rice-rice-corn cropping pattern, their income per season will range from Rp 446.800 to Rp 586.000. Of course such earnings is not enough and unsuitable, so its necessary to find out some efforts for increasing farmers income. One of some alternative efforts can be carried out is diversification, i.e. developing farm enterprise which integrated with livestock. Related with that idea, we have been studying crop livestock integration in Grobogan District since November 2000. This study was carried out in order to find alternative sharing farm operation model on irrigation area which executed in group. The farmers included in this study are 454 farmers which posses land about 106.2 hectare, while livestock they breed are 180 cows for applicant in five units of stall together. Business management was carried out by one management which organized by group managers, includes farm enterprise (input, irrigation, integrated pest management, mechanic service, and marketing), livestock (input, IB service, animal health, straw treatment and selling the product), and also save-debt of money. The technology which introduced includes processing plant product technology, livestock breeding, and straw treatment for food and also ecreement of livestock for organic fertilizer. Along the production process both exertion can give input each other (internal input) by using by product and also can minimalize input from outside (low external input). Straw production of corn and rice plant which used for live stock woof are 3600 kg/ha and 4600 kg/ha respectly, meanwhile organic fertilizer that produced after 10 months observation was 216,8 tons. If the dosis of the fertilizer for rice plant/corn is 2 t/ha, so it can be used for rice plant and corn on 108.4 ha area. Up until 10 month observation, 4 calves were born and 17 catle were pregnant. Â Key words: Irrigation area, crop-livestock, beef cattle, rice, corn

Characteristics of White Duck Mojosari and its Future Development for Commercial Duck Meat Suparyanto, Agus
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 4 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

White duck Mojosari will own the good enough prospect when used as by component in forming of duck meat type. Egg production average was 224 eggs per bird per year, and its was competed with brown plumage. Average of egg weight is 65.15 Â± 4.84 g, the length of egg is 54.95 Â± 2.49 mm and wide surface of egg is 45.66 Â± 2.33 mm. White plumage for laying duck type perhaps will be more a lot of constraint. Farmer habit for color pattern believed, that was as proudly varieties breeder on the each area. Serati duck still a lot of constraint because the consumer demand is more like with white performance and cleanness product. This condition was opinion by existence of chicken broiler which enough modern skill and progress in developed. The solution of overcome is crossing between white plumage duck and white plumage muscovy drake will very help to get the product desired by consumer. Expected of Serati duck could be developed for farm breeder industry and opportunities for the farmer business in villages. Â Key words: Mojosari duck, feather color pattern, Serati, commercial

Egg Consumption Level and The Variation of Production-Consumption Balancing Among Provinces in Indonesia Nurmanaf, A Rozany
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 4 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The egg is one of animal protein sources which content good nutrition for human life. Egg consumption is larger than the consumption of another animal production because it was easy to found and cheaper in price. Aggregate egg production increase significantly, especially in the years after 1980 and it continued consistently until now. The higher or the lower of egg production are affected by several development supporting factors. Egg production produced by commercial chicken farming system have a larger production contribution and become larger and larger from time to time, but in the same time the egg production contribution from native chicken and duck are precisely decrease. That is because egg production rate of those two are slower. Consumption rate variation is close relation with the specific tradition of the region, like local culture, tradition and habit of community. These features affect consumption pattern of the society. Production-consumption balancing vary among provinces. Balanced ratio of those, production and consumption, yields three criteria, namely the provinces which have surplus balancing, sufficien balancing and deficit balancing. The provinces with surplus balancing can be called as the egg supplier for other provinces with deficit balancing. Â Key words: Egg production, egg consumption, production-consumption path

Important Diseases of Buffalo in Indonesia ., Tarmudji
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 4 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is classified as valuable asset for farmers as source of additional income, meat and draught animal power in agricultural cultivable land. For the last five years, the buffalo population in Indonesia is significantly declining from 3.0 million (1997) to 2.3 million (2001) and one of causal factors is an animal disease. Some of the important buffalo diseases Â in Â Indonesia Â are: Â MalignantÂ Catarrhal Â Fever (MCF), Â Septicaemia Â Epizootica (SE), Â Enterotoxaemia, Surra and Fasciolosis. MCF is a fatal disease affecting buffalo. The aetiological agent is unknown and for diagnosis of MCF based on clinico-pathologicalÂ finding Â and Â histopathological Â examination. Â SE Â is Â an Â acute Â infectious Â disease Â of Â buffalo Â caused Â by Pasteurella Â multocida, Â characterizedÂ by Â acute Â inflammation Â of Â the Â respiratory Â organ Â and Â fatal Â cases Â by Â acute Â fibrinous pneumonia. Enterotoxaemia in buffalo is caused by Clostridium perfringens type A. Cases of buffaloes death were attributable to fatal C. perfringens alpha intoxication originating from enteritis of small intestine. Surra is caused by Trypanosoma evansi. Infection in buffalo, generally shows only chronic clinical signs with loss of body weight as the major effect. Fasciolosis or Liver Fluke Disease in buffalo is caused by one or more species of Trematode (Fasciola sp.), characterized by chronic cholangitis, bile duct containing fibrosis and mineralization in the wall and Fasciola sp. in the lumen. Some factors in diseases control appear to be consisted of quick reporting, isolation and treatment for suffering animals and vaccination with a high quality vaccine for the succeptible animals. Â Key words: Buffalo, animal disease, disease control

Reproductive Technology Application for Increasing Production Performance of Buffalo in Indonesia Putu, I Gede
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 4 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Research activities on buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) has been widely neglected compared to other animal such as cattle, sheep, goat and poultry not only in Indonesia but also in other ASEAN countries. Buffalo is classified as valuable asset for farmers as sources of additional income, meat and draught animal power in agricultural cultivable land. For the last five years, the buffalo population in Indonesia significantly declined form 3,3 million in 1997 to 2,3 millions in 2001, it is urgently required to accelerate research activities using the existing reproductive technologies to increase productive performances in line with increasing demand for meat. Reproductive technologies produced by the Research Institute for Animal Production Bogor and other Â Institutions in Â Indonesia, including estrusÂ synchronization for Â non Â cyclicÂ buffalo, semenÂ preservation and Â artificial insemination, embryo transfer as well as and feeding management could be directly implemented to field conditions to increase productive performance of buffalo in Indonesia. Â Key words: Buffalo, technology, reproductive, productive performance

Potential of Animal Production Integrated to The Palm Oil Estate as an Agribusiness Base on Ruminant Batubara, Leo P
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Palm oil estates is very large in Indonesia, predominantly in North Sumatera, Riau and South Sumatera provinces. The production of by-products such as palm oil leaf (POL); palm oil fronds (POF); solid ex decanter Â (SED) and palm kernel cake (PKC) are 17,1 tons; 486 tons; 840â1260 kgs; 567 kgs in dried form per-hectar per-year respectively. A number of research showed that the utilization of these by-products are potential as energy and protein source for cattle and sheep and can reduce 20-40% of feeding cost compared to conventional concentrate diet. According to 70â80% of total production cost are feed cost, there fore using these by-products give an agreat opportunity to integrate the animal production with palm estate as an agribisnis scale. The plantation area that have an oil palm industry is the main opportunity for establishing the integration production system. The feed industry can be run efficiently, because by-products can be supplied by oil industry directly.Â Key words: Integration, palm oil, livestock, by-products

The Influence of Using Probiotic in Rations for Chicken Productivity ., Gunawan; Sundari, M M S
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The knowledge of probiotic spread widely, mainly after having been found some probiotics that can be used by animal. The result of research on the usage of some types of probiotics in rations of chicken give different influence on chicken productivity. Using probiotic starbio 0.25% in ration could increase the body weight of broiler up to 6 weeks of age and could increase the consumption of crude fibre up to 6% in the ration. Using probiotic starbio 0.25% in ration of layer could increase 19-26% eggs products and reduce feed conversion and water content in faeces and give additional income for the farmers as 44 up to 48%. Culture yeast as much as 0.2â0.3% is effective to add in rations of broiler 0â4 weeks of age. Lactobacillus acidophilus 2% and 4% in rations of layer may increase 5â11% of egg products and reduce feed conversion. It can be concluded that using probiotic in rations may increase the productivity of broiler, layer and native chickens. Â Key words: Probiotic, chicken diets, productivity of chicken

Molecular Biology Review: Tumor Suppressor Gene (P53) as Target for Cancer Gene Therapy Dharmayanti, N L P Indi
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Cancer cells are accumulation of numerous genetic alteration that contribute to tumorigenesis, tumor progression and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Most of these alteration affect the regulation of the cell cycle. In normal cells, a balance is achieved between proliferation and cell death by tightly regulating the progression through the cell cycle with cell cycle with cellular checkpoints. The accumulation of genetic alterations also contributes to enhanced chemoresistance, resulting from the loss of the ability to respond to DNA damage. The detection of DNA damage is governed by tumor suppressor p53. Â Following DNA damage, p53 arrest the cell to allow time for repair, or if the damage is extensive enough, p53 initiates programmed cell death or apoptosis. Loss of these various molecular checkpoint has been found to underlie the development of many tumors because cell cycle progression becomes dysregulated. Therefore a major strategy in gene therapy for cancer has focused on replacing the tumor suppressors in cancer cells. p53-gene therapy remains the most important tumor suppressor strategy being developed and its combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy may prove to be even more beneficial. However, p53 may not represent the ideal choice for gene therapy in all cancers. In tumor that overexpress MDM2 or have HPV16 E6, other tumor suppressors such as p21 may be more desirable targets of gene therapy because they can bypass the inactivation of p53. Several problem still need to be resolved. First, an efficient vector needs to be designed that cause prolonged high expression of the transduced gene while only targeting cancer cells. Second, further criteria need to be established in scheduling the decision about which tumor suppressor to employ for gene therapy. Â Key words: Tumor suppressor gene (p53), gene therapy, cancer

Infectious Bovine Rinotracheitis (IBR) on Livestock Breeding Institution in Indonesia ., Sudarisman
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The government livestock breeding farm in Indonesia had had a potential role for preventing the animals to spread the disease of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis. Prevalence of IBR have increased according by the time being in dairy and beef cattle. To anticipate the spread of the disease, government livestock breeding farm should be free of IBR disease, serologically and through isolation of the agent. As an alternative to control the disease, early warning detection of the infections and contamination on the product of artificial insemination centre and embryo transfer institution in Indonesia is more esential to use PCR as a toll to detect every batch of the products. Vaccination is one of the choise to prevent the disease in the field, especially in the area which the disease as an endemic, according to economical impact of the disease. Â Key words: IBR, livestock breeding farm, PCR, product

Utilization of Rice Straw as Feed Substitution for Small Ruminants Martawidjaja, Muchji
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The purpose of this paper is to review rice straw as ruminants feeds, problems in its utilization and alternatives to overcome the problems. Rice straw has great potency as animal feed resources, especially as sources of fiber. The availability of rice straw in several areas of the country as well as the amount of the rice straw ready to be used for ruminants make it a choice as source of feeds. Besides of its availability, rice straw considered to be low quality feeds, as recognized by low protein contents, high percentage of silica and lignin, therefore, the digestibility of rice straw is relatively low. Many treatments to improve rice straw has been conducted, where farmers in Southeast Asia prefer to treat rice straw using urea, because it can improve Nitrogen contentÂ and Â digestibility. Research to Â improve rice Â straw usingÂ supplementation with Â agriculture by Â products as Â well Â as leguminosae forages has been conducted for ruminant feeds. Rice straw can be used as much as 10% for grass substitution and about 30% with the use of concentrate supplementation for sheep and goats. Â Key words: Rice straw, sheep and goats

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INDONESIA