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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Control of Gastrointestinal Nematodes Infection in Small Ruminants by Nematophagous Fungi Ahmad, Riza Zainuddin; ., Beriajaya; Hastiono, S
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The disease caused by gastrointestinal nematodes infection in small ruminants in Indonesia is quite unprofitable. Control with anthelmintic developed a negative effect of anthelmintic resistance and residue in tissue if anthelmintic are given routinely. Biological control is one of the control methods using microorganisms especially molds. The moulds can form traps and destroy the body of larvae and eggs by hife and produce toxins. Few isolates of nematophagous fungi such as Arthrobotrys spp. and Monacrosporium spp. were found from surveys done in West Java. Applications of these fungi as biological control against nematodiasis is promising as indicated from in vitro and in vivo studies. Â Key words: Biological control, nematophagous fungi, small ruminants

Nutrient Requirement of Egg and Meat Type Duck Ketaren, Pius P
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Ducks in Indonesia play roles in producing egg and meat. More than 19% of egg consumption were produced by ducks, however as meat source they only contributed 0.94% of total meat supply in Indonesia. Feed and feeding management are very important in duck farming as 70% of total production cost of egg and meat-type ducks accounted for Â feed cost. Unfortunately, nutrient requirements for the Indonesian ducks were limited. Therefore, overseas nutrient recommendation may be used. Water is the most important nutrient for poultry including duck, therefore quantity and quality of water are very important to be considered in feeding ducks. There are various local feeds available in Indonesia to be used as duck diets. Quality of feed is very important in duck farm as the ducks is very sensitive to aflatoxin poison. The maximum safe level of aflatoxin in the diet was to be less than 40 Âµg/kg. Â Key words. Duck, egg, meat, feed and nutrient

Food Safety for Animal Products: The Need in The International Free Trade Bahri, Sjamsul; ., Indraningsih; Widiastuti, R; Murdiati, T B; Maryam, R
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Issues of food safety, includes the food safety for the animal products grows to inhibit the incoming of low quality imported animal product which is unsafe for human being. Therefore several countries enhance to produce high quality of animal product and safe to be consumed. This paper reviews several factors that distribute to the quality and food safety in every single chain of the preparation of animal products. In pre-production step, many factors involve to the quality and safety because several contaminants and diseases can be happened in this step. Several data of diseases and contaminants which causes the negative impacts on economic, political and health will be provided in this paper. An effort to produce high quality and safe animal products can be done by implementing the HACCP in every step of preparation of it (GAP, GHP, GMP, GDP, and GRP). To assure the distribution of high quality and halal of imported animal products in Indonesia, it is necessary to give more strict regulation which is supported by infrastructure, facilities, human resources development and law enforcement. Â Key words: Food safety, animal products, international free trade, HACCP

Mareks Disease in Chicken: I. Aetiology, Pathogenesis and its Control Adjid, R M A; Damayanti, R; Hamid, H; Sjafriati, T; ., Darminto
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Marekâs disease (MD) is a neoplastic and neuropathic disease of poultry, especially chicken, caused by a highly contagious cell-associated herpesvirus. Marekâs disease is one of poultry diseases that is seriously concerned by poultry farmers. Before introduction of vaccine technology, the disease caused great economic loss in poultry industry, for example, in the United State the annual losses was estimated around $150 millions. Marekâs disease virus is relatively resistant to physical and chemical influence. Â In Â poultry Â farms Â the Â virus Â remains infectious Â for Â months Â and Â play Â an Â importantÂ role Â asÂ source of Â infection. Pathogenesis of the disease is complex and influenced by factors. There are four phases of infection: early cytolytic infection, latent infection, second phase of cytolytic infection, and proliferative infection. Pathogenesis influenced by factors causes variety on clinical syndroms and incubation period of the disease in field condition. Successful disease control can be achieved, with vaccination as the main program, by selection of breed resistance and good management systems. The emergence of more virulent pathotypes of MD is a serious threat to the poultry industry, which requires development of more effective control strategies. Â Key words. Marek, poultry, etiology, pathogenesis, control

Methods of Detection Anthelmintic Resistance in Sheep and Goats Haryuningtyas, Dyah; ., Beriajaya
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Anthelmintic resistance to gastrointestinal nematode of sheep and goats has been reported world wide to all of broad spectrum anthelmintic types currently available, such as benzimidazoles, levamizole and ivermectin. In South-East Asia anthelmintic resistance to small ruminants was reported in Malaysia, Thailand and Philippines. In Indonesia resistances to albendazole have been reported from sheep farm in Bogor. With regard to resistance cases, early detection for anthelmintic resistance on sheeps and goats to spesific types of anthelmintic that commonlly used are required to plan rationale strategic control program. Detection methods for anthelmintic resistance are Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT), Egg Hatch Assay (EHA) and Larval Development Assay (LDA). LDA is an in vitro assay to detect anthelmintic resistant in the major of gastrointestinal nematodes on sheep and goats that have just been introduced in Indonesia. This paper explains the comparison of three detection methods and goodness of LDA compared with other two methods. Â Key words: Anthelmintic resistance, sheep, goat, Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT), Egg Hatch Assay (EHA), LarvalDevelopment Assay (LDA)

Mareks Disease in Chicken: Clinico-Pathological Aspect and Diagnosis Damayanti, Rini; Hamid, Helmy
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Marekâs is a limphoproliferative and oncogenic disease of poultry caused by a serotype 1 herpesvirus. Â Chicken Â between 10 and 15 weeks of age are the most susceptible although in some outbreaks it also affects other ages. The causal agent consists of Â some Â virus Â strains Â with Â different Â pathotypesÂ causing Â a Â variety Â of Â clinical Â and Â pathological manifestations. The Â main pathological features are neurological lesion and lymphoma formation in some visceral organs. Marekâs disease is clinically classified as classical, acute, peracute and chronic with neurological disorder and superficial tumor. At necropsy the peripheral nerves were enlarged, discoloured and loss of striation. There were formation of lymphoid tumour in various visceral organs. Microscopically Marekâs produced non suppurative encephalitis/neuritis and pleomorphic tumour. The diagnosis is based on the history of the disease, age of affected chicken, clinical and pathological features. A definitive diagnosis is made by virological and serological tests. Some of the Marekâs cases in Indonesia were discussed in this paper, as well as review on clinico- pathological aspects how to confirm the diagnosis of Marekâs. Â Key words. Marekâs Disease, chicken, clinical, pathological, diagnosis

Crop-Livestock Integration in a Competitive, Sustainable and Democratize Agribusiness Development Diwyanto, Kusuma; Prawiradiputra, Bambang R; Lubis, Darwinsyah
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The concept of integrated crop and livestock in Indonesian farming systems has actually been practiced by farmers since they familiar with farming, but they practiced Â the systems by traditional way, without any consideration of cost-benefit as well as environmental impact. The research on crops-livestock systems has been conducted systematically since early 1980âs. The study considered many aspects in sustainability such as environmentally tolerable, socially acceptable, economically feasible and politically desirable. In late 1990âs the crops-livestock systems came to a very important step with intensifying the integration between rice and cattle, in this case through optimization of the manure. The added value of organic fertilizer could reach till 40%. In dairy cattle such a technology was able to benefit Rp 11.000 per cattle per day. In this case, with LEISA (low external input sustainable agriculture) approach, any 8 â 10 liter of milk produced by Â a head of cattle needed feed equal to as much as 3 â4 liter of milk only. With LEISA approach the crops-livestock systems has empirically proved the ability of providing job by using the local input efficiently. In improving efficiency, the use of local resources such as local feed and local cattle need to be optimized. To develop the technology that support the concept of crop-livestock systems, the Government could help the farmers through extension so that the farmers willing to use organic fertilizer, especially manure of the cattle. The rice field in the northern part of West Java is a huge potency to produce rice straw as cattle feed. Based on the fact, the beef cattle can be developed in this area so that the manure available to fertilize the rice fields. If the crop-livestock systems is successfully developed in the area, the improve of rice production and productivity is happened, and in turn, the farmers welfare will also increase. Â Key words: Farming systems, crops, livestock, organic fertilizer, local resources, crop by product

Prospects on Cattle Based Crop-Livestock Systems for The Irrigated Paddy Field in Lombok Sembiring, Hasil; Panjaitan, Tanda; ., Mashur; Praptomo, Dwi; Muzani, A; Sauki, A; ., Wildan; ., Mansyur; ., Sasongko; A, Nurul
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Grouped livestock management is one of the characteristic animals raising in Lombok. In the year of 2000, there were 1096 farmers group that had a very potential opportunity to optimize the livestock productions through the crop-livestock systems approach. The assessment of this approach for the irrigated paddy field area has being conducted in the village of Sepakok, sub- district of Pringgarata, district of Lombok Tengah. The objective of the study was to improve the efficiency and sustainability of the crop-livestock system as well as environmentally friendly issues. A total of 112 household farmers were involved in the study, joined in the "Gerak Maju" group farmer with 334 head of cattles and 35 ha paddy filed. Improving farming systems efficiency has been implemented through the technology introduction of rice straw fermentation as cattle feeds, the use of Progesterone Intravaginal Sponges (PIS) for estrous synchronization and compost processing as well as its uses for crips. The results has shown that fermented rice straw could be used as basal feed, given ad-libitum and 5% of native grass from the body weight yield an average daily gain of 290 gr. The use of fermented rice straw has decreased the straw-field in the field after harvesting period, so that it could be storage and used them for the dry season. The use of manure compost could reduce the production cost for anorganic fertilizer and weed. It significantly affected to the vegetative growth of some horticultures. Part of the compost production has been marketed in some areas to give additional income of the farmers. The crop-livestock system approach with cattle based in the irrigated paddy field was recognized as one of the potential systems that could be impemented in Lombok as well as other region with the same agro-ecological zone. Â Key words: Crop-livestock systems, fermented rice straw, compost

Crop Livestock System in South Sulawesi: Review of Implementary Activities Ella, Andi
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

South Sulawesi has considerated having amount of rice field i.e. 598,218 hectare about 21.49% out of the total land for agriculture activities. Some of these are irrigated rice field, either technical or non-technical irrigated which contributes to the production of rice. These land is also used as production center for cattle. The population of cattle is 805,868 heads in 1995 decreased to 749,327 heads in 1999 (1.8% decreased each year). Both commodities (rice and cattle) were agribusiness oriented. However, the productivity of rice has been facing leveling off, with the maximum average is 4 â 6 ton/ha. It is likely that the due to phenomena degradation of the soil, so that it can not support the optimum condition of the growing rice because of inadequate a certain nutrient or lack of organic carbon which can not support the uptake of a certain nutrient. One of the alternative to improve these condition was the application of compost which produced from cattle manure. The main feed of cattle can be provided from rice straw, which is available with the amount of 4-5 ton/ha/growing season. It means that the potential production of rice straw every season was 1,196,432 heaps, which can be used as cattle, feed to increase cattle production. Each cattle could produce 4 â 5 ton fresh manure/year, which can be processed to cattle manure (compost) at the rate of 2 ton/year/cattle, so that it is estimated the number of compost can be produced in South Sulawesi was 1,498,654 ton/year. This can be applied to 749,327 ha of rice field with the rate of 1.5 â 2 t/ha. Therefore, the integration of cattle into a rice system could increased productivity of the two commodities. The implementation of CLS in South Sulawesi has the following problems: a) in the intensive area of growing rice, the threshing mashed was done using power thresher, and cutting the rice straw at the top (one third from the top) which cause problem for farmers to collect the rice straw for cattle feed, b) most of farmers have no any experience in using rice straw for fodder, c) the majority of farmers do not have animal shelter. Â Key words: Integration, feed cattle, rice straw, fermentation

Assessment of Integrated Farming System of Beef Cattle in South Sulawesi Sariubang, Matheus; Ella, Andi; Nurhayu, A; Pasambe, Daniel
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Increase productivity of beef cattle can be done as integrated in the farming systems, where beef cattle has optimized the use of straw agricultural. Like rice straw, rice bran, stalk and corn bran, with legumes. In addition, beef cattles feces could be used as compost to organic fertilizer for paddy and crops planted. The assessment was conducted in Takalar and Barru district with two farmers group. In Takalar district of has implemented the collective stable, while that in Barru district was the individual stable. Result showed that aplication non limited rice straw + 3 kg refined rice bran + 10 g mineral (salt + manure SP 36) could increased body weight up to 0.41 kg/head/day in Barru district, and substitution in organic fertilizer (recommendation manure) with organic fertilizer on paddy has reached up to 6.50 ton/ha (1 ton organic manure + 127.8 kg urea + 100 kg ZA + 8.3 kg SP 36 + 41.7 KCl) and 6.37 ton/Ha (150 kg urea + 100 kg ZA + 50 kg SP 36 + 50 kg KCl). Â Key words: Farming system, beef cattle, organic fertilizer

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