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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Utilization of Palm Oil Sludge for Poultry Feed Sinurat, Arnold P
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 2 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Indonesia imports feedstuffs such as corn and soybean meal to fulfill the requirement in the country. The volume of imports is increasing due to the increasing demand on livestock products. On the other hand, we have a huge amount of unconventional feedstuffs produced locally. Palm oil sludge is one of the unconventional feedstuffs that have not been utilized. The palm oil sludge production in 2001 was approximately 632,570 ton and is increasing following the increasing of palm oil productions in Indonesia. Some reports have shown that palm oil sludge could be included in the feed of cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry. The sludge is limited in use for poultry feed due to high fiber contents and low nutrient digestibility. Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production conducted researches in order to improve nutritive values of palm oil sludge by fermentation method. The fermentation increased the protein, amino acids, metabolisable energy (TME) and reduced the fiber contents of the sludge. Feeding trials showed that the fermented products could be included as much as 10% in diets of broilers and native chickens, but 15% could be included in diet of growing ducks. Â Key words: Palm oil sludge, nutritive values, poultry feed, fermentation

Opportunities and Challenges to Improve National Milk Production Siregar, Sori B
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 2 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

National milk production is still unable to fulfil the demand of milk from year by years. Imported dairy cows were able to increase national milk production, but it hasnt able yet to meet the demand of milk that is increased each year. Therefore, national milk production must be increased significantly in order to reduce the gap between national milk production and the demand of milk step by step in the coming years. The opportunities to increase national milk production are still feasible. The recommendation of importing dairy cows is good to continue, increased calving rate has to be planed and reducing mortality rate must be conducted for increasing dairy cows population and the national milk production. The opportunities for increasing national milk production in the form of improving feed management and intensifying artificial insemination have not been implemented optimally. Feed improvement management could be created through increasing quantity and quality of feed, giving opportunity of increasing national milk production about 23,85%. The wide open opportunities to increase national milk production are not free from amount of challenges. The price of milk is still low, the limit of forage production, uneconomical dairy scale farming, unsatisfied livestock breeding, the lack of capital, the competitive of milk import, inefficient management of milk cooperative are the significant challenges in increasing national milk production. Â Key words: Dairy cattle, milk production, supply and demand

Canine Parvovirus in Dogs Sendow, Indrawati
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 2 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Parvovirus disease in dogs is caused by Parvovirus, a member of famili Parvoviridae. In young puppies, less than 4 months age, CPV infect heart, while older puppies CPV will infect tractus digestivus, which caused blood diarrhoea. In general, the cinical signs of CPV disease are vomit, loss appetite, and blood diarrhoea. Parvovirus will inactivated by given chemical reagents such as Hypoclorised or formalin. Vaccination is the only way to protect the disease. The right time of vaccination will give the optimum protection of the disease. Hence, monitoring the immune response after vaccination needs to be developed to gain the information on the best time to vvaccinate the dogs, so the failure of vaccination can be avoided. Â Key words: Parvovirus, vaccination, diagnosis

Colibacillosis in Chickens: Etiology, Pathology and Control ., Tarmudji
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 2 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Colibacillosis in poultry is an infectious disease of birds in which Escherichia coli is the primary or secondary pathogen. The disease affects broiler and layer of all age groups, but is more frequent in young than mature. Many outbreaks occur in poultry raised under low standard of sanitation, poor environmental conditions or after a respiratory or immunosuppressive disease. There are three serotypes of E. coli, O1:K1, O2:K1 and O78: K80, and other serotypes that have been identified in organs of sick birds, feed, drinking water and litter from farms in the area of Java and Bali. E. coli is present in normal intestines of bird and is distributed widely in faeces. Birds are continuously exposed through contaminated faeces, water, dust and environment. Diagnosis of colibacillosis is based on clinical picture, pathognomonic lesions (septichemia, airsacculitis, pericarditis and perihepatitis) and isolation of E. coli. Outbreaks are usually as the result of a combination of etiological factors including the presence of other infections such as Swollen Head Syndrome (SHS),Â Â Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD), Newcastle Disease (ND), etc. Treatments are usually effective if given early and antibiotic sensivity testing is advised where applicable. To preventÂ Coli bacterialÂ infectionÂ should Â be Â taken Â on Â an improved farm Â management. Hatchery sanitation/ desinfection procedure should beÂ practiced. Vacination program isÂ undertaken toÂ protect against immunosuppressive and respiratory disease. Â Key words: Colibacillosis, poultry, etiology, pathology, control

Crop Livestock Integration in South Sumatera Tidal Swamp Land: Potency, Constraint and Solution Alternative ., Isbandi
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 2 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Decreasing areas of fertile soil in Java due to non agriculture purposes and increasing demand for agriculture products along with increasing human population and industrial growth have led to cultivate marginals soils like tidal swamp land areas to the development of agriculture. Integrated farming system concepts involving food crops such as rice and corn with cattle or buffaloes could be applied in tidal swamp land areas of South Sumatera. They were supported by appropriate carrying capacity and planting pattern, and sufficient supply of rice and corn straws as feed. However, infrastructural constraints, such as isolated location, and inappropriate facilities, especially by transportation were found. An integration of crop and livestock that is supported by transportation through rivers connect to markets is recommended. If such effort is sucsessful, it will increase crop production and ruminant productivity, significantly. Â Key words: Tidal swamp land, carrying capacity, planting pattern, agricultural by productcs

The Prospects of Using Chilled Semen to Increase the Production of Dairy Cattle Situmorang, Polmer
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 1 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Dairy cattle production in Indonesia has been rapidly developed since the importation of live cattle from Australia and New Zealand in 1970. Technology of artificial insemination (AI) play an important role to increase the production of dairy cattle by using frozen semen from both importation or produced in Centre for Artificial Incemination Lembang and Singosari. Nevertheless, frozen semen is not without problems because a more than less 30% of sperm are killed during the freezing procedure and those who survive are sensitive to enviroment and has a low fertility. Therefor the using of chilled semen will be an alternative to be considered to replace frozen semen. Chilled semen can be simply produced and not required a complex laboratory and an expensive equipment. Other advantages is the production of straw per bull and fertility was higher than those frozen semen and resulting an increased of farmer income. Case study in Pangalengan West-Java showed a lower production cost of chilled semen than those cost for purchasing frozen semen. Widely aplication of the using of chilled semen will reduce a dependency on frozen semen and importation of bull, and at the end will increase the national income. Â Keywords: Dairy cattle, frozen semen, chilled semen

Research Strategy in Nutrition and Feeding Systems for Meat Goat Production Ginting, Simon P; Batubara, Leo P
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 1 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The capability of ruminant animals, including goats to transform the non-food materials into high quality animal proteins for human consumption through a complex digestive and metabolic system put these animals into a unique position in the food- chain system. However, this comparative advantage is not without cost, since when compared to mono-gastric animals, the ruminant is less efficient in producing every unit of protein or energy from each unit of feed they consumed. Therefore, research programme or technology that aims to improve the efficiency of utilization of the various non-food materials by goats should be the priority. Basically, the research programmes in goat feeding and nutrition should be oriented into the real needs of the potential beneficiaries or users. In accordance to this, it is a pre-requisite to identify and to understand the structure and the characteristics of goat production systems that existed. Most of goat production system in Indonesia is typically small scale operation (92%), which operates in a low input system. It is common that under this type of production system, the flow products such as manure or/and kids Â are the main goals. Consequently, the stability of feed supply throught the year to at least maintain the existing population become more important than the quality of feeds that fulfill the standard requirement for nutrients. The research programme for this group of goat production should be oriented to (1) developing production system that guarantees the supply Â of Â feed Â throughtÂ the Â year; Â (2) Â maximizing the Â potential Â benefit Â of Â the Â âcompensatory growthâ Â phenomenon; (3) minimising the effects of anti nutritional factors contained in various forages. Under the commercial production type that operates in a high input system, the final products such as meat is the main goal. Under this production system the rate of productivity of (growth rate, reproduction rate, feed conversion) of individual animas become very important. The research program for this commercial operation should be oriented into (1) developing of various formulae based on non-conventional feeds; (2) optimising rumen function to support maximum fermentative digestion; (3) optimising the protein/energy ratio in the rumen; (4) stimulating the production of glucogenic volatile fatty acid production in the rumen; (5) manipulating the microbial population in the rumen (defaunation); and (6) stimulating the development and colonization of microbial for fiber fermentation. Â Key words: Goats, feeding system

Performance of Mule Ducks as Meat Producer and Their Problems Setioko, Argono Rio
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 1 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Mule duck, a crossing between muscovy and common duck has a potential as a meat producer. Muscovy and common ducks are available in the villages throughout the country and they have not been utilized optimally for meat production. Mule duck in the villages is a crossing naturally between local drake and muscovy duck. Commercially this duck can be developed through intermating between muscovy drake and common ducks using artificial insemination technique, since the differences in the body size and natural mating resulted in low fertility. In Taiwan, mule ducks (crossing between muscovy and Pekin duck) have been commercially managed and this duck could reach 4 kg at 9 week of age. Beside fast growing bird, mule ducks have better carcass quality (bigger brest meat and low fat) compared to common duck and muscovy. In France, mule ducks are generally used to produce fatty liver that is very common food. To produce bigger fatty liver, it needs mule duck weight ranges from 4.1 to 4.2 kg at 12 weeks. Fatty liver obtained from mule ducks was reported to be 702 grams compared to 560 grams from muscovy and 793 grams from swan. Nervertheless, fertility is one of the major problems. It was reported that fertility rate was only about 40%. In addition, the dark collor of feathers makes the collor of carcass becomes unattractive. Both problems could be overcome through intensive and continued selection programmes. Â Key words: Mule, meat, duck, muscovy

Forage Research Strategy for The Development of Goat Production in Indonesia Ibrahim, Tatang M
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 1 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The development of goat for meat production has to be conducted and forage technology is needed to achieve the expected target of productivity. These forage technology have to be correctly designed for each existing major farming system within each regional developmental zone. It is therefore necessary to have national or regional agreement on zone where goat production should be developed. A general scheme for forage research basically involving 6 stages of evaluation, i.e., (1) germplasm collection; (2) multi-site testing of single accession; (3) swards productivity of selected accessions under cutting regime; (4) small plots for grazing evaluation, (5) large scale animal production assessment and (6) farm demonstration and commercial release. Many research results on forage technology currently available and generally had already passed the 2ndÂ stage of evaluation. However, the multiplication of planting material should be prioritized. It also necessary to have active involvement of provincial AIAT (Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology) in advance stages of evaluation (5th and 6th stages). Relevant training and education for researchers, extensionists and farmers is needed to build up a strong support for high quality research results.Â Key words:

The Potential of Crop Residues as Feed Resources for Ruminant in Indonesia Syamsu, Jasmal A; Sofyan, Lily A; Mudikdjo, K; SaÃ¢Â€Â™id, E Gumbira
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 1 (2003)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The growth rate of ruminant population between 1997-2001 was decreased for beef cattle 1,46%, buffalo 6,73%, goat 2,89% and sheep 0,55%. But the population of dairy cattle increased 2,90%, meanwhile milk production increased was 6,29% per year. On the other hand, at the same time the number of slaughtered animals increased for beef cattle (0,53%), goat (4,39%) and sheep (23,15%), and buffalo was decreased 2,13%. Production of ruminant meat decreased 2,39% annually. The goat meat was decreased (9,03%) than sheep meat (6,36%), buffalo meat (2,51%) and beef meat (0,95%). The quantity of crop residues produced as a feed resources for ruminant is 51.546.29751.546.297 ,3 tons dry matter or 23.151.344,6 tons total digestible nutrient., as result it available feed for ruminant was 14.750.777,1 animal unit (AU). While the population of ruminant is 11.995.340 LU so that it can be able to increase the population up to 2.755.437,1 LU or 18,68 %. Â Key words: Crop residues, ruminantCallSend SMSAdd to SkypeYoull need Skype CreditFree via Skype

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