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Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management
Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia
ISSN : -     EISSN : 24078271     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management
Warta Kebijakan Iptek dan Manajemen Litbang (Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management) is a scientific journal aimed to discuss theoretical and practical issues in science and technology policy for economic competitiveness, research and development management and innovation management. Researchers, academicians and practicioners in those areas are welcomed to send manuscripts to this journal. The Editor accepts an article or a book review in S&T policy, R&D management and Innovation Management. Two volumes are published in a year (July and December).
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Articles 34 Documents
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THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF FRUGAL INNOVATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS WITHIN CRITICAL REALISM PARADIGM Hidayat, Dudi
Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management Vol 10, No 2 (2012): Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Perkembangan Iptek, LIPI

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Abstract

Frugal Innovations that have been rapidly developing in India, have received widespread attention both in developing countries as well as in developed countries. It is perceived as offering possible solution for low-income people in the bottom of the pyramid in developing countries. Frugal innovation is a low-priced product or process innovation created in the middle of resource scarcity and institutional shortcomings. This paper investigates the rapidly growing literature on frugal innovation to answer the questions of what does frugal innovation actually mean? In what contects and how it most likely will develop? Who have been developing frugal innovation? What kind of capability requirements are needed in order to be able to create frugal innovation? And how the government can foster its development?Lierature investigation is carried out through Institutional Economic perspective based on critical realism paradigm. It particularly views the emergence of frugal innovation as a social phenomena within a socio-economic system. The social system is perceived as a structurized and stratified system in which frugal innovation is perceived as happening at the observed and experienced empirical level of the social system. To understand the emergence of frugal innovation one need to understand the structure and the mechanism at a deeper level than the empirical level. The investigation concludes that frugal innovations are specific innovations that require the existance of particular institutional arrangement and cultural environment. It requires three preconditions: the existance of enterpreneurs, technological capability and effective demand from the people at the bottom of the pyramid. This undertanding is very important for the government of developing countries if they are to foster frugal innovation development in their countries.
THE DETERMINANT FACTORS OF FRUGAL INNOVATION: THE CASE OF INDIA AND THE PROSPECT FOR INDONESIA Sari, Karlina
Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management Vol 10, No 2 (2012): Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Perkembangan Iptek, LIPI

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Abstract

Tighter competition in global market encourages every firm to innovate to produce high-quality products, but with affordable price for most group of consumers. Some local Indian firms, such as Tata Motor, Tata Chemical; and some foreign subsidiary firms, such as General Electric and Hindustan Unilever Ltd; have been succeeded in conducting innovation, producing technology-based products in more compact size and cheaper price compared to the conventional ones. In academic world, this kind of innovation is known as frugal innovation. Basically, frugal means not only cheap price but also how a product is designed, produced, distributed, and maintained based on its function, in regards with resources constraints. As innovation in Indonesia is often constrained by cost factor, frugal innovation would be appropriate for this country. Macro condition and supporting government policy are highly matters for the implementation of frugal innovation. The objectives of this study are to explore supporting factors of frugal innovation in India and to analyze the prospect of its implementation in Indonesia through comparison of those supporting factors between the two countries. Thus, this study uses comparative analysis. Literature review shows that supporting factors of frugal innovation in India are entrepreneurship, technology-based and innovation-based industry, vast domestic market, dominant low-middle-income population, openness toward foreign direct investment, and government support. Comparing the condition of India and Indonesia, frugal innovation is highly prospective to be implemented in Indonesia if technology and innovation-based industries are strengthened and government provides and implement effective policies.
OPEN SOURCE AS A DRIVER FOR FRUGAL INNOVATION Alamsyah, Purnama; Oktaviyanti, Dini
Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management Vol 10, No 2 (2012): Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Perkembangan Iptek, LIPI

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Abstract

The changing times require people to be creative and innovative. People are required not only as users but also as a creator of goods thing. People needs to think creative to produce something that useful and also effective and efficient. One thing that in line with the demands of effective and efficient is an open source. Open source stimulates innovation and ensures that ideas can spread rapidly to the creation of a new product. Open source also can drive innovation to ensure sustainable value for companies with different business models. Open source is one of the most inexpensive solution and the most effective in the transfer of technology and knowledge in particular for developing countries. Open source does not just offer a low cost alternative to acquire the technology but also network-based cooperation. Characteristics of the open source compatible with the concept of frugal innovation. Concept of frugal innovation itself responding to resource constraints, both financial, material or institutional and using a variety of methods that transform obstacles into advantages. Frugal innovation minimizing the use of resources in the development, production and delivery, or by utilizing new ways that can dramatically produce products and services become less expensive. The success of frugal innovation is not only determined by its low cost but also provide an alternative edge that also can be made on a large scale. In addition, although not always, explicitly frugal innovation has a social mission. Through this paper the author aims to explore open source as a driver of frugal innovation. Spirit of open source along with the concept of frugal innovation. This paper attempts to explore the role of open source as a driver of frugal innovation and to explain that the spirit of open source along with the concept of frugal innovation.
EVOLUTION OF R&D MANAGEMENT: CHALLENGES FOR INDONESIAN AGRICULTURAL AND ESTATE CROPS SECTORS Hermawati, Wati; Kusbiantono, Kusbiantono; Setiawan, Sigit; Surminah, Iin
Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management Vol 11, No 1 (2013): Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Perkembangan Iptek, LIPI

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Abstract

Development of the management of research and development (R&D) has experienced very rapid progress, especially in relation to win business opportunities at the global level. The evolution of R&D management at the global level now has up to the fifth-generation led to the sixth generation, which is characterized by the magnitude of dependence on the information and communication technology as well as the application of the principles of knowledge management in R&D activities. In order to know the development of R&D management in Indonesia, the study focused on the agricultural and estate crops sectors. The analysis is performed against several criteria of operational R&D Management, which are characterized by their respective R&D generation. Results of the study showed that the majority of the operational criteria of R&D management in agriculture and estate crops sectors in Indonesia mostly are still at the third generation. Challenges of R&D facing in agriculture and estate crops sectors in entering a higher R&D generation is increasing capacity of researchers to become more professional as well as a self-managing knowledge workers, focusing on the user or providing solutions for all user problems’, develop a broader job networking (network), an R&D organization that fosters continuous learning and transnational oriented by developing a more open communication and use ICT as an intelligent knowledge processors, as well as implement collaborative strategies in daily activities, and resulting patent/licences.
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM BENEFITS OF SUPPLIER-CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP Prihadyanti, Dian
Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management Vol 11, No 1 (2013): Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Perkembangan Iptek, LIPI

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Abstract

Today, business environment has become more dynamic with more demanding customers and intense market competition. To meet this, more and more firms are conducting innovation activities. Firms which are succeed to innovate tends to survive and grow to a greater extent. Innovation may come from various sources, one of them is from external side of a firm. As one of the main sources of innovation from external side, business partner which include supplier and customer have important role to the success of innovation. This paper attempts to analyzing the role of cooperation and relationship between supplier and customer firms in Indonesia’s automotive sector, in regard with the change in innovation maturity stage of those firms. Long term and short term advantages gain from the cooperation and managed relationship are also discussed. Key factors for succesful cooperation with optimum benefits are related with trust and openness culture from both parties. Further research directions are also discussed in this paper.
RELEASING DEPENDENCE SUBSIDY FOR FUEL OIL THROUGH CONVERSION PROGRAM OF GAS FUEL ON A VEHICLE TOWARD THE NATIONAL ENERGY SECURITY Susanti, Vita; Hartanto, Agus; Subekti, Ridwan Arief
Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management Vol 11, No 1 (2013): Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Perkembangan Iptek, LIPI

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Abstract

Based on BPS data in 2010, the number of motor vehicles in Indonesia as many as 76.9 million units, the number of vehicles on the island of Java alone approximately 44.4 million units. More than 57% of the number of motor vehicles in Indonesia on the island of Java. This is the background to the potential conversion of fuel oil to CNG fuel for vehicles on the island of Java. In addition, the end of 2014 the gas pipeline Trans Java linking West Java to Central Java and Central Java to East Java will operate. These two components, namely the large number of vehicles and the operation of the gas pipeline Trans Java offer more value than if the conversion program implemented in other islands. Studies have been done on the conversion of fuel oil to CNG fuel vehicles, especially in the area around the gas pipeline Trans Java. This paper will map potential locations for the implementation of the conversion program, conversion targets in each region, the need of CNG, Gas Stations number, size reduction of subsidies, and profits for NGV users. Formulation of strategies are required in migrating to CNG, the mapping problem in doing the conversion, and prepare for technology transfer. Vehicles that will be converted are gasoline-fueled vehicles, consists of public transportation, private and services. For public transport and services. Conversion is done 100%. Non public transportation (vehicles) converted only by 10%. The conversion vehicles will be done for 3 years gradually. Target conversion for 3 years at 1.1 million units NGV. The amount of the required gas allocation as many as 10.7 million klsp, which is needed as many as 2,857 SPBG. Saving from subsidy about 35.44 trillion rupiahs. To make the program successful requires the government policy and good coordination between relevant agencies in particular to overcome obstacles, problems, and to prepare for the transfer of technology.
EVOLUTION PROCESS OF INTER-ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONS (IOR) IN AUTO PARTS FIRMS Handoyo, Setiowiji; Laksani, Chichi Shintia
Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management Vol 11, No 1 (2013): Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Perkembangan Iptek, LIPI

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Abstract

Sustainability and improved performance of a company is closely associated with companys relationships with other organizations. Understanding the relationship between organizations (inter-organizational relations/IOR) is inseparable from the existence of a repeated process of interaction between or among organizations. In fact, the interaction process is related with time which determines whether a relationship increases from initial stage to mature stage. Through case studies, this study answers question of how the process of evolution IOR occur in automotive parts company with other organizations. This study also explains to what extent the strength evolution of the IOR process occurs, and the factors inducing IOR to reach the stage of mature/stable characterized by mutual trust. Results of the study showed that the evolutionary stage of IOR on automotive parts company with other actors vary widely. In the company forming a production network with principal, IOR has reached a mature stage. While the company which has no relationship with a production network with principals, trust in dealing with other actors (suppliers and principals) can be achieved with some length of time in interacting/dealing coupled in addition with an increase in the companys ability to meet the requirements from the principal/customer. Proponent factors for IOR until reaching a mature stage/stable in automotive component company is related with the companys position in the automotive business network, in addition to the ability of each party to honor the agreement that has been agreed in interacting.
THE RISING CHINA AND THE INDONESIA’S PESSIMISM TOWARDS ITS BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENT WITH CHINA ON HIGH TECHNOLOGY SECTOR Rahayu, Sri
Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management Vol 11, No 1 (2013): Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Perkembangan Iptek, LIPI

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Abstract

This paper aims to investigate the Indonesias concerns towards its trade relationship with China especially on high-technology sector since UNCOMTRADE (2012) reveals that the trade deficit on high-technology products of Indonesia (towards Cina) has dramatically increased from 34 Million USD in 1992 to 5.3 Billion USD in 2011. By using three different kind of index calculations (Trade Complementary Index, Intra Industry Trade Index and Export Similarity Index), this paper has three main findings. First, Engaging export-import relationship with Cina hinders the development of Indonesias high-tech industry. The reason is that Indonesia only plays as a target market for Chinese hi-tech products. Second, the huge expansion of Chinese hi-tech products in the world market causes many difficulties for Indonesias hi-tech producers to create product differentiation. They are only able to imitate Chinese hi-tech products in order to survive in the world market. Last, the huge expansion of Chinese hi-tech industry leads this country to dominate the hi-tech regional production network in Asia. Without huge number of investment and innovation like today, it is impossible for Indonesias hi-tech producers to contribute more into the network.
THEORIZING THE SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY Alam, Meredian
Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management Vol 11, No 1 (2013): Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Perkembangan Iptek, LIPI

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Abstract

Appropriate technology is actively involved in the discourse of the developing of environmental friendly technology that can be used by local household in the developing countries. Still, many experts neglect the social dimension that may affect the sustainability in the pre and after construction processes. By acknowledging the theory of appropriate technology and social construction of technology, this paper is in attempt to shed the light of social dimensions that are often embodied in the social setting in which technology is constructed.
TIPOLOGY, EFFECTIVENESS, AND PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH COLLABORATION: CASE STUDIES OF LIPIS INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH PROJECTS Poerbosisworo, Ishelina Rosaira; Fizzanty, Trina; Kusnandar, Kusnandar; Oktaviyanti, Dini; Hermawati, Wati; Manalu, Radot
Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management Vol 11, No 2 (2013): Journal of S&T Policy and R&D Management
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Perkembangan Iptek, LIPI

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Abstract

This paper aims to present types as well as effectiveness in international research collaboration projects. Sixteen collaborative research projects at LIPI, an Indonesian government R&D institution, operated between 2001-2010 were evaluated. The effectiveness of the project was examined by comparing types and its benefits, and elements associated to the effectiveness of the projects. The research identified seven different types of collaboration and two major benefits which are publication and human resource or institutional capacity building. Meanwhile, a small number of the collaboration projects produced innovation, particularly where the triple helix structure - collaboration between academician, business and government - existed and promoted. Thus, three elements were found to beessential in supporting effective research collaboration: bargaining position; trust based competence; and trust based relationship.

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