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Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 2339076X     EISSN : 25022458     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management is managed by the International Research Centre for the Management of Degraded and Mining Lands (IRC-MEDMIND), research collaboration between Brawijaya University, Mataram University, Massey University, and Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences-China Papers dealing with result of original research, and critical reviews on aspects directed to the management of degraded and mining lands covering topography of a landscape, soil and water quality, biogeochemistry, ecosystem structure and function, and environmental, economic, social and health impacts are welcome with no page charge
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Articles 1,043 Documents
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Hydrogeomorphic controls on soil C:N:P stoichiometry and mangrove vertical growth: Implications for site selection and monitoring Wardhani, Frita Kusuma; Poedjirahajoe, Erny; Kamal, Muhammad; Hermawan, Much. Taufik Tri
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10399

Abstract

Hydrogeomorphic gradients shape habitat heterogeneity in coastal ecosystems, yet rehabilitation in degraded coastal landscapes often neglects geomorphic suitability, resulting in suboptimal soil recovery and vegetation development. This study evaluated how hydrogeomorphic settings regulated soil physicochemical properties, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) stoichiometry, and vertical growth in a rehabilitated mangrove forest on the north coast of Java, Indonesia. Physicochemical variables, soil nutrient concentrations, and vegetation structural metrics were collected at seven stations and analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with effect size estimation and hierarchical linear mixed-effects models. Significant spatial differences in stoichiometric ratios, particularly C:P and N:P (?² = 0.77). Total nitrogen explained approximately 13% of the variance in the C:P ratio, while soil organic carbon significantly influenced the N:P ratio. The N:P ratio significantly influenced tree height (explaining 22% of the variation), whereas diameter at breast height was not significantly correlated. This study found that hydrogeomorphic factors played a dominant role in these patterns, with a conditional coefficient of determination of 0.75. These findings confirm that geomorphic suitability and nutrient stoichiometry should be considered in mangrove rehabilitation planning and monitoring to enhance their effectiveness in degraded coastal areas.
Spatial-temporal analysis of land use and the impact of tidal flooding: A case study on the north coast of Semarang City, Indonesia Utami, Westi; Wijayanti, Tri Ida; Fuadina , Lutfia Nursetya
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10385

Abstract

The examination of land-use dynamics is crucial to enhancing land utilization and promoting economic development and environmental sustainability. The objective of this study was to examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use and its impact on the agricultural sectors. The employed research methodology was a mixed-methods approach, incorporating spatial analysis of land-use changes and qualitative descriptive methods. This study utilized images captured by the Sentinel satellite in 2015, 2020, and 2025. Land use change analysis was conducted using an overlay. Interpretation was then performed under the supervision of a maximum-likelihood algorithm, and the accuracy of the analysis was assessed using a confusion matrix. Meanwhile, a qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted to formulate a mitigation strategy to prevent further land degradation from tidal flooding. The results indicated that between 2015 and 2025, there were significant changes in land use, with residential areas expanding by 155 ha and industrial areas by 78 ha. Furthermore, the study revealed a 63-ha decline in mangroves, leading to the destruction of coastal barriers and a 26-ha increase in tidal flooding. The findings of this study demonstrated that the dynamics of land use brought on by tidal floods not only cause flooding and damage to infrastructure and settlements, but also result in the loss of land for agricultural and fish pond production, which provide a living for local people. Research indicates that the consequences of climate change result in substantial losses, necessitating the urgent integration of climate change considerations into development and spatial planning.
Tree species diversity of ultramafic forest in Sitio Caiholo, Mt. Bahile, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines Dela Cruz, Edwin C.; De Castro, Ma. Ellenita; Umali, Arthur Glenn A.
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10735

Abstract

The study assessed the tree species diversity and noteworthy floral species of an ultramafic formation at Sitio Caiholo, Mt. Bahile, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines. A 2-km modified belt transect was laid out, and a total of nine 20 m × 20 m plots were established at an interval of 250 m. Results showed that the area harbors a total of 40 morphospecies representing 36 genera and 29 families. The tree diversity may be classified as moderately low with an H’ value of 2.38, which could be attributed to the effects of ultramafic soil conditions and the severe disturbance caused by Typhoon Odette in 2022. Two newly documented species in the island of Palawan were also recorded in this study, namely Eugenia cf. tulanan, Merr., and Terminalia foetidissima Griff. On the other hand, several endemic species are also thriving in the area, namely Swintonia acuta, Engl., Colona longipetiolata Merr., Decaspermum blancoi S. Vidal, Discocalyx palawanensis Elmer ex Merr., Eugenia cf. inaequisepala Merr., Tristaniopsis littoralis (Merr.) Peter G. Wilson and J.T. Waterh, and Xanthostemon speciosus Merr. The majority of the documented species were listed as “Threatened” under the IUCN Red List (2025-2) and the Updated List of Threatened Philippine Plants and Their Categories (DAO No. 2017-11). More importantly, the area houses a number of nickel hyperaccumulator plants, which can be used in the rehabilitation and restoration of lateritic mined-out sites. These include Brackenridgea foxworthyi and Nymphanthus balgooyi, which are known to concentrate as much as 16,000 mg/kg of Ni in their dry weight tissue.  
Assessment of heavy metal contamination and environmental risk in soils and surface waters adjacent to phosphate mining areas, Southern Iraq Shandookh , Fatima Kareem; Abbas, Zainab M.
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10543

Abstract

Phosphate mining is a major driver of land degradation and heavy metal contamination. This study provides a comprehensive geo-environmental and health risk assessment of eight heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, As, Co) in soils and surface waters surrounding an active phosphate mining complex in southern Iraq. Fifteen soil and five water samples were collected along a distance gradient of 85-3,100 m from the mining center and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Geochemical pollution indices, including the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (PERI), were applied to quantify contamination severity. Cd and Pb exhibited the highest contamination factors (9.14 and 3.50, respectively), yielding a composite PLI of 2.85. The PERI of 866.5 indicated very high ecological risk, with Cd contributing over 63% of the total risk burden. Surface water at proximal sites exceeded WHO drinking water guidelines for Pb (38.5 ?g/L), Cd (4.85 ?g/L), and As (22.5 ?g/L). Non-carcinogenic hazard indices exceeded the safety threshold in children at six sites (HI up to 16.39), while carcinogenic risk from Cr(VI) and As surpassed the 10?? threshold. Principal Component Analysis identified three spatially distinct contamination clusters correlated with distance from the mining epicenter. Urgent remediation, land use restrictions, and continuous environmental monitoring are strongly recommended.
Forecasting land cover transitions in the Upper Bengawan Solo Watershed via CA-Markov modeling Nada, Firda Maftukhakh Hilmya; Sunariya, Muhammad Iqbal Taufiqurrahman; Nandini, Ryke; Chulafak, Galdita Aruba; Ariseno, Ilyas Ayub; Hadibasyir, Hamim Zaky; Faridah, Rahma Afifah Nur
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10413

Abstract

The land cover change analysis in the Upper Bengawan Solo Watershed is crucial because Bengawan Solo is the largest watershed in Java. This study aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal dynamics of land cover change in the Upper Bengawan Solo Watershed during the period 1995-2040. Land cover data obtained from satellite image interpretation were analyzed to identify changes in the periods 1995-2010 and 2010-2025. Furthermore, land cover projections in 2040 were modeled using the CA-Markov method, while the driving factors of land cover change were analyzed using GeoDetector. The analysis showed that settlements, agriculture, and water bodies showed an increasing trend during the periods 1995, 2010, and 2025, while vegetation and bareland showed a decrease. Single-factor analysis showed that slope, soil type, and proximity to rivers and roads had a statistically significant effect on land cover change (p<0.001), although the resulting q statistic value was relatively small. Interaction analysis showed that the combination of factors produced a higher q value than the single factor, especially for the combination of soil and rivers, but the effect remained relatively low. The results of the 2040 projection modeling indicate that settlement and agricultural land cover are expected to continue to increase. Settlements are projected to become the most dominant land cover in the study area, replacing vegetation. If this trend continues without intervention through spatial planning and conservation policies, the ecological balance of the area could potentially be disrupted.
Soil chemical recovery and nutrient mobilization in post-mining land following application of rumen-based organic amendments under Cymbopogon nardus cultivation Rusmini, Rusmini; Mudi, La; Abidin, Zainal; Sardianti, Andi Lelanovita; Suhartanto, Wiwin
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10531

Abstract

Post-mining soils are commonly characterized by high acidity, low nutrient availability, and elevated aluminum content, which can limit plant growth. This study evaluated changes in soil chemical properties of a post-mining soil and essential oil composition of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) following the application of rumen-based organic amendments. Two citronella varieties, Variety A (the Pontianak variety) and Variety B (a local variety), established on post-coal mining land, were amended with organic amendments: BioMasta solid organic fertilizer (compost) and BioMasta liquid organic fertilizers. The solid fertilizer was applied at a rate of 20 t ha?¹ (approximately 1 kg plant?¹), and the liquid fertilizer was applied at a rate of  40 mL plant?¹ every two weeks for 90 days, resulting in six applications during the vegetative growth phase. A paired t-test was used to compare changes in soil properties and in the volatile compounds of citronella essential oil. The results showed that soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus. Significant differences in properties between the soil planted with citronella Variety A and that planted with citronella Variety B were observed for exchangeable aluminum, aluminum saturation, phosphorus availability, and organic carbon. The soil planted with citronella Variety B showed lower aluminum saturation and higher phosphorus availability than that planted with citronella Variety A. The essential oil composition of citronella also changed due to organic amendment application. Citronellal decreased, whereas ?-citronellol and nerol increased in both varieties.
Modeling forest fire risk using the Fuzzy-AHP method in the Belezma National Park (Aures-Algeria) Belkhiri, Kamel; Rerboudj, Abdelmalek; Khentouche, Adel; Bella, Nassim
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10465

Abstract

Wildfires in Belzema National Park (Algeria) pose a real threat, exacerbated by climate change and socio-economic impacts. This necessitates the development of a technique that enables effective management of areas degraded by this disaster. Most current models have shortcomings in assessing fire risks, which results in a lack of distinction between the different elements of risk (hazard and vulnerability) and their direct combination, particularly the degree of combustibility of the plant species. This study presents a new integrated framework based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to assess forest fire risks by combining explicit spatial models of hazard and vulnerability. For hazard, six biophysical factors were considered: flammability index, normalized difference moisture index (NDMI), wind speed and direction, slope, and exposure. For vulnerability, six socio-ecological factors were used: distance from roads and inhabited areas, dry vegetation residue index (NDTI), combustibility index, maximum temperature, and vegetation cover density. The model was validated using the area under curve (AUC) value. The results revealed that 57% of the area was classified as having a high to very high risk, with an AUC of 0.86. High-risk areas coincide with high combustibility and human accessibility levels. This study represents a significant methodological advancement in the assessment of wildfire risk. This process strengthens management efforts to prevent the degradation of protected areas Mediterranean forest.
Heavy metal contamination and ecological risk in post-coal mining soils: A geostatistical approach Suhardianto, Sigit; Hanudin, Eko; Nugroho, Andhika Puspito
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10451

Abstract

Open-pit coal mining significantly alters soil geochemistry through heavy metal accumulation, threatening ecosystem health and post-mining rehabilitation. This study assessed spatial distribution, pollution levels, and ecological risks of Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr in post-mining soils of Bungo Regency, Jambi, Indonesia. Sixty-one topsoil samples (0-20 cm) were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Ordinary Kriging interpolation (ArcGIS 10.8). Pollution and ecological risks were evaluated using the contamination factor (Cf) and the Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI). Pb and Ni showed high spatial variability, indicating strong anthropogenic influence. A moderate correlation between Cr and Ni (r = 0.37) suggests shared geogenic sources, while Pb exhibited weak correlations, confirming distinct anthropogenic origins. PCA explained 85.8% of total variance, identifying three components: PC1 (Cr–Ni, geogenic), PC2 (Pb, mining-related contamination), and PC3 (Cd–Ni, mixed sources). Cf values indicated moderate to high contamination (Cf>3) for Ni and Pb at several sites. Most areas exhibited high ecological risk (RI>300), particularly in former excavation and waste disposal zones. This integrated geostatistical approach effectively delineates contamination patterns and supports targeted remediation strategies in tropical post-mining landscapes.
Environmental impacts and waste management strategies for hydrometallurgical lithium recovery from lepidolite in the Falchani mining area, Puno, Peru Contreras, Eliana Mullisaca; Ochoa, Benito Hugo Fernandez; Mayta, Elvis Luis Macedo; Ramirez, Johan Denis Aguilar; Ramirez, Alexander Aguilar
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10481

Abstract

Lithium mining is expanding into remote highland areas where site-specific environmental data are scarce. This study assessed the environmental footprint of a hydrometallurgical process to extract lithium carbonate (Li?CO?) from lepidolite ore at the Falchani deposit, Puno, Peru, located above 4,500 m within puna grasslands and bofedal wetlands. The ore was characterised by XRD and ICP-MS, and process conditions were optimised using a 2??² fractional factorial design followed by steepest-ascent experiments. Environmental performance was evaluated through cradle-to-gate LCA, a closed-loop water balance, TCLP classification of solid waste, and stage-by-stage carbon footprint analysis. The optimised process achieved 94.5 ± 0.8% lithium extraction with 99.62 ± 0.04% product purity. Environmental results showed CO? emissions of 5.9 ± 0.3 kg CO? eq/kg Li?CO? (about half that of spodumene processing), freshwater consumption of 38 ± 2 m³/t (with 65% internally recycled), and 18 ± 1 t/t of solid waste meeting TCLP non-hazardous criteria with potential reuse as supplementary cementitious material. These findings indicate that, when environmentally appropriate strategies are designed prior to operation, lithium extraction from Puno pegmatites need not result in the environmental catastrophe some critics anticipate, but can instead support a balance between resource recovery and ecosystem protection in fragile high-altitude environments.
Climate-NDVI interactions in desertification processes in the semi-arid Central High Plateaus of Algeria Bourecherouche, Meriem; Staihi, Ameur Laouar
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10579

Abstract

Desertification in semi-arid regions represents a major environmental challenge driven by the combined effects of climate variability and vegetation degradation. This study assessed desertification dynamics in the Central High Plateaus of Algeria through the integration of precipitation, maximum temperature, and vegetation changes derived from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Climatic data were obtained from the NASA POWER database, while satellite imagery was processed using geospatial techniques to analyze land cover dynamics over multiple periods. The results showed a significant decline in precipitation and a marked increase in maximum temperatures, particularly in the southern and southeastern parts of the study area. These changes were associated with a progressive reduction in vegetation cover, as indicated by decreasing NDVI values. The integration of these indicators allowed the development of a desertification index, which revealed a clear spatial gradient of environmental degradation. Low and moderate desertification classes dominated the region, covering more than 80% of the study area, while high and very high desertification remained spatially limited but concentrated in southern zones. Overall, the findings demonstrated that desertification processes were intensifying under the combined influence of climatic stress and vegetation degradation. The integration of climatic indicators and NDVI-based vegetation analysis proved effective for monitoring land degradation and identifying priority areas for sustainable land management in semi-arid environments.

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