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Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 2339076X     EISSN : 25022458     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management is managed by the International Research Centre for the Management of Degraded and Mining Lands (IRC-MEDMIND), research collaboration between Brawijaya University, Mataram University, Massey University, and Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences-China Papers dealing with result of original research, and critical reviews on aspects directed to the management of degraded and mining lands covering topography of a landscape, soil and water quality, biogeochemistry, ecosystem structure and function, and environmental, economic, social and health impacts are welcome with no page charge
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,043 Documents
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The use of manure and Trichoderma-Beauveria biofertilizer to improve soil chemical properties and crop yield in the rainfed ”surjan” intercropping system Agustina, Rohmatin; Ariffin, Ariffin; Aini, Nurul; Koestiono, Djoko; Yamika, Wiwin Sumiya Dwi; Khumairoh, Uma
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10609

Abstract

The ”surjan” intercropping system, a traditional raised-bed farming practice in which rice is cultivated in furrows and, at the same time, vegetables and legumes are grown on elevated beds, has the potential to sustain food production on rainfed lowlands during the dry season. A factorial randomized block design experiment was conducted to investigate the interaction effects of manure at  0 t ha-1 (M0), 15 t ha-1 (M15), 25 t ha-1 (M25) and a liquid biofertilizer containing Trichoderma spp. and Beauveria bassiana at  0 L ha-1 (L0), 3 L ha-1 (L3),  6 L ha-1 (L6) on soil chemical properties, vegetative growth, and yield of five raised-bed commodities. The treatment interaction significantly improved soil organic carbon (+116.7%) and total nitrogen (+50.0%) relative to initial conditions, while cation exchange capacity declined (-16.3% to -42.6%). Yield responses were commodity-specific: Cucumis sativus L. achieved the highest yield (23.1 t ha-1) at M25×L6 treatment, whereas Vigna unguiculata L. exhibited the greatest proportional responsiveness (+133.3%) at M25×L6 treatment with strong correlations to organic carbon (r = 0.820) and cation exchange capacity  (r = 0.690). Butternut squash responded best at moderate doses (M15×L3 treatment), while Capsicum frutescens L. showed the lowest response to the treatments. The M25×L6 treatment combination yielded the smallest decline in cation exchange capacity (-20.7%) but the greatest accumulation of organic carbon. The optimal amendment formulation is commodity-specific and requires a precision approach for the “surjan” system in rainfed lowlands.
Assessment of mercury and natural radioactivity in sediments from a small-scale gold mining legacy tailings pond in Camarines Norte, Philippines De Juan, Airah Sophia J.; Villanueva, Margarette Denise Leine; Arpa, Maria Carmencita B.; Samaniego, Jessie O.; Peregrino, Fern Rose A.
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10809

Abstract

Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte, is notable for small-scale gold mining, which produces waste stored in tailings storage facilities such as tailings ponds. These operations potentially pose environmental risks to nearby ecosystems and local communities due to hazardous substances, including mercury (Hg) used in ore processing, and elevated radionuclide concentrations from land disturbance. This study assessed the presence of the abovementioned pollutants in a legacy tailings pond to evaluate human and environmental risks. Sampling points were established around the pond for in-situ gamma-ray spectrometry measurements of radionuclides and for laboratory analysis of mercury. Assessment of radiological risk parameters showed that computed values were well below established global averages. Radiological assessments used NORMALYSA simulation, and results indicated that the absorbed dose rate in the study area remains below the public safety limit of 1 mSv/year. In contrast, mercury analysis revealed that certain sampling points exceeded the global background for soils, indicating localized contamination. Mercury speciation analysis reveals that Hg(I) was the predominant mercury species identified in soil samples. The geoaccumulation index assessment indicated that some sites are strongly to extremely contaminated with mercury, while locations farther from the tailings pond exhibited minimal risk of mercury contamination. Although radiometric analysis did not detect anomalous radionuclide elevation attributable to mine waste, localized mercury contamination remains a significant environmental concern.
Arsenic distribution and phosphorus dynamics in saline soils of the dried Aral Sea bed: Implications for land degradation and soil management Allaberdiev, Rustamjon; Jabbarov, Zafarjon; Abdurakhmonov, Nodirjon; Sherimbetov, Vafabay; Ziyadov, Shuqurillo; Abdurakhmanova, Mukaddas; Nomozov, Urol; Yagmurova, Dilafruza; Zafarjonov, Nurmukhammad; Abdullaev, Shokhrukh
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10625

Abstract

Arsenic (As) contamination in soils is a major environmental concern, particularly in saline and arid regions. The dried Aral Sea represents a unique environment where newly formed soils exhibit complex geochemical behavior. However, the interaction between arsenic and phosphorus (P) in these soils remains insufficiently understood. This study aimed to assess the concentration, spatial variability, and geochemical behavior of arsenic and its interaction with phosphorus in soils of the eastern part of the dried Aral Sea bed. A total of 25 soil samples were collected and analyzed for key physicochemical properties, including electrical conductivity (EC), available phosphorus (P?O?), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and arsenic content. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics and ANOVA, were applied. The results showed high spatial variability of soil properties. EC ranged from 1.75 to 13.70 dS/m (mean 7.05), indicating saline conditions. Arsenic concentrations varied from 14.90 to 181.80 (mean 100.99), while available phosphorus ranged from 4.40 to 23.99 mg/kg. ANOVA confirmed highly significant differences among all parameters (p < 0.0001). A strong interaction between arsenic and phosphorus was identified, with increased arsenic levels associated with reduced phosphorus availability due to competitive adsorption. These findings indicate that soils of the dried Aral Sea bed are highly heterogeneous and environmentally unstable. The results highlight the importance of effective soil management strategies to mitigate arsenic toxicity and improve nutrient availability in saline environments.
Urea-N intensification and its impact on stock carbon and nitrogen content of rice fields in Aceh Utara Regency, Indonesia Khusrizal, Khusrizal; Nasruddin, Nasruddin; Nazaruddin, Muhammad; Rusdi, Muhammad
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10637

Abstract

Soil Carbon Stock (SCS) plays a vital role in improving soil quality and reducing global temperatures, and nitrogen (N) is a major macronutrient plants require in large quantities. Urea-N fertilizer serves as the primary source of N and is applied in all growing seasons for irrigated and non-irrigated rice fields. The impact of intensive urea-N application on SCS and N levels in paddy soils remains a topic of discussion. This paper examined the effects of urea-N application on SCS and N content in rice fields. A total of 45 soil samples were collected from 15 soil profiles, each consisting of 3 layers (0-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm), in irrigated and non-irrigated rice fields with different growing seasons (once, twice, and thrice annually). Data indicate a pronounced concentration of SCS within surface layers (97.80-213.89 Mg C ha-1), while the CO2 content varied between 16.18-22.97 Mg ha-1. The intensive use of urea-N resulted in a significant decrease in SCS (p<0.05), but did not alter CO2 levels. The average of total N, NH4+-N, and NO3--N differed among soil layers. Nonetheless, optimal levels of these nitrogen forms are achieved with reduced fertilization, specifically by applying fertilizer twice during the two annual rice planting seasons in irrigated fields.
Slip surface identification using electrical resistivity tomography for landslide hazard management in degraded land: A case study from Tabbinjai, South Sulawesi Mallarangeng, Nurjinaan Fakri A.; Busthan, Busthan; Sultan, Sultan
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10657

Abstract

Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province, has long been subject to recurrent shallow landslides, degrading its hillslopes by removing productive topsoil, disrupting drainage systems, and threatening the livelihoods of local communities. But no meaningful land rehabilitation effort can be carried out unless what is underneath these unstable slopes is known. This was the first subsurface investigation in this region. This study fills the gap by applying two-dimensional Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) with the Wenner-Schlumberger array configuration in three survey profiles to identify and map the slip surfaces controlling the slope failure. The data were inverted using RES2DINV software to obtain 2D models of the subsurface resistivity. All profiles show a similar three-layered subsoil structure: a shallow clay-rich layer (1-15 ?m), a weathered tuff layer (30-50 ?m) at a depth of 5-7 m, which is the main slip surface, and competent volcanic bedrock of breccia and basalt (100-250 ?m) at the surface. When saturated, the weathered tuff loses shear strength dramatically, driving translational landslides that have repeatedly degraded this landscape. The robustness of these results is supported by subsequent landslip events at the investigated sites, with failure behavior consistent with the subsurface model derived from the ERT. The results provide a concrete spatial foundation for prioritizing subsurface drainage, slope revegetation, and land-use zoning as integrated strategies for the rehabilitation of landslide-degraded land in Tabbinjai.
Effects of compost-based soil amendments on soil water availability and turmeric yield in sandy and shallow soils of Northeast Thailand Chomun, Pranee; Thaithet, Sujitra; Khunthong, Sutdacha; Inboonchuay, Tawatchai
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10747

Abstract

Soil water limitation remains a major constraint on turmeric production in the sandy and shallow soils of northeastern Thailand. This study evaluated the effects of compost combined with selected soil amendments on soil moisture, physical properties, and turmeric yield under rainfed conditions. A three-year field experiment (2021-2023) was conducted using a randomized complete block design with six treatments: control (no compost), compost alone (12.5 t ha-1), and compost combined with biochar (6.25 t ha-1), rice husk ash (6.25 t ha-1), perlite (0.625 t ha-1), and gypsum (1.25 t ha-1). Trials were carried out on sandy and shallow soils in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. Amendments generally reduced bulk density and increased saturated hydraulic conductivity compared with the control. Soil moisture and available water capacity (AWC) improved significantly in both soils. Compost combined with rice husk ash resulted in the highest AWC, reaching 13.39% and 9.12% (v/v) in sandy and shallow soils, respectively, and produced the highest fresh rhizome yields (12.72 and 32.83 t ha-1, respectively). Enhanced soil water availability and improved soil structure were strongly associated with increased productivity. Compost alone was less effective under soils with pronounced physical constraints. In contrast, compost combined with rice husk ash consistently outperformed other treatments, indicating a practical strategy to enhance soil water retention, improve physical quality, and increase turmeric yield under rainfed conditions, thereby supporting more sustainable production systems.
Managing salinity-induced degradation in coastal agricultural land: Integrating vulnerability diagnostics and a hybrid adaptation pathway in Central Java, Indonesia Oelviani, Renie; Iskandar, Deden Dinar; Bakti, I Gede Mahatma Yuda; Santosa, Purbayu Budi
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10645

Abstract

Rising soil salinity and tidal inundation in coastal agricultural land in northern Java are threatening rice production and rural livelihoods. This study assessed the vulnerability of salinity-affected coastal agricultural land in Kendal and Pemalang, Central Java, Indonesia, and developed a hybrid adaptation pathway to address salinity-induced degradation. A mixed-methods design combined household surveys of 150 farming households, 80 semi-structured interviews, and field observations. Vulnerability was assessed using the Livelihood Vulnerability Index and interpreted in terms of the IPCC dimensions of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The composite LVI indicated that Pemalang was more vulnerable than Kendal, with values of 0.520 and 0.458, respectively. The two regencies had broadly similar exposure, although Pemalang had higher sensitivity and lower adaptive capacity, stronger land–water management constraints, weaker institutional support, and limited household resources. Salinity and tidal inundation reduced farm performance by lowering yields, increasing production costs, delaying cropping calendars, and reducing cultivable land. Spatial evidence showed that 316.78 ha of salinity-affected land in Kendal and 355 ha of agricultural land in Ulujami Sub-district, Pemalang, were no longer cultivable. Weak financial and human capital remained major constraints in both regencies. The study proposes a hybrid adaptation pathway combining short-term agronomic measures, medium-term land–water management, and long-term infrastructural and institutional strengthening.
Spatial assessment of soil fertility index on tropical mineral soil across land units in Padayo farming community, West Sumatra Hijri, Nurul; Reflinaldon, Reflinaldon; Hermansah, Hermansah; Juniarti, Juniarti; Harianti, Mimien; Noferita, Jelsi Trisna; Khairati, Nurul; Naspendra, Zuldadan; Ivanovich, Vasenev Ivan
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10759

Abstract

Soil fertility is one of the primary aspects determining agricultural productivity, especially in tropical mineral soils, where nutrient constraints frequently limit crop growth and yield. This study aimed to (a) assess and map the Soil Fertility Index (SFI) across different land units, (b) evaluate soil characteristics, and (c) analyze the major factors influencing soil fertility. A total of 21 soil samples from 14 land units were studied. The SFI was calculated using seven key soil chemical properties: pH, organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and aluminum. The results showed that soil fertility in the study area was generally low, with a mean SFI value of 21.53. Among the land units, two were classified as very low, nine as low, and three as moderate fertility. The lowest SFI (16.14) was observed in land unit pTls.2.Kc, while the highest (26.78) occurred in pTps.2.Hs. Only 34.50% of the area exhibited moderate fertility, with the remainder classified as low to very low. Principal component analysis revealed that four components accounted for 81.36% of the total variance, with the dominant factors ranked as follows: CEC>base saturation>aluminum saturation>K>Mg>Ca>Na>P>pH>soil organic carbon. High annual rainfall (5,064 mm/year) and predominantly moderately steep to steep slopes were the main agroclimatic and physical constraints limiting land use. The study highlighted that the SFI is effective in representing soil fertility status in tropical soils. The integration of suitable crops that are adapted to ecological conditions and the improvement of soil fertility based on key controlling factors are essential for utilizing the land.
Probabilistic slope stability of alluvial materials in Maruni River, Papua, using MC-LHS and Bishop-Spencer methods Lamma, Louis Hermanus; Setiawan, Arif; Valderama, Aldi Fariz; Aras, Firwansyah; Paradida, Yulia Putri
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10821

Abstract

The Maruni River in Manokwari Regency is one of the locations with sand and gravel resources, which are used as raw materials for infrastructure development. In the vicinity of the river, there is a slope with a steep inclination (>60°) and a height of approximately 8 m, which exhibits indications of minor landslides, suggesting potential instability. This condition necessitates a more comprehensive evaluation of slope stability. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate slope stability using a probabilistic approach to obtain a more representative assessment of failure risk. The analysis was conducted using the Bishop and Spencer methods, combined with Monte Carlo (MC) and Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) techniques. Distribution tests were conducted for the cohesion, internal friction angle, and bulk density parameters of the original soil using Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Based on the analysis, it is recommended to choose the Lognormal distribution for cohesion and internal friction angle, while the Normal distribution is more suitable for specific gravity. The findings indicate that the slope is marginally stable because its safety factor is approximately (close to) one, and the probability of failure does not decrease significantly. In stability assessment, the Spencer method provides a higher safety factor than the Bishop method; in addition, the LHS technique shows greater sensitivity than the MC method. Therefore, the application of probabilistic analysis with the integration of the Spencer method is considered more effective for evaluating slope stability.
Effects of rice husk biochar and genotype rice interaction on soil fertility and growth dynamics of upland rice in rainfed dryland Gamaruddin, Gamaruddin; Sudiarso, Sudiarso; Suryanto, Agus; Soemarno, Soemarno; Agustina, Rohmatin
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.133.10837

Abstract

Upland rice productivity in rainfed drylands of Eastern Indonesia remains constrained by severe soil degradation and suboptimal agronomic management. This study evaluated the combined effects of rice husk biochar (0, 5, 7.5, and 10 t ha-¹) and four upland rice genotypes on soil fertility improvement and growth dynamics across three physiological phases. A factorial randomized complete block design with three replications was implemented in Majene Regency, West Sulawesi. Results showed that biochar selectively improved the most degraded soil properties, increasing organic C (+13.4%), total N (+20-27%), and available phosphorus (+26.6%), while exchangeable potassium and C/N ratio remained unchanged. Soil improvements were consistent across genotypes, as no significant genotype × biochar interaction was detected. However, growth responses were strongly genotype-dependent, with significant interactions observed for plant height, tiller number (p<0.05), and crop growth rate (p<0.01). Temporal analysis identified the peak vegetative phase as the critical window for treatment differentiation. The Asseang genotype exhibited superior performance, achieving the highest plant height (115.7 cm), tiller number (21.3), and crop growth rate (9.12 g m-² day-¹). The optimal biochar dose was 7.5 t ha-¹, beyond which growth responses plateaued, highlighting the need for integrated genotype–biochar strategies for sustainable intensification.

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