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Articles 200 Documents

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Measurement of PM2.5 Concentration at the Photocopy Machine Center at Brawijaya University Environment Arinto Y. P. Wardoyo; Unggul P Juswono; Rowinda Sitanggang
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 4 (2012)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Air pollution is one of matters that faced by all states in this world. In outline air pollution can be distinguished into two there are outdoor pollutant and indoor pollutant. Material or substance which can pollute the air could organized as gas and particle. One source of indoor pollutant is photocopy machine. This study presents the measurements of PM2,5 concentration at several copy centers in Brawijaya University. The aims were to measure the PM2,5 concentrations at the eight copy centers using the Kanomax Mass Monitor Piezobalance 3522. The results from nine hours average PM2,5 value as that during business ranged from 0,02-0,09 mg/m3. The showed that the six of the 8 copy centers having the PM2,5 concentration more than the Indonesia governments air quality standard of 0,035 mg/m3 at 24 hours.

Radiation Generator Design for Increasing Efficiency in Gas Stove M. Djamil
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 4 (2012)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

It has been designed an additional part of a gas stove called ARP that is aimed to increase an efficiency of the stove. The ARP was made of Nickel that was a circle in shaped. The ARP was varied in diameter of the phrame, a length of wire, and a diameter of wire named Shape Factor (FB). An other variables set up to add an efficiency of stove was position factor (FP) consisting of a position of the ARP in between the stove and the load. The effisiency of stove was investigated by varying the FB and FP factors in a different set of value. The results showed that the efficiency of stove was increased of 20 % for the FP was set of 0.17 and the FB was varied between 0.31 and 0.42.

Antibacterial Activity of Phenol Gracillaria verrucosa Extract on Aeromonas Salmonicida Bacteria in vitro Moh. Awaludin Adam; Hardoko Hardoko; Maftcuh Maftcuh
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

The aim of research were to investigeste the effect of antibacterial activity of phenolic extracts Gracillaria verrucosa on the growth of bacteria Aeromonas salmonicida and the number of doses and optimal time extract. The method used was an experiment with a completely randomized design (CRD). The concentration of the extract used were 1 ppt, 1.5 ppt and 2 ppt. Each treatment was done 3 replications. Based on the test results of ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) showed that the average value of the inhibition of post Gracilaria verrucosa phenol extract was significantly different (p <0.05). LSD (Least Significant Difference) showed that Gracilaria verrucosa phenol extract at a dose of 1.5 ppt has the highest average value of the inhibition by 15 mm, followed by a dose of 1 ppt and 2 ppt with a mean of respectively 10 mm and 11 mm.

Safety Analysis of Stacy's Critical Territory Criticality with Monte Carlo Transport Calculations Zuhair Zuhair
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

A set of experiment has been done at STACY facility and many fundamental parameters of uranyl nitrate solution have been found out. Criticality is one of main parameters in predicting neutronic characteristic of STACY experiment beside solution level reactivity, void reactivity, kinetic parameter and temperature reactivity which dominates transient phenomenon in abnormal condition. Criticality experiment performed at STACY core uses 9.97% 235U -enriched uranyl nitrate solution with 80-cm-diameter cylindrical and 150-cm-height tank. Eight critical configurations in unrelected and water-reflected conditions were selected in this paper for criticality safety calculation with Monte Carlo transport code MCNPX. For all configurations, MCNPX calculations show good consistency with the trend of producing underestimated keff. Calculation biases with experimental data (keff = 1) for water-reflected configurations, i.e. 0.01-0.18%, were slightly better than those of unreflected configurations (0.14-0.41%). MCNPX calculation results which are better than the prediction of MCNP-4C concludes that MCNPX is more eligible to be applied to criticality safety analysis of uranyl nitrate solution in commercial nuclear fuel cycle facility.

Effects of Gamma Radiation Exposure to Hematopoietic Cells on Bone Marrow Qomariyah, Nurul; Rifaâ€™i, Muhaimin; Juswono, Unggul P.
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Radiotherapy is a treatment for cancer which use external radiation sources with the aim to damage the DNA in the nucleus of the cancer chromosomes and cause necrosis of cancer cells. The exposure of radiation to the spinal cord as the site of blood cell formation would change the hematopoietic circulation system. The effect of gamma radiation exposure on decreasing of hematopoietic cells quantity is still unknown and it needs further experiment to determine the effect the radiation and the effect of P. niruriÂ extract giving on the reduction of immune cells quantity which are CD34+ and B220+ cells in the bone marrow. In this experiment, five variations of the dose radiation was used. The dose were 100 rad, 200 rad, 300 rad, 400 rad and 500 rad and use single dose of P. niruri as much 250 mg/kg BB. The dose of 100 rad radiation was given daily and P. niruri extract was given for 14 days before and during radiation. The amount of the CD34+ and B220+ cells is counted and analyzed by Flow cytometry. The result of this experiment showed that the giving of gamma ray irradiation reduced the amount of immune cells in the bone marrow. The increasing radiation dose was caused increasing of the reduction of cells immune quantity. The giving of P.niruri extract inhibits hematopoietic cell through increasing of the absolut amount of CD34+ cell in the bone marrow.

Effect of Adding Ions - Metal Ions to Pectinase Activity Isolation from Bacillus Subtilis on Bleaching Paper Mardiana Prasetyani Putri; Anna Roosdiana; Sasangka Prasetyawan; Diah Mardiana
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Pectinase enzyme used as biocatalyst to overhaul pectat compounds or pectin. Pectinase avtivity was affected by metal ions. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of adding metal ions on pectinase activity and its inhibition type.. Determination of enzyme activity was based on galacturonic acid produced, which was analyzed by spectrophotometric using DNS reagent. Concentration of metal ions used i.e. Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ were 2-10 mM. The result showed that Vm and KM number without ions were 161.29 µmol/mL minutes and 0.55%(w/v), respectively. While the presence of ions Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ were producing Vmapp 147.06; 156.25 and 153.85µg.ml-1min-1, KMapp of 0.56%; 0.63% and 0.65%, and also KI of 333,33; 41,38; 32,9. The inhibition to metal ions are non-competitif inhibition.

Growth of Probiotic Bacteria (Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum) in Medium Mixed Taro Rope (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott var Boring) and Soybean Powder Joni Kusnadi; Kartika Cahyania Pratiwi
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

This study was aimed to determine the effect of mix proportions of soy powder and taro flour on the growth of probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum. The experiments were performed using a randomized block design with two factors: the proportion of taro flour: soybean powder on the fermentation medium (6%: 9%, 7.5%: 7.5%, and 8%: 7%) and type of probiotic bacteria (B. bifidum and L. plantarum) with 3 replications. The results showed that treatment of taro flour and soybean powder on fermentation medium significantly (α = 0.05) decrease the degree of acidity (pH). While the treatment of probiotic (B. bifidum and L. plantarum) isolates significantly (α = 0.05) increase the total BAL, reduced the degree of acidity (pH), decreased total sugar and starch content. There is no interaction between the two treatments. The best treatment was obtained from the proportion of taro flour fermentation medium: soybean powder of 8%: 7% for L. plantarum isolates with the total L. plantarum of 4,24x1010CFU/ml, the degree of acidity (pH) of 3.32, and total sugar and starch content of 19.29%, 6.53%, respectively.

Potential Soursop Leaf Extract, Soursop Seeds and Mahogany Seeds for Grayak Caterpillar Control (Spodoptera litura L.) Yanuwiadi, Bagyo; Leksono, Amin Setyo; H., Hiasinta Guruh; Fathoni, M.; Bedjo, Bedjo
Natural B Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B

This research objective is to compare the effect of extracts of soursop leave, sousop seed and mahogany seed on stop feeding, mortality and surviving of pupae and imago of army worm (Spodoptera litura L.). Army worm larvae were collected from Kebun Percobaan Muneng Research Field, Probolinggo and transferred to laboratorium for rearing and treatment. Soursop leaves, soursop seeds and mahagony seeds were extracted by aquades extraction method. Bioassays were conducted by using five concentration variation applied on 10 larvae by dipping method with twice replication. Observation of stof feeding was conducted every 2 hours during 24 hours. Whereas, observation on mortality was done every 24 hours during 168 hours. Result showed that the effect of soursop leave extract on the stop feeding and mortality was better than that of soursop and mahogany seed. This effect was started from 33.3% at 16 HAA (hours after application) increased to 46% at 24 HSA. Interestingly, the effect on survivality of pupae and imago was highest on the application of mahagony extract. The failure of pupation was 70%, and that of imago was 76.6%. This indicates that the effect of soursop leave extract is better for sort time application but on the long-term, the effect of mahogany seed is better than the others.Â

Synthesis of N, N-diethyl-2-Hydroxybenzamide Using Methyl Salicylate from Gandapura Oil Suratmo Suratmo; Rurini Retnowati; Devina Azzuhro
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

The synthesis of N,N-diethyl-2-hydroxybenzamide used methyl salicylate from gandapura oil was conducted. This study aims to find out the synthesis process of N,N-diethyl-2-hydroxybenzamide from methyl salicylate. Methyl salicylate from gandapura oil was mixed with 40% diethylamine solution in diethyl eter and 1% NaOH solution in methanol. The mixture was stirred at 0°C for 1 hour and continued for 24 hours at room temperature. Compound synthesized was separated and determined physical properties include color, shape, odor and melting point, and was identified by FT-IR spectrophotometer and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The results of identification by FT-IR spectrophotometer showed absorption at 1631.67 cm-1 which is the C = O stretching vibrations of amide. The identification results obtained by GC-MS 6 peak. Peak with a retention time of 26.948 minutes with the fragmentation pattern is thought to be the target compound (N, N-diethyl-2-hidroksibenzamida). Identification results from GC-MS obtained 6 peak, and peaks with the retention time of 14.363 minutes showed the presence of methylsalicylate compounds, whereas the peak with a retention time of 26.948 minutes is suspected to be the synthesized compounds (N,N-diethyl-2-hydroxybenzamide). Target compounds synthesized gained by 0.21% in the form of brown solid matter with a melting point of 106-112oC.

Analysis of Radiant Gamma Illumination Effects on Pancreatic Insulin Levels Before and After The Administration of Pare Fruit Extract (M. charantia) On Weed Mice Glucose Zulkarnain Zulkarnain; Johan A. E. Noor; Unggul P Juswono
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Gamma rays are ionizing radiation causes cells damage. Cells damage was caused by radiation related to free radicals as a product when the interaction was happened. The cell defense mechanisms against free radicals involves an active compound called antioxidant that can neutralize it. The objectives of this research were to analyze effects of gamma radiation and to investigate the effects of M. charantia extract giving on the pancreas resistance in producing insulin. One hundred eighty mice were used in this research. They were divided into four group: negatif control (K-), radiation non-extract (R-), positif control (K+) and radiation with extract (R+). The Mice were treated with 200 mg/kg BB, 400 mg/kg BB, 600 mg/kg BB, 800 mg/kg BB, and 1000 mg/kg BB. Exposure of gamma rays is given fractionally for five days with 100 rad per fraction ranging from 100 rad, 200 rad, 300 rad, 400 rad and 500 rad per treatment. Insulin levels was measured by ELISA. The results showed that radiation exposure reduced the insulin levels, increase in radiation dose causes increasing of reduction of insulin levels. The giving of M. charantia extract reduced of reduction of insulin levels and also maintained the insulin levels.

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