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Articles 200 Documents

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Effect of Deposition Rate on Morphology of Zinc Phthalocyanine Layer (ZnPc) on Polystyrene Surface / QCM with Vacuum Evaporation Process Fadli Robiandi; Lalu A Didik; Eka Rahmawati; Susi Rahayu; Masruroh Masruroh; Setyawan P. Sakti; Djoko H Santjojo
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Deposition of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) layer on top polistiren surface by vacuum evaporation method has been investigated. PS layer was coated on QCM surface by spin coater and ZnPc layer was deposited on its surface by vacuum evaporator with three variation of deposition rate, i.e 1.39 ´ 10-4, 8.08 ´ 10-2 dan 7,41 ´ 10-1 μm/s. The morphology and surface roughness of ZnPc layer was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and non-contact topography measurement system TMS-1200 TopMap. SEM image of ZnPc layer with deposition rate of 1.39 ´ 10-4, 8.08 ´ 10-2 and 7.41 ´ 10-1 μm/s shows porous and fibre like structure. The size of pores and fibre structures of ZnPc layer that produced by deposition rates of 1.39 x10-4 and 8.08 x10-2 μm/s is smaller than size of pores and fibre that produced by 7.41 ´ 10-1 μm/s. Moreover, increasing the deposition rate result a lot of ZnPc molecules make a bonding as fibrous result in the volume of fibrous increasing. Moreover, the increasing fibre size result pores volume increase. Therefore deposition rate can affect surface roughness, and roughness value is proportional to morphology of ZnPc layer. Based on result of TMS-1200 TopMap, the highest roughness level is 1310 nm, it’s found on the ZnPc layer that produced by deposition rate of 7,41 ´ 10-1 μm/s.

PFRET Measurements Using Sensitized Emission Methods in Observation of Calcium Changes in Oocytes Nathania Nanasari; Djoko Herry Santjojo; Chomsin Sulistiya Widodo; Hari Soepriandono
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is a process of non-radiative energy transfer from donor molecule to an acceptor. We expect to know the quantitative FRET measurements in immature and mature goat oocyte with the presence of calcium. FRET was detected using a laser scanning confocal microscope. We assume that calcium as a donor and fluo-3 as an acceptor. The methods of sensitized emission have been used for quantitative FRET measurement. We also describe the precision FRET (PFRET) data analysis. The value of PFRET describe the presence of calsium in immature and mature oocytes. For these immature and mature oocytes, the results of PFRET are 622,5 and 754,57 respectively. Mature oocyte has more calsium than immature oocyte.

Studies on the Effect of Pollutant Waste on Free Radical Content in Tilapia Gill Organs (Oreochromis Niloticus) Nindha A. Berlianti; Chomsin S. Widodo; Unggul P. Juswono
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Studies on the effect of heavy metal pollution on the appearance of free radicals in aquatic biota has been done by applying heavy metals Pb, Cd and Hg in tilapia fish (Oreochromis Niloticus). Free radicals research was done to organ of tilapia gills using ESR. The result showed that the concentration of Pb Nitrate 0.2 ppm – 1.4 ppm, Cd Nitrate 0.02 ppm – 0.14 ppm and Hg Nitrate 0.006 ppm – 0.018 ppm could improve free radical O2-. Free radicals concentration in organ of tilapia gills will increase with increasing concentration of heavy metals.

Cu (II) Recovery with Solid Phase Extraction Technique Using Silica Adsorbent from Rice Husk ash - Chitosan Nanang Tri Widodo; Ani Mulyasuryani; Akhmad Sabarudin
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Copper compounds are widely used in modern industry. Many of these compounds are dumped into the surrounding environment. Copper is toxic and able to cause some diseases. The aim of this study is to create solid phase from natural material that applied to the solid phase extraction method as an alternative method to decrease the level of copper from water bodies and able to preconcentrate Cu2+ ions, reaching the detectable level. Silica from rice husk ash modified with chitosan result in an adsorbent that can improve the adsorption of Cu2+. Interaction of Cu2+ with solid phase silica–chitosan is based on data of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The percentage recovery of Cu2+ each the Cu2+ concentration of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 ppm is 55.32%, 54.35% and 71.94%. The adsorbent has ability to adsorb Cu2+ is 100%.

Effect of Xylene and Tetrahydrofuran Solvent Type on Polystyrene Layer Thickness With Spin Coating Method Eka Rahmawati; Fadli Robiandi; Lalu A Didik; Susi Rahayu; Djoko H Santjojo; Setyawan P Sakti; Masruroh Masruroh
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Surface modification of QCM by applying polystyrene (Ps) as a coating layer has been investigated. The PS layer was coated onto QCM sensor by using spin coating method. Polystyrene was dissolved in two different solvents i.e., xylene and Tetrahydrofuran (THF) with various concentration i,e 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and the velocity angular of spin coater were 1500 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2500 rpm, 3000 rpm, 3500 rpm, dan 4000 rpm. The results show that different solvent result in the difference of thickness of polystyrene coating layer. By calculation with the Sauerbrey equation, the thickness of Ps layer using xylene solvent show 0.1 µm, 0.28 µm, 0.35 µm, 0.59 µm, and 0.81 µm. While by using THF, the thickness of each Ps layer are 0.15 µm, 0.43 µm, 0.84 µm, 0.97 µm, 1.28 µm. On the other hand, by applying different velocity of spin coater, the thickness of polystyrene with xylene are 0.486 µm, 0.445 µm, 0.432 µm, 0.350 µm, 0.320 µm, 0,290 µm, respectively. Moreover, the thickness of PS layer by using THF show 1.05 µm, 0.93 µm, 0.87 µm, 0.84 µm, 0.67 µm, 0.52 µm. Vapor pressure of each solvent is considered as the main property of solvent which influence the thickness of coating. The vapor pressure of THF (143 mmHg) is higher than the vapor pressure of xylene (72 mmHg), the thickness Ps layer with THF is thicker than that of by xylene solvents.

Exploration of P-Mentan-3-OL Compounds Through Catalytic Reaction Against Sitronelal Using Cu / ZnBr2 / γAl2O3 Catalyst and Gas N2 and H2 Ajeng Santiara; Cicilia Shinta Putri Cahyani; Elvina Dhiaul Iftitah
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Exploration compound p-menthan-3-ol has been carried out using Cu/ZnBr2/γ-Al2O3 as a catalyst in N2 and H2 atmospheric gases. This research was done in several stages that is Cu/ZnBr2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst preparation, catalyst characterization, and catalytic reactions toward citronellal. Impregnation of Cu (NO3)2.3H2O in ZnBr2/γ-Al2O3 wasperformed in methanol as a solvent for Cu/ZnBr2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst preparation. Stage was followed by a catalytic reaction to citronellal that performed in a glass reactor modification with atmospheric gases H2; N2 and H2 at 90 OC temperature variations and 120 OC. Catalyst characterizations was performed using XRD and SEM - EDX, so it could be seen with either Cu was impregnated on ZnBr2/γ-Al2O3. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography - mass spectrum (GC-MS) was used to determine the activity of the catalyst through a catalytic reaction product analysis. Isopulegol was obtained from the product p- menthan-3-ol with a selectivity of 37.75 % in H2 gas atmosphere at a temperature of 120 OC for 4 hours, and isopulegol selectivity was obtained in atmospheric gases N2: H2 = 3:2 at a temperature of 120 OC with reaction time of 4 hours was equal to 25.82 % .

Effect of Rosella Petal Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) On SOD Activity and Mouse Eye Rat (Rattus Wistar) Exposed to Gamma Radiation Rara Pramita; Chomsin S. Widodo; Unggul P. Juswono
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Measurement activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Malondhyaldehyde (MDA) to analyze the effect of roselle calyx extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) after exposure 300 rad gamma radiation. 35 male white rats (Rattus Wistar) were exposed to fractination dose of 300 rad for 7 day, are given in the sonde 2cc/days roselle extract for 16 days with a dose variation 62.5 mg/200 g BW, 125 mg/200 g BW, 250 mg/200 g BW, 400 mg/200 g BW, and 550 mg/200 g BW. Measurement of the activity of SOD and MDA were done by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methode. Extract Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) 250 mg/200 gr BW increase the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decrease Malondialdehyde (MDA) after being exposed to radiation of 300 rad.

Utilization of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens as Biosensor to Measure BOD5 In Water Level Sri Sugiarti; Setyawan P. Sakti; Unggul P. Juswono
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 2, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Along with population growth, the need for clean water is increasing. The availability of clean water is starting to decrease due to the decline in quality and quantity of water in the environment. Water quality degradation can be caused by water pollution from industrial waste disposal. One of the parameters to measure the level of pollution is the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Beside titration, biosensor method is a method developed to measure the BOD. The purpose of this study is to design a microorganism-based biosensor that can be used to measure levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) using a microelectrode transducer with Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescents as bioreceptor on phenol wastes. BOD concentration was controlled by adding phenol in water with concentration of 0 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 150 mg/L, 200 mg/L and 250 mg/L. BOD concentration as measured by using titration method and developed biosensor. Experimental result shows that the potential of the biosensor linearly correlated to the concentration of BOD in water. Membrane surface area does not contribute any effect to the output potential of the biosensor. We can conclude that both Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescents can be use as material for measuring BOD concentration in water.

Aquatic Sediments Roles of Brantas Watershed Outlet on Availability of Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Na +, K + and Boron in Water Board as Irrigation Water Source I Made Gede Sudyadnyana Sandhika; Barlah Rumhayati; Atikah Atikah
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 3, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

The role of aquatic sediment of outlet DAS Sumber Brantas for the availability of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and boron in water body has been investigated from July-September 2014. Sediment and water samples were collected from the outlet of Sumber Brantas watershed in Arboretum Sumber Brantas village, Batu. This research aim was to investigate the distribution and sediment role for availability of Ca, Mg, Na, K, and boron in water body. The research results show that Ca was the dominant metal ion that was found in water body, while in sediment metal ions that dominant were Ca and Mg. The concentration of metal ion Ca was highest in August with average of concentration 1105.51 ppm and concentration of metal ion Mg was highest in July with average of concentration 1038.94 ppm. Comparison for metal ions concentration in water and sediment shows that sediment had a greater role as a sink for metal ion Ca and boron, while the sediment was a source for metal ions Mg, Na, and K in water body.

Production of Organic Polymer Based Monolithic Columns for Anion Separation using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Dewi Annisa’; Aprilia Nur Tasfiyati; Hermin Sulistyarti; Akhmad Sabarudin
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 3, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Methacrylate-based monolithic columns have been prepared in silanized silicosteel column (100 ´ 0.5 mm id) by in situ polymerization reaction, using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as monomer, ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) as crosslinker, porogen (1-propanol, 1,4 butandiol, water) and initiator AIBN. Monolith poly-(GMA-co-EDMA) was then modified with diethylamine and benzyl chloride to obtain ammonium quartener as strong anion exchanger. From the characterization of 4 monolith in this study, monolithic columns poly-(GMA-co-EDMA) with %T 40, %C 25 and polymerization time 24 h has good mechanical stability and permeability, adequate molecular recognition sites (indicated by binding capacity value of 10,119 mg/mL), and has good proportion of flow throughpore and mesopores (45,04% and 41,32% respectively). It can successfully separate the mixture sample of anion consisting of fluoride, bromide, sulfate and nitrate ions by indirect UV detection.

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