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Rekayasa Sipil
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
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Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
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Articles 536 Documents
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PTV Vissim Calibration and Validation of Median Opening U-Turn Karimi, Muh Bahrul Ulum Al; Haryadi, Bambang; Setiadji, Bagus Hario; Mahfuda, Anno
Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 2 (2025): Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 2
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2025.019.02.15

Abstract

Traffic conditions at a median opening are more complex than signalized or unsignalized intersections. Driving behaviors and the driver's ability to maneuver a U-turn can affect median opening performance. Using software such as PTV Vissim, simulations can be carried out to help analyze traffic conditions and make necessary decisions. This study aims to simulate the median opening u-turn using PTV Vissim to resemble actual traffic conditions and validate it statistically. The calibration involves adjusting traffic volume, headway distribution, speed distribution, driving behaviors, conflict area, and critical gap. One of the important parameters in an unsignalized intersection, especially for U-turn movements at median openings, is the necessary gap. Most simulations still focus on driving behavior parameters, while the critical gap should be used as a calibration parameter to determine safe distances. Additionally, headway distribution predicts the arrival of vehicles that will pass through the median opening. This study adds calibration to the headway distribution parameter and critical gap parameter. The validation MAPE and GEH results for the calibrated simulation are good and acceptable. Meanwhile, the uncalibrated (default) simulation shows poor and unacceptable values. This evidence indicates that calibration is essential in the PTV Vissim simulation. Factors that affect the simulation result are inconsistent drivers, aggressive driver behavior, and inability to comply with priority rules. Driving patterns in mixed and heterogeneous traffic conditions create opportunities and spaces for making U-turns. Simulating this factor is challenging, so a more careful calibration is needed.
Development of Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Model in Java Island with Morphometric Parameters Maulida Hayati; Limantara, Lily Montarcih; Prasetyorini, Linda
Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3 (2025): Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2025.019.03.1

Abstract

The synthetic unit hydrograph (HSS) is used as a predictive tool in hydrological studies, particularly to estimate the peak discharge due to design rainfall, which is very useful in water infrastructure planning and flood control. This study aims to develop more accurate HSS parameters by considering the influence of morphometry, namely, the watershed form factor and the watershed area. The study involved 10 watersheds located on the island of Java, which were selected as study sites to provide a broader and more representative context for the variation in characteristics in the study area. The methods used include watershed morphometric analysis to determine the location and shape factor of the watershed, hydrograph analysis to produce unit hydrographs per watershed/sub-watersheds, and hydrograph analysis to determine the size of the sub-watershed and explicit modeling technique with multiple linear regression, which is the writing of a mathematical model that shows the relationship between the dependent variables (Qp and Tp) and the independent variables (A and FD, respectively). The result of the study is a HSS model on Java Island with parameters FD and A obtained the following equation: peak discharge (Qp) = 18.465 - 25.730 (FD) + 0.039 (A), and peak time (Tp) = 2.962 - 0.766 (FD) + 0.001 (A), where FD is the watershed form factor and A is the watershed area. Correlation coefficient (R) for peak discharge (R = 0.962) and peak time (R = 0.974). Coefficient of determination (R2) for peak discharge (R2 = 0.926) and peak time (R2 = 0.948).
Interaction of Composite Material-Based Geopolymer with Soil in Road Pavement using Finite Element Method Irnawan, Muhammad Chofi; Zaika, Yulvi; Munawir, As'ad
Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3 (2025): Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2025.019.03.2

Abstract

Geopolymer is an eco-friendly binder derived from natural or artificial precursors such as fly ash and slag. The purpose of this research is to investigate the response of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) with Geobead (GB) filler based geopolymer to soil in terms of vertical deflection values using Axisymmetric model Finite Element Method (FEM), which compared with unbound materials such as granular base courses or bound materials such as cement-treated base (CTB), lean concrete (LC), and foamed concrete (FC). The model was loaded with incremental static loading due to vehicle wheel load, and the pavement behavior, such as vertical surface deflection at the base layer with bonded and unbonded materials, was analyzed. The analysis indicated that using bonded materials based on geopolymer resulted in smaller deflection values when compared to base course materials. The addition of geobead affects the unit weight reduction of the pavement material. However, increasing the rise in geobead content results in a vertical deflection value due to reduced bonding between RCA grains. The deflection value of the RCA-GB-based geopolymer in all variations of GB content is below that of the granular materials. However, geopolymer-based materials with the addition of geobeads resulted in greater deflection than CTB, LC, and FC.
Flexural Performance of a Semi-Precast Two-Way Slab with AAC Infill and Hybrid Bamboo–Steel Reinforcement under Point Loading Dwi Putra, Bagus Ginanjar; Dewi, Sri Murni; Wisnumurti
Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3 (2025): Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2025.019.03.3

Abstract

This study investigates the flexural performance of a semi-precast two-way ribbed slab system composed of a ferrocement bottom layer, Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) infill, and a hybrid bamboo–steel reinforcement configuration, subjected to a centrally applied point load. Two specimens were tested experimentally to evaluate their deflection behavior, crack patterns, and ultimate load capacity. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was also used to simulate the slab’s response and validate the experimental outcomes. The experimental results indicated ultimate load capacities of 5277 kg and 5000 kg for specimens S1 and S2, with corresponding maximum deflections of 6.80 mm and 6.90 mm. Diagonal cracks were observed originating from the load application point, which was consistent with flexural behavior under concentrated loading. The FEM simulation predicted an ultimate load of 5500 kg and a maximum deflection of 6.38 mm, resulting in a load deviation of +4.44% and a deflection deviation of –6.97% relative to the experimental average. Despite idealized assumptions in the numerical model, the FEM results showed good agreement with experimental observations in terms of deformation patterns and stress distribution. These findings demonstrate the potential of the proposed slab system for structural applications incorporating lightweight materials and alternative reinforcements. Further studies are recommended to explore its dynamic performance and practical feasibility in sustainable construction practices.
Optimization of Strong Compressive Strength of Environmentally Friendly Paving Blocks through Substitution of Cow Bone Powder and PET Plastic Waste as Additives Chayrunnisa, Adelia; Setyaningrum, Aprilia Nur Dwi; Suwarto, Fardzanela; Putri, Dita Mentari
Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3 (2025): Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2025.019.03.4

Abstract

Cracks caused by excessive loads that exceed compressive strength remain a major issue when applying paving blocks. This study aims to develop environmentally friendly paving blocks by utilizing PET plastic waste and cattle bone powder as substitute materials, and to evaluate their effect on the compressive strength characteristics of paving blocks. Cattle bone powder was used as a partial cement substitute in proportions of 0%, 15%, 20%, and 25%, while PET plastic waste was used as a partial sand substitute at 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%, intended to fill micro-voids in the concrete mixture. The paving block samples were rectangular, measuring 20 × 10.5 × 6 cm. Based on compressive strength test results at 7 days, converted to 28 days, the highest strength value was achieved with the mixture containing 15% cattle bone powder and 5% PET, reaching 29.22 MPa—meeting the SNI 03-0691-1996 quality standard for Class B. The lowest compressive strength was recorded in the mixture with 20% cattle bone powder and 15% PET plastic, at 6.89 MPa. The lowest water absorption value was found in the mix with 0% cattle bone powder and 5% PET, at 2.79%, while the highest water absorption occurred in the mixture with 25% cattle bone powder and 15% PET, at 8.06%.
Analysis of Damage Levels and Maintenance Using IRI on the Pandaan-Malang Toll Road Ahmad Abdul Aziz, Hafif; Ayu Kusuma Dewi, Vita; Nurita Prameswari, Putri; Izatullilah
Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3 (2025): Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2025.019.03.5

Abstract

Good road conditions are critical in ensuring the comfort, safety, and efficiency of road users' journeys. The Pandaan–Malang Toll Road, as a strategic infrastructure with a traffic volume of 43 million vehicles per year, faces challenges related to the degradation of road surface quality due to traffic dominated by light vehicles. However, previous studies have not extensively integrated the relationship between vehicle volume and the International Roughness Index (IRI) values on a segmental basis as a basis for maintenance evaluation. This study aims to analyze the IRI conditions of five segments of the Pandaan–Malang toll road during the period 2022–2024 and recommend maintenance strategies based on IRI classification in accordance with Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing Regulation No. 47 of 2015. The method used is quantitative with secondary data analysis of IRI values from PT Jasa Marga Pandaan–Malang based on RoadRoid Survey Application and processed using Microsoft Excel. The results show that the average IRI value in 2024 is 3.66, classified as Good, but Segments I and II classified as Fair with values >4 and require periodic maintenance. Other segments can still be maintained through routine maintenance. This study concludes that the IRI values show a stable trend but have the potential to increase without planned maintenance. Future research is recommended to examine the integration between IRI, PCI, and traffic load to develop a more comprehensive and applicable road damage prediction model.
Enhancing Red Brick Quality Using Corn Cob Ash and Blood Clam Shell Powder Adisti, Najeelina Putri; Yaqub, Muhammad Ardhiansyah Sofyan; Fauziyah, Shifa; Suwarto, Fardzanela
Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3 (2025): Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2025.019.03.6

Abstract

Problems related to the quality of red bricks are still frequently encountered, particularly cracks or damage that occur during the firing process. To minimize these problems, efforts are needed to improve the quality of bricks through material innovation. This study aims to analyze the optimal mixture composition by substituting corn cob ash and adding blood clam shell powder to produce red bricks. Corn cob ash is used as a substitute material to reduce water absorption, with variations of 3%, 4%, and 5%, while blood clam shell powder is added at 5% to enhance compressive strength. The research method used was experimental, where the sample production process was conducted directly at the production site. A total of 21 test specimens were prepared with dimensions of 220 mm × 95 mm × 45 mm. Testing was conducted in accordance with the SNI 15-2094-2000 standard, including testing of physical properties, size, water absorption, density, and compressive strength. The research results showed that the most optimal mixture was found in variation 7, consisting of 95% clay, 5% corn cob ash, and 5% blood clam shell powder. This composition produced bricks with water absorption of 18.06%, density of 1.3 g/cm³, and average compressive strength of 42.98 kg/cm². However, this innovation requires higher production costs compared to conventional red bricks.
Structural Damage Assessment and Seismic Performance Optimization (case study: Ambon City Regional Representative Council Building) Madobaafu, Sarivanoly; Wibowo, Ari; Wisnumurti
Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3 (2025): Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2025.019.03.7

Abstract

The earthquake in Ambon City in 2019 damaged several buildings, including the DPRD building. This study aims to evaluate the seismic performance of the building and identify effective structural strengthening methods. The method used is pushover analysis, with structural modeling carried out using SAP2000 v.26. Lateral loads are applied gradually until the structure collapses. Secondary data in technical drawings and building documentation are used to build a structural model in SAP2000. The analysis results show that before reinforcement, the maximum roof displacement (?) reached 0.352 meters, with a total building height of 17 meters, resulting in a drift ratio of 0.0207 in the X–X direction, which is assumed to be the weak axis. Based on the ATC-40 criteria, this condition indicates the structural performance level in the "Life Safety" category. Concrete jacketing was applied to critical columns identified from the initial analysis to improve the structural performance. After remodeling the structure in the post-reinforcement condition, the study showed a reduction in maximum displacement to 0.335 meters, with a drift ratio of 0.01970. Performance level of the structure improved to the "Damage Control" category, indicating that the structure has better deformation capacity and lower potential for damage in the event of a similar-intensity earthquake.
Early Identification of Potential Increases in Construction Costs Based on SAP S/4 HANA Gunawan, Ratih Yuliani; Girsang, Hamonangan; Djawu, Patricia Kanicia
Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3 (2025): Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2025.019.03.8

Abstract

The construction industry plays a strategic role in developing infrastructure and facilities. However, issues such as cost overruns often lead to losses in the construction project implementation. This issue has been highlighted recently, especially in state-owned construction service companies. Rapid evaluation of cost control is crucial to mitigate potential project cost increases. This is because a cost overrun can potentially harm the company. Therefore, cost control in construction projects becomes a very important aspect and needs to be managed effectively. Currently, one of the software programs widely used in company cost management is the SAP S/4 HANA program, an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) application. This research aims to identify the potential of construction cost overruns. Through the data analysis conducted, this research includes analysis of cost management in construction projects, project implementation budgets, work breakdown structure (WBS), and cost breakdown structure (CBS). It presents solutions for potential cost overruns early using SAP S/4 HANA in the University XYZ building project.  The research was conducted using a literature study and a quantitative analysis method—data collection from interviews and analysis, as well as conclusions. Data processing using the SAP S/4 HANA program provides advantages in providing real-time information about the project budget conditions and enables effective and efficient decision-making. The research findings indicate that Top management support, Vendor support, User Training, and SAP S/4 HANA’s report can influence the successful implementation of SAP S/4 HANA in early detection. The analysis of the final project costs based on the SAP S/4 HANA Project System module in the University XYZ Lecture Building Project indicates a potential construction cost increase.
Impact of Friction Dampers on Seismic Performance: A Case Study of an Under-Designed Building Subjected to an Earthquake Abdurrahman, Yusril; Wibowo, Ari; Zacoeb, Achfas
Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3 (2025): Rekayasa Sipil Vol. 19 No. 3
Publisher : Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2025.019.03.9

Abstract

This study investigates the use of friction dampers to retrofit and enhance the seismic resilience of under-designed reinforced concrete buildings. A finite element model of a five-story reinforced concrete hospital, intentionally designed not to meet standard drift requirements, underwent nonlinear time history analysis. This analysis simulated two earthquake scenarios, with return periods of 225 (BSE-1E) and 975 (BSE-2E) years, considering soft soil conditions. The structure's seismic behavior was evaluated by analyzing key parameters such as base shear and inter-story drift ratio. The results showed that adding friction dampers significantly enhances the hospital's local and global structural performance in both earthquake scenarios. At the regional level, the dampers greatly decreased structural damage, eliminating plastic joints in the >CP category during the BSE-1E scenario and reducing them by up to 86.49% in the BSE-2E scenario. The dampers effectively reduced roof drift ratios at the global level, achieving a 45% reduction in the BSE-1E scenario. In the BSE-2E scenario, roof drift was kept below the Life Safety limit, with a 33.5% reduction. However, the dampers' effectiveness decreased as earthquake intensity increased, indicating limitations in their ability to manage scenarios beyond the initial design assumptions.

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