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AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 01260537     EISSN : 24778516     DOI : https://doi.org/10.17503
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Brawijaya Indonesia in collaboration with Indonesian Agronomy Association (PERAGI). The aims of the journal are to publish and disseminate high quality, original research papers and article review in plant science i.e. agronomy, horticulture, plant breeding, soil sciences, plant protection and other pertinent field related to plant production. AGRIVITA is published three times per year. The Journal has been indexed in SCOPUS, Scimago Journal Ranks (SJR), Emerging Source Citation Index ( ESCI-Web of Science), EBSCO, ProQuest, Google Scholar and others international indexing. AGRIVITA is accredited first grade (Sinta 1/S1) for five years (2018-2023) based on Decree No: 30/E/KPT/2018 by Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (Ristek Dikti), The Republic of Indonesia. We accept submission from all over the world. All submitted articles shall never been published elsewhere, original and not under consideration for other publication.
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Articles 934 Documents
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Growth and Yield of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in Plastic House in Response to White LED Supplementary Lighting Wasinee Chamchum; Somchai Glahan; Somsak Kramchote; Phonkrit Maniwara; Patcharaporn Suwor
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 45, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v45i2.3967

Abstract

Watermelon plants cultivar ‘Kinaree 457’ were grown in plastic house under natural daylight only (control) or with nightly LED supplementary lighting for 6 h (6:00 pm-12:00 pm) or 12 h (6:00 pm-6:00 am) starting from transplanting up to fruit harvest. Plant height, leaf chlorophyll content and fruit yield significantly increased in response to 6 h supplementary LED lighting. Fruit mass, size (length x width) and flesh thickness at 6 h LED treatment were about 2.3 kg, 19.3 ×15.7 cm, and 15.7 cm, respectively, while the fruit of control had 1.7 kg, 16.0 × 14.3 cm, and 13.8 cm, respectively. No significant treatment effect was obtained on peel thickness, flesh color L* and b* values, juice pH and total soluble solids. However, 6 h LED treatment resulted in lower reddening flesh (lower a* values), firmness and higher titratable acidity relative to the control, suggesting the need for improvement in cultural management. Furthermore, multivariate statistics of principal component analysis (PCA) performed on physico-chemical quality revealed the variations among watermelons from lighting and control treatments regardless of lighting hour.
Non-Destructive Model for Estimating Leaf Area and Growth of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius Cultivated Using Different Stem Diameter of the Semi Hardwood Cuttings Fitra Gustiar; Benyamin Lakitan; Dedik Budianta; Zaidan P. Negara
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 45, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v45i2.3849

Abstract

Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst.) is a perennial leafy vegetable. Since the leaf blade is the most crucial component of the Chaya, it should be advantageous to estimate the leaf area non-destructively.  This research aimed to (a) develop a beneficial non-destructive model for leaf area estimation, and (b) ascertain the impact of stem cutting diameter when used as planting material on chaya growth rate. The results demonstrated that utilizing the length x width (LW) of the middle lobe as the predictor and the zero intercepts linear regression LA = 1.679 LW with R2=0.947 determination coefficient was the most dependable model for Chaya plant leaf area estimation. The stem diameter, which ranged from 9.9 to 17.3 mm, had affected the shoot length, number of leaves, and canopy area between 5 and 7 weeks after planting (WAP). The variations in growth metrics diminished along with the age of plants. The diameter of the stem cutting used as planting material had no effect on the fresh weight of young edible shoot tip at 11 WAP. On Chaya plants that were cultivated with larger stem cutting diameters, the fresh leaf weight at the branch tips was heavier.
Performance and Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana Grown in Media Derived from Biodegradable Agricultural Wastes Enriched with Cricket Powder Aminudin Afandhi; Rina Rachmawati; Muhammad Akhid Syib’li; Huurul Ainindya Ulihta Zain
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 45, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v45i2.4113

Abstract

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) can be an eco-friendly alternative to control pests. To produce large-scale EPF requires underused economical substrates containing high carbon and nitrogen; hence the production could be cost-effective. This study investigates the effects of organic agricultural waste, i.e., rice bran, rice husks, tea dregs, and wheat bran enriched with cricket powder as culture media on the mycelial growth, sporulation, and conidia viability of Beauveria bassiana and the fungal pathogenicity towards Spodoptera litura larvae. For each type of medium, five independent cultures of B. bassiana are treated as replications. B. bassiana grown on a  PDA medium is treated as a control. This study shows that rice bran enriched with cricket powder became the most suitable waste medium to support the mass production of virulent B. bassiana. Therefore, rice bran media enriched with cricket powder can be used as an appropriate medium for the mass production of B. bassiana.
New Trends of Sugarcane Cultivation Systems Toward Sugar Production on the Free Market: A Review Andi Amran Sulaiman; Muhammad Arsyad; Achmad Amiruddin; Temesgen Tilahun Teshome; B. Nishanta
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 45, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v45i2.4066

Abstract

Sugar is one of the staple food commodities that has an important role in the Indonesian economy. The high demand for domestic sugar has resulted in the inability of sugar factories to meet the demand for sugar consumption because domestic sugar production is still low. This is due to decreased land area and productivity, low sugar yield rates, and low factory efficiency. This paper describes the improvement of sugarcane cultivation to the process of making sugar to support national consumption. The article uses a systematic review method on the latest sugarcane research and reports the conditions directly on the plantation. The results show that the existing sugarcane supply is still less than the factory's demand, so the factory worked inefficiently. Even though the factory has new machines and technology to produce good quality sugar with a capacity of 4,600 TCD, companies can take a coaching approach to the surrounding community to carry out sugarcane cultivation and provide financial support to the surrounding community. Based on the reality of low production and factory efficiency, the government needs to support the sugarcane cultivation system through farming production systems, improving factory machine capacity and labor for sugarcane estate in the global market era.
Screening of Red Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Landraces for Drought Tolerance at Early Stages Using PEG 6000 Siti Fatimah; Achmad Amzeri; Mohammad Syafii; Yuzy Purwaningsih
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 45, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v45i2.3723

Abstract

Despite being one of the most important staple food consumed by more than half of the world population, the development of red rice still lacks behind the regular white rice. In Madura, most farmers still use their local landraces with red pericarp. Since most of the growing season is dependent on rainfall, those landraces are expected to provide some useful genes related to drought tolerance. This research aimed to select drought-tolerant accessions candidates of red rice derived from pure lines selection at early stages using PEG 6000. A randomized complete block design was used with two factors and three replications, the first factor was red rice genotype and the second factor was two levels of PEG 6000 concentration (0% and 25%). The results showed that there were different responses in all genotypes used in terms of their responses to PEG 6000 screening. Seedling length, seminal root length, shoot length, seminal root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were reduced by the application of PEG 6000 compared to non-PEG 6000 media. Two genotypes had a better response to PEG 6000 treatment compared to check tolerant (Salumpikit), and these are expected to become a valuable resources for further breeding activities.
Effect of Gamma Rays Irradiation to Cipedak Avocado Genetic Diversity Farihul Ihsan; Sumeru Ashari; Andy Soegianto; Sukartini Sukartini; Affandi Affandi
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 45, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v45i2.4065

Abstract

Avocado cv. Cipedak is a superior cultivar that match the preferences of Indonesian consumers. However, it has several weaknesses, such as low edible portion, thin skin, and short fruit shelf life. One effort to improve the character weakness is by mutation breeding using gamma ray irradiation. Induction of mutation by gamma ray irradiation at a dose of 10 Gy was conducted on Cipedak avocado shoots in October 2021 which produced 13 first generation avocado mutants (M1). Observation on leaves morphological characters and DNA analysis were needed to find out the changes level of genetical diversity. The research was conducted in Cukurgondang Research Station and Molecular Laboratory of Indonesian Tropical Fruits Research Institute from January to March 2022. The plant material used involved 13 M1 progenies and cv. Cipedak. The material used were 20 weeks old grafted plants. The observed variables were macro and micromorphological characters as well as DNA-RAPD analysis. The results showed that there were phenotypic and genotypic changes in 13 M1 avocados seedlings. The coefficients of differences on macro and micromorphological characters were up to 33% and 28%, respectively and the coefficient of difference for DNA-RAPD analysis was 74%.
Katokkon Pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) Ploidy Determination by Morphological Characteristic and Flow Cytometry Analysis Rinaldi Sjahril; Muh. Riadi; Ifayanti Ridwan Saleh; Novitasari Novitasari; Ernitha A. Galla; Kasmiati Kasmiati; A. R. Trisnawaty; Nurhaya J. Panga
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 45, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v45i2.3633

Abstract

Katokkon pepper plant is originated from Toraja, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This endemic pepper variety has unique hot and spicy characters with a distinctive bell pepper aroma, and aesthetic shape similar to paprika, but with smaller size. This research was conducted to identify ploidy level and plant morphology of colchicine induced Katokkon pepper at Laboratory of Plant Reproduction Bioscience and Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin and experimental field of Agricultural Extension System Vocational High School Santo Paulus Tana Toraja (S 03°04’177” E 119°51’526”). Two weeks old seedlings were immersed for 4.5 hours in colchicine concentration (0.00%, 0.0125%, 0.025%, 0.05% and 0.10%). Flow cytometry analysis was carried out using Partec Cy-Flow SpaceTM. Result showed that colchicine concentration (0.025%, 0.05% and 0.1%) produced mixoploid plants with two set of chromosomes (2n=24, 4n=48). This study also found morphological differences between mixoploids plants induced by 0.025%, 0.05% and 0.1% colchicine and diploid plants (0% and 0.0125% colchicine) during first two juvenile leaves phase. However, this difference did not occur further, and eventually morphology of adult mixoploid plant was not significantly different from control (diploid), which concurred to grading mixoploid grade 2. The mixoploid plants analyzed consist of higher diploids cells than tetraploid.
Consistency of Mycorrhizal Effectiveness on Maize Growth and P Uptake in Two Generations of Pot Culture Using Andisol-Based Media Vita Ratri Cahyani; Suryanti Suryanti; Slamet Minardi; Widyatmani Sih Dewi
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 45, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v45i2.3865

Abstract

The functional roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) in soils with P limitations are well documented. However, the protocol to produce effective AM inocula was still limited. This research aims at obtaining the effective AM culture in handling P constraints for maize growth on Andisols. The first experiment of pot culture I was to propagate and examine the effectiveness of AM isolates by using a factorial completely randomized design with two factors, A=media (A0: zeolite; A1: representative media=Andisol Tengaran; A2: typical media=a mixture of Andisol Tengaran+Tawangmangu; A3: typical media+Bio-RP nutrition; A4: Inceptisol) and I = AM inoculum source (I0: no inoculum; I1: AM from Andisol Tengaran; I2: AM from Andisol Tengaran + Tawangmangu; I3: AM from 8 soil types), with six replications. The second experiment investigated the consistency of mycorrhizal effectiveness by reculturing AM cultures generation I to pot cultures generation II with the same composition of the respective media. The combination treatments of A1I3, A2I2, A0I3, and A4I3 (AM cultures generation I), continued by A1I32, A2I22, A0I32, and A4I32 (AM cultures generation II) showed consistently the highest AM infectivity and effectiveness on maize growth and P uptake on Andisol-based media, and on the comparison media of zeolite and Inceptisol media, respectively.
Optimization of Aquaponic Lettuce Evapotranspiration Based on Artificial Photosynthetic Light Properties Using Hybrid Genetic Programming and Moth Flame Optimizer Mary Grace Ann Bautista; Ronnie Concepcion II; Argel Bandala; Christan Hail Mendigoria; Elmer Dadios
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 45, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v45i2.3786

Abstract

Land and water resources, climate change, and disaster risks significantly affect the agricultural sector. An effective solution for growing crops to improve productivity and optimize the use of resources is through controlled-environment agriculture (CEA). Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important greenhouse crop attribute that can be optimized for optimum plant growth. Light intensity and radiation are significant for controlling ET. To address this challenge, this study successfully determined the properties of optimum artificial light for minimum evapotranspiration rate of head development-stage and harvest-stage lettuce under light-period and dark-period using genetic programming and bio-inspired algorithms namely, grey wolf optimization (GWO), whale optimization algorithm (WOA), dragonfly algorithm (DA), and moth flame optimization (MFO). MFO provided the optimized global solution for the configured models. Results showed that head development-stage lettuce requires higher light intensity with lower visible to infrared radiation ratio (Vis/IR) than harvest-stage lettuce when exposed to light. On the other hand, harvest-stage lettuce requires higher light intensity with lower Vis/IR than head development-stage under dark-period respiration reaction. Findings of this study can be utilized in growing and improving yield crops in controlled-environment agriculture.
Effect of Co-Fertilizer Application and Dolomite Amendments on Yield and Grain Quality of Rice Grown on Post-Active Acid Sulfate Soil Saychol Sukyankij; Sopida Sukyankij; Thanawan Panich-pat
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 45, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v45i2.4079

Abstract

Improving the grain yield of rice and increasing the availability of nutrients in cultivated soils are important goals of sustainable agriculture. This study was aimed to determine the effects of different fertilizer applications and dolomite amendments on rice yield, quality, and soil fertility after plantation in post-active acid sulfate soil in the Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province, Thailand. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six treatments and three replications was employed, i.e. T1 (no fertilizer); T2 (fertilizer at the rate of the farmers’ practice, CFFMP); T3 (fertilizer at the rate of site-specific nutrient management, SSNM); T4 (SSNM+organic fertilizer, OF); T5 (SSNM+dolomite, DM); and T6 (SSNM+OF0.5+DM0.5). Our results indicated that the treatment of SSNM+DM provided the highest grain yield (6,171 kg/ha). For the quality of rice grain, the highest protein level was found in the treatment of CFFMP (80.2 g/kg). Application of fertilizer according to the SSNM+OF treatment resulted in higher soil organic matter, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium in the soil after rice cultivation than in other treatments. The results suggested that the application of SSNM+DM and SSNM +OF0.5+DM0.5 was the best options for improving rice yield in this area.

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