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INDONESIA
Jurnal Farmasi Klinik Indonesia
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 23375701     EISSN : 2337 5701     DOI : -
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Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (IJCP) is a scientific publication on all aspect of clinical pharmacy. It published 4 times a year by Clinical Pharmacy Master Program Universitas Padjadjaran to provide a forum for clinicians, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals to share best practice, encouraging networking and a more collaborative approach in patient care. Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy is intended to feature quality research articles in clinical pharmacy to become scientific guide in fields related to clinical pharmacy. It is a peer-reviewed journal and publishes original research articles, review articles, case reports, commentaries, and brief research communications on all aspects of Clinical Pharmacy. It is also a media for publicizing meetings and news relating to advances in Clinical Pharmacy in the regions.
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Articles 540 Documents
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Pengaruh Pelayanan Informasi Obat terhadap Keberhasilan Terapi Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Widya N. Insani; Keri Lestari; Rizky Abdulah; Salma K. Ghassani
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 2, No 4 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

pemahaman mengenai instruksi pengobatan merupakan permasalahan utama dalam pengobatan DMT2. Ketidakpatuhan pasien terhadap regimen obat hipoglikemik oral yang kompleks serta ketidaktepatan dalam cara dan waktu pengonsumsiannya merupakan barrier tercapainya keberhasilan terapi DMT2. Hal ini sangat berkaitan dengan kualitas pelayanan kefarmasian yang diberikan kepada pasien, khususnya pelayanan informasi obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh intervensi pelayanan informasi obat terhadap parameter keberhasilan terapi diabetes yaitu glukosa 2 jam postprandial, HDL dan trigliserida. Penelitian ini merupakan nonrandomized concurrent control trial secara prospektif. 14 subjek uji direkrut selama 4 bulan selama Mei–Agustus 2013 kemudian dibagi menjadi dua grup. Kedua grup mendapat terapi pengobatan diabetes berupa hipoglikemik oral. Grup intervensi mendapatkan pelayanan informasi obat dan edukasi mengenai diabetes, sedangkan grup kontrol tidak mendapatkannya. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t independen dengan α 0,05. Walau belum berbeda signifikan, nilai keberhasilan terapi dengan intervensi pelayanan informasi obat pada parameter glukosa 2 jam postprandial, HDL dan trigliserida memberikan hasil yang lebih tinggi 17,01%; 6,73%; dan 6,31% untuk masing-masing parameter dibandingkan terapi tanpa pelayanan kefarmasian tersebut.Kata kunci: Pelayanan informasi obat, diabetes, obat hipoglikemik oral Effect of Pharmaceutical Information Care on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes MellitusPoor adherence to medication and lack of understanding about medication instructions are the main problems in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Poor adherence to oral hypoglicemic drugs which have complex regiment and unappropriate consumption of them are the obstacles to reach good clinical outcomes. These problems are highly related to the quality of pharmaceutical care given to patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pharmaceutical information care towards the outcome of type 2 diabetes mellitus including 2 hours postprandial glucose, HDL and tryglicerides. This study used nonrandomized concurrent control trial prospectively. 14 subjects were recruited during 4 months from May–August 2013 and were divided into two groups. Both of group were given oral hypoglycemic drugs. The intervention group received pharmaceutical information care and diabetes education, whilecontrol group did not receive these. Data were then analysed with independent t test using α 0,005. Although the difference were not significant yet, pharmaceutical information care intervention on diabetes treatment gave higher improvement by 17,01%; 6,73%; and 6,31% respectively in 2 hours postprandial glucose, HDL and tryglicerides parameters, compared with the treatment without pharmaceutical care.Key words: Pharmaceutical information care, diabetes, oral hypoglicemic drugs
e-Prescription: An e-Health System for Preventing Adverse Drug Events in Community Healthcare Irma M. Puspitasari; Soegijardjo Soegijoko
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

The paper describes development activities of an e-health system for community health center (Puskesmas) with integrated adverse drug events e-prescription module, consist of system design and development, human resource development, e-health system realization, laboratory and implementation test of e-health system. Some e-readiness evaluations were conducted, through a number of field visits and questionnaires. The results had been used in the e-health system design and development, installation of the internet access infrastructure, and implementation of the education and hands-on training for the medical and administrative staff of the healthcare units. After completing the e-health system design and development as well as system realization and laboratory tests stages, a series of field implementation and experiments have been successfully conducted at Puskesmas Babakansari in Bandung. A number of users feed back have been obtained and used for further improvements on both of the software and hardware modules. The e-health system with integrated e-prescription module has successfully developed and shown its expected functions in: patient registration, medical record, paperless prescription, producing the required reports and preventing possible adverse drug events.Key words: Adverse drug events, community health center, e-health, e-prescription  e-Prescription: Sistem e-Health untuk Pencegahan Adverese Drug Event di PuskesmasAbstrakArtikel ini mendeskripsikan pengembangan sistem e-health untuk puskesmas dengan modul e-prescription yang terintegrasi adverse drug event. Modul ini terdiri dari desain sistem dan pengembangan, pengembangan sumber daya manusia, realisasi sistem e-health, laboratorium dan tes implementasi sistem e-health. Beberapa evaluasi kesiapan penggunaan elektronik (e-readiness) dilakukan melalui kunjungan lapangan dan kuesioner. Hasil evaluasi digunakan dalam desain dan pengembangan sistem e-health, instalasi akses internet, implementasi pendidikan dan pelatihan bagi staf medis dan administrasi. Setelah sistem e-health selesai dan dikembangkan sesuai dengan realisasi dan tahapan tes laboratorium, sejumlah implementasi dan eksperimen telah sukses dilakukan di Puskesmas Babakansari di Bandung. Respon yang diperoleh digunakan untuk pengembangan modul lebih lanjut dari segi software dan hardware. Sistem e-health yang terintegrasi dengan modul telah sukses dikembangkan sesuai dengan fungsi yang diharapkan: registrasi pasien, medical record, resep tanpa kertas, pelaporan dan pencegahan kemungkinan adverse drug events.Kata kunci: Adverse drug events, pusat kesehatan masyarakat, e-health, e-prescription
Effect of Attapulgite on the Oral Bioavailability of Ciprofloxacin Zamrotul Izzah; Veronica Gratia; Toetik Aryani; Suharjono Suharjono
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 2, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

As a result, this drug-drug interaction may reduce ciprofloxacin bioavailability. This study was aimed to determine the effect of attapulgite on the bioavailability of a single orally-administered ciprofloxacin. Six New Zealand white rabbits received each of the following treatments in a randomized, three-way crossover sequence, separated by a 7-day washout period: (i) ciprofloxacin (23 mg/kgBW) alone; (ii) ciprofloxacin (23 mg/kgBW) given simultaneously with attapulgite (28 mg/kgBW); (iii) ciprofloxacin(23 mg/kgBW) given 2 hours after attapulgite (28 mg/kgBW). Blood samples (1 mL) were collected from the marginal ear vein up to 240 minutes postdose. The plasma concentrations of ciprofloxacin were determined by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method. The maximum concentration and oral bioavailability (AUC0-240 min) of ciprofloxacin were significantly decreased by 49% and 32% when administered concomitantly with attapulgite (p<0.001). Attapulgite appeared to have no significant effect on the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin when administered 2 hours before ciprofloxacin. In conclusion, the oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin is markedly reduced when administered concomitantly with attapulgite. This drug-drug interaction may decrease clinical efficacy and promote microbial resistance to ciprofloxacin. However, the interaction could be minimized by separating the adminsitration of these drugs at least 2 hours.Key words: Attapulgite, bioavailability, ciprofloxacin, drug-drug interactionPengaruh Atapulgit pada Ketersediaan Hayati Siprofloksasin OralKemampuan absorpsi atapulgit dapat menghambat absorpsi siprofloksasin pada pemberian per oral. Sebagai hasilnya, interaksi obat-obat ini dapat menurunkan ketersediaan hayati siprofloksasin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mendeterminasi efek atapulgit pada ketersediaan hayati obat siprofloksasin yang diberikan secara oral. Sebanyak 7 kelinci putih Selandia Baru menerima perlakuan secara random dengan desain three-way crossover sequence, yang dipisahkan dengan periode washout 7 hari. (i) siprofloksasin (23 mg/kgBB); (ii) siprofloksasin (23 mg/kgBB) diberikan secara simultan dengan atapulgit (28 mg/kgBB); (iii) siprofloksasin (23 mg/kgBB) diberikan 2 jam setelah pemberian atapulgit (28 mg/kgBB. Sampel darah (1 mL) dikumpulkan pada marginal ear vein setelah 240 menit pemberian obat. Konsentrasi siprofloksasin plasma dihitung dengan metode kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi tervalidasi. Konsentrasi maksimum dan ketersediaan hayati oral (AUC0-240 min) siprofloksasin secara signifikan berkurang 49% dan 32% ketika dikombinasikan bersamaan dengan atapulgit (p< 0,001). Atapulgit tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan pada ketersediaan hayati ketika diberikan 2 jam sebelum siprofloksasin. Ketersediaan hayati siprofloksasin berkurang secara signifikan ketika diberikan bersamaan dengan pemberian atapulgit. Interaksi obat dengan obat ini dapat mengurangi efikasi obat dan meningkatkan resistensi mikrob terhadap siprofloksasin. Namun, interaksi dapat dikurangi dengan pemberian obat pada jarak waktu minimal 2 jam.Kata kunci: Atapulgit, interaksi obat dengan obat, ketersediaan hayati, siprofloksasin
Pengembangan dan Validasi Kuesioner untuk Mengukur Penggunaan Internet dan Media Sosial dalam Pelayanan Kefarmasian Catharina A. W. Heryanto; Claudia S. F. Korangbuku; Maria I. A. Djeen; Aris Widayati
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 8, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (75.573 KB) | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2019.8.3.175

Abstract

Saat ini dikenal pelayanan kesehatan berbasis teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) yang disebut dengan e-health dan pada pelayanan kefarmasian disebut e-pharmacy yang berkembang pesat. Namun demikian, penelitian mengenai persepsi apoteker tentang penggunaan internet untuk pelayanan kefarmasian di Indonesia masih sangat terbatas. Penggunaan kuesioner sebagai instrumen penelitian yang telah teruji validitas dan reliabilitasnya mutlak diperlukan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menguji validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner tentang persepsi penggunaan internet dan media sosial untuk pelayanan kefarmasian. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional deskriptif. Kuesioner yang diuji dinamakan Penggunaan Internet dan Media Sosial untuk Pelayanan Kefarmasian (PIMSAN). Uji validitas isi dilakukan dengan metode professional judgement dengan pendekatan kualitatif yaitu dengan professional agreement dan kuantitatif yaitu nilai items content validity index (I-CVI). Uji pemahaman bahasa dilakukan secara expert judgement dan uji coba kepada user yaitu tiga apoteker. Uji reliabilitas dilakukan dengan masing-masing 35 responden apoteker di apotek jejaring dan apotek nonjejaring dengan pendekatan nilai Chronbach Alpha. Hasil uji validitas isi putaran pertama menunjukkan belum ada kesepakatan antarpenguji (professional agreement) dengan nilai I-CVI sebesar 0,74. Professional agreement diperoleh pada putaran kedua dengan nilai I-CVI 0,98, sehingga kuesioner PIMSAN dinyatakan valid dengan 45 butir pertanyaan. Uji pemahaman bahasa oleh expert dinyatakan lolos uji dalam satu putaran saja. Uji pemahaman bahasa kepada user (apoteker) dinyatakan lolos uji setelah dua putaran. Pada uji reliabilitas, nilai Chronbach Alpha pada masing-masing apotek jejaring dan nonjejaring adalah 0,852. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba, kuesioner PIMSAN dinyatakan valid dan reliabel. Kuesioner PIMSAN dapat digunakan sebagai instrumen untuk mengukur persepsi apoteker tentang penggunaan internet dan media sosial untuk pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek.Kata kunci: Internet, media sosial, pelayanan kefarmasian, uji kuesioner The Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Study the Use of Internet and Social Media in Drug Information ServiceAbstractThe use of information and communication technology (ICT) in health sector which is called e-health, and e-pharmacy in pharmacy area, has become popular. However, research regarding the use of ICT in pharmaceutical care service especially from the pharmacists’ views in the Indonesia context is still limited. Such research can be conducted using a validated questionnaire. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and test a questionnaire to measure pharmacists’ perspective regarding the use of internet and social media for pharmaceutical care service. This is a descriptive study. The questionnaire is called PIMSAN, which stands for “Penggunaan Internet dan Media Sosial untuk Pelayanan Kefarmasian”. The validity test was conducted through a professional judgement method applied a qualitative approach using a professional agreement and a quantitative approach using items content validity index (I-CVI). The clarity of language in the items of the questionnaire was tested by expert judgement and to users, i.e. three pharmacists. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by 35 pharmacists in individual pharmacies and 35 pharmacists in chain pharmacies. The Cronbach Alpha value was applied to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Results of the first round of content validity test showed that a professional agreement had not yet been obtained and the I-CVI was 0.74. At the second round, a professional agreement had been achieved with I-CVI of 0.98, therefore the questionnaire was stated as valid with 45 questions. The clarity language testing with the expert was completed within one round only. The language tests with users (pharmacist) were completed within two rounds. The value of the Cronbach Alpha was 0.852 for both testing in individual and chain pharmacies. Based on the results, it can be stated that the PIMSAN questionnaire is valid and reliable. Therefore, the PIMSAN can be used as an instrument for a study examining pharmacists’ perspective regarding the use of internet and social media for pharmaceutical care service in community pharmacies in Indonesia context.Keywords: Internet, pharmaceutical care service, social media, questionnaire
Profil Penggunaan Antituberkulosis di Apotek di Kota Bandung Periode 2008–2010 Sofa D. Alfian; Eva S. Tarigan; Irma M. Puspitasari; Rizky Abdulah
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 1, No 4 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Penyakit infeksi masih merupakan penyakit utama yang paling banyak terjadi di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Salah satu tempat pelayanan kesehatan yang banyak mendistribusikan antibiotik adalah apotek. Oleh karena itu, studi penggunaan antibiotik di apotek sebagai salah satu komunitas farmasi sangat diperlukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil penggunaan antibiotik antituberkulosis di Apotek di Kota Bandung tahun 2008−2010. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/ Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) dan Drug Utilization 90% (DU90%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total penggunaan antibiotik untuk terapi tuberkulosis mengalami penurunan. Nilai DDD/1000 KPRJ tahun 2008, 2009, dan 2010 berturut-turut sebesar 1559,026; 1484,936; dan 1048,111. Selama periode 2008−2010, tingkat penurunan pada tahun 2009 tidak terlalu signifikan, yaitu sebesar 17.783 DDD/1000 Kunjungan Pasien Rawat Jalan (KPRJ), tetapi pada tahun 2010 penurunannya sangat signifikan sebesar 169.416 DDD/1000 KPRJ. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa total penggunaan antibiotik antituberkulosis di Apotek di Kota Bandung periode 2008−2010 cenderung mengalami penurunan.Kata kunci: Antibiotik, farmasi, ATC/DDD (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose), Drug Utilization 90% (DU90%), infeksiProfile of Antituberculosis Use in Community Pharmacistof Bandung City 2008–2010AbstractInfectious disease is still a major disease in developing countries such as in Indonesia. As one of the healthcare providers which has privilege to distribute antibiotics, it is very important to control the use of antibiotics in pharmacy. The aim of this study is to conduct a profile of anti-tuberculosis use, in all pharmacies in Bandung during the period from 2008–2010. This study was performed using an observational method and retrospective approach. In this study we applied the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) and Drug Utilization 90 % (DU90%) method. The result showed that the use of anti-tuberculosis tends to decrease. During the period from 2008 to 2010, the use of antituberculosis decreased by 17,783 and 169,416 DDD/1000 inhabitants in 2009 and 2010, respectively. It can be concluded that the totaluse of anti-tuberculosis in all pharmacies in Bandung during the period from 2008 to 2010 tends to decrease.Key words: Antibiotic, pharmacy, ATC/DDD (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined DailyDose), Drug Utilization 90% (DU90%), infection
Pengaruh Penyimpanan terhadap Sterilitas Peralatan Pakai Ulang di Ruang Neurosurgical Critical Care Unit di Salah Satu Rumah Sakit di Bandung Arif Budiman; Yokaniza Rindiantika; Insan S. Kurniawan; Hegandari Hegandari
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 3, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (220.532 KB) | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2014.3.2.61

Abstract

Neurosurgical Critical Care Unit (NCCU) merupakan ruang perawatan intensif yang memiliki nilaiprevalensi Infeksi Rumah Sakit (IRS) yang tinggi sebesar 16,7%. Hal tersebut dikarenakan NCCUdigunakan untuk merawat pasien sakit berat dan kritis pascabedah saraf. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui sterilitas peralatan pakai ulang pada ruang NCCU dibandingkan dengan ruang penyimpananCentral Sterile Supply Department (CSSD). Pengujian sterilitas meliputi uji sterilitas media, uji fertilitasmedia serta uji peralatan pakai ulang menggunakan metode transport swab. Pengujian dilakukan selama28 hari, kemudian diinterpretasikan menggunakan perhitungan odds ratio. Hasil menunjukkan bahwaRuang NCCU pada hari ke-7 ditemukan peralatan yang terkontaminasi sedangkan pada ruang CSSDbaru ditemukan pada hari ke-28. Hal ini menandakan bahwa ruangan CSSD lebih steril dibandingkanruang penyimpanan NCCU. Walaupun tingkat sterilitas ruang CSSD lebih tinggi dibandingkan denganruang NCCU, tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap sterilitas peralatan pakai ulang.Kata kunci: CSSD, IRS, NCCU, peralatan pakai ulang, sterilitasEffect of Storage to Reusable Equipment Sterility in Neurosurgical CriticalCare Unit at a Hospital in BandungAbstractNeurosurgical Critical Care Unit (NCCU) is an intensive care room which has a high prevalenceof Hospital Infection about 16.7%. That is because NCCU is used to treat patient post neurosurgry.This research aims to determine the sterility of reusable equipment from NCCU, compared to CentralSterile Supply Department (CSSD). The sterility test included sterility test of medium, fertility test andtrasnport swab method for reuseable equipment test. Tests carried out for 28 days, then interpreted usingodds ratio calculation. The result showed that NCCU on day 7 was contaminated, while CSSD wascontaminated on day 28. This indicated that CSSD more sterile than NCCU. Although the sterility ofCSSD higher than NCCU, did’nt have a significant effect on the sterility of reusable equipment.Key words: CSSD, hospital infection, NCCU, reusable equipment, sterility
Pengaruh Pharmaceutical Care pada Faktor Risiko Kardiovaskular Pasien di Apotek Ike D. Rochmawati; Doddy de Queljoe; Novita Dewi; Umi Fatmah
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 3, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (620.891 KB) | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2014.3.1.24

Abstract

Faktor risiko kardiovaskular memegang peranan penting dalam perjalanan penyakit jantung koroner. Faktor risiko yang dapat ditangani dengan baik dapat menurunkan risiko seseorang mengalami penyakit jantung koroner. Apoteker memegang peranan penting di apotek dalam memberikan pharmaceutical care khususnya pada pasien dengan faktor risiko kardiovaskular. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh pharmaceutical care pada pasien dengan faktor risiko kardiovaskular di komunitas, khususnya di apotek. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain before after study. Pharmaceutical care dilakukan selama 3 bulan pada tahun 2013 dan meliputi: review pengobatan, pemberian edukasi, dan monitoring pengobatan. Perhitungan faktor risiko menggunakan Framingham score. Faktor risiko kardiovaskular pasien diukur sebelum dan sesudah pemberian pharmaceutical care dan diuji secara statistik menggunakan t-test. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada parameternilai kolesterol, HDL-C, tekanan darah sistol, dan Framingham score pada nilai sebelum dan sesudah mendapatkan pharmaceutical care. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pharmaceutical care memberikan pengaruh pada pasien dengan faktor risiko kardiovaskular. Pharmaceutical care memberikan nilai tambah dalam hal pengobatan pasien. Pasien tidak hanya mendapatkan terapi obat tetapi juga mendapatkan edukasi serta perhatian khusus dari apoteker terkait pengobatan yang diterimanya.Kata kunci: Apotek, apoteker, faktor risiko kardiovaskular, pharmaceutical care Effect of Pharmaceutical Care in Patients with Cardiovascular Risk in CommunityCardiovascular risk plays a central role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Pharmacist have strategic position in community with pharmaceutical care, especially in patients with cardiovascular risk. Objective of this study is to analyse the effect of pharmaceutical care in patients with cardiovascular risk in community. Experimental design with before after study was used. Pharmaceutical care were held in 3 months in 2013, include drug therapy review, patient education, and monitoring outcome of drug therapy. Cardiovascular risk before and after study was analysed using t-test. A significance difference was seen in cholesterol total, HDL-C, systolic blood pressure, and Framingham score in before and after study. Pharmaceutical care give an impact on patients with cardiovascular risk. Pharmaceutical care give an additional benefit in patient’s drug therapy. Patients not only get drug therapy but also education andmonitoring for their clinical condition.Key words: Cardiovascular risk factor, pharmaceutical care, pharmacist, pharmacy
Ocular Insert: Dosage Form for Sustain Opthalmic Drug Delivery Sunil Kumar Thakral; Badri P. Nagori; Roshan Issarani; Munish Ahuja
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Except for skin, the eye is the most easily accessible site for topical administration of a medication. Traditional topical ophthalmic formulations (eye drops and ointments) have poor bioavailability because of rapid pre-corneal elimination, conjunctival absorption, solution drainage by gravity, induced lacrimation and normal tear turnover. This leads to frequent  installations of concentrated medication to achieve a therapeutic effect. The typical “pulse-entry” type drug release observed with ocular aqueous solutions (eye drops), suspensions and ointments can be replaced by more controlled, sustained, and continuous drug delivery, using a controlled-release ocular drug delivery system. Ocular inserts are solid or semisolid sterile preparations, of appropriate size and shape, designed to be inserted behind the eyelid or held on the eye and to deliver drugs for topical or systemic  effect. These are polymeric systems into which the drug is incorporated as a solution or dispersion. They are better tolerated as to drainage and tear flow compared with other ophthalmic formulation and produce reliable drug release in the conjunctival cul-de-sac.Key words: Eye, ocular inserts, films simulated tear fluid, cul-de-sac Penyisipan Okular: Sediaan untuk Penghantaran Obat Mata DiperlambatAbstrakMata adalah organ yang paling mudah dijangkau untuk pengobatan topikal selain kulit. Formulasi sediaan topikal tradisional untuk mata (tetes mata dan salep) memiliki ketersediaan hayati yang rendah karena cepat dieliminasi sebelum mencapai kornea, absorpsi konjungtiva, kekeringan cairan mata karena gravitasi, lakrimasi terinduksi, dan pergantian normal air mata. Hal ini mengarahkan pada penggunaan obat yang pekat secara berulang untuk menghasilkan efek terapi. Tipe obat pulse-entry seperti tetes mata, suspensi, dan salep dapat digantikan dengan penghantaran obat yang lebih terkontrol, diperlambat, dan berkelanjutan menggunakan sistem penghantaran obat okular yang pengeluarannya dikontrol. Sediaan penyisipan okular merupakan sediaan steril berbentuk solid dan semisolid, dengan ukuran dan bentuk yang sesuai, serta didesain untuk dapat disisipkan di belakang kelopak mata atau diletakkan di atas mata untuk menghantarkan efek obat secara topikal atau sistemik. Sediaan ini  merupakan sistem polimer yang tidak larut atau terdispersi. Sediaan ini lebih baik dalam hal pengeringan dan aliran air mata dibandingkan formulasi sediaan mata yang lain dan menghasilkan pengeluaran obat yang reliabel pada konjungtiva kuldesak.Kata kunci: Mata, penyisipan okular, simulasi cairan air mata film, kuldesak
Selenium sebagai Suplemen Terapi Kanker: Sebuah Review Eli Mirdayani; Irma M. Puspitasari; Rizky Abdulah; Anas Surbanas
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 8, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2019.8.4.301

Abstract

Selenium merupakan unsur mikronutrien yang penting bagi kesehatan manusia. Di dalam tubuh, selenium tersebar di semua organ dalam bentuk senyawa terkonjugasi protein (selenoprotein). Senyawa selenoprotein setidaknya mengandung selenosistein yang terdiri dari asam amino sistein. Senyawa selenoprotein pada umumnya bersifat antioksidan. Selenium dihubungkan dengan pengaruhnya terhadap kesehatan manusia termasuk beberapa jenis penyakit kanker. Studi penggunaan suplementasi selenium pada terapi kanker dengan radiasi dan kemoterapi menunjukan  peningkatan kadar selenium pada plasma, meningkatkan efektivitas terapi, menurunkan efek samping dari terapi, dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien kanker. Artikel review ini bertujuan untuk menggali dan mengevaluasi pemanfaatan selenium sebagai suplemen terapi pada pasien kanker yang menjalani radioterapi dan kemoterapi. Penelusuran referensi dilakukan melalui database PubMed, Science Direct dan Google Scholar dengan menggunakan kata kunci “Selenium”, “Selenoprotein”, “Selenium and cancer therapy”, “Selenium and Chemotherapy” dan “Selenium and Radiotherapy”. Hasil penelusuran menunjukkan bahwa selenium merupakan unsur mikronutrien yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai komponen suplemen dalam pencegahan penyakit kanker dengan dosis umum 100–400 mikrogram per hari.Kata kunci: Selenium, selenoprotein, terapi kanker Selenium As a Cancer Therapy Supplement: A ReviewAbstractSelenium is an essential element of micronutrients for human health. In the body, selenium is spread in all organs in the form of a conjugated protein compound (selenoprotein). The compound contains at least a selenocysteine consisting of cysteine. Selenoprotein compounds are generally antioxidants. Selenium is linked to its effects on human health including some types of cancer. Studies on the use of selenium supplementation in cancer therapy with radiation and chemotherapy showed elevated plasma selenium levels, increased therapeutic efficacy, reduced side effects, and improved quality of life for cancer patients. This review aimed to investigate and evaluate the utilization of selenium as a supplement in cancer treatment for patients who undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Database searching was performed through PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar using the keywords “Selenium”, “Selenoprotein”, “Selenium and cancer therapy”, “Selenium and Chemotherapy” and “Selenium and Radiotherapy”. The results showed that selenium is a micronutrient that can be developed as a supplement component in the prevention of cancer with a therapeutic dose of 100–400 micrograms per day.Keywords: Cancer therapy, selenium, selenoprotein
Analisis Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Rawat Inap Bedah dengan Menggunakan Defined Daily Dose dan Drug Utilization 90% di Rumah Sakit Universitas Airlangga Novan Y. I. Pratama; Budi Suprapti; Azril O. Ardhiansyah; Dewi W. Shinta
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 8, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15416/ijcp.2019.8.4.256

Abstract

Tingkat kematian akibat resistensi terhitung cukup tinggi dan hal ini disebabkan tingginya angka ketidaktepatan dalam terapi antibiotik. Penelitian Antimicrobial Resistance in Indonesia (AMRIN) menunjukkan 42% penggunaan antibiotik terindikasi tidak tepat pada pasien bedah. Penggunaan antibiotik secara bijak merupakan solusi atas masalah resistensi antibiotik. World Health Organization (WHO)dan Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia merekomendasikan penggunaan metode Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) untuk menilai kuantitas penggunaan antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai DDD dan Drug Utilization (DU) 90% dari antibiotik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif yang dilakukan pada November 2016–April 2017 di Rumah Sakit Universitas Airlangga dan data dianalisis menggunakan metode DDD dan DU 90%. Sampel diambil dengan cara total sampling. Sebanyak 463 pasien menjadi sampel pada penelitian ini, dengan 381 pasien mendapatkan antibiotik profilaksis dan 82 pasien mendapatkan antibiotik terapi. Sefazolin merupakan antibiotik profilaksis yang memiliki DDD tertinggi yaitu 69,08/100 operasi dengan lama pemberian sebagian besar dihentikan dalam waktu kurang dari 24 jam post-operasi (82,41%). Antibiotik profilaksis yang masuk segmen DU 90% adalah sefazolin dan seftriakson. Antibiotik terapi yang memiliki DDD tertinggi adalah seftriakson dengan 52,62/100 patient-days dan antibiotik yang masuk segmen DU 90% adalah seftriakson, metronidazol, sefazolin dan meropenem.Kata kunci: Antibiotik, defined daily dose, DU 90%, pasien bedah Analysis of Antibiotic Use in Surgical Inpatients Using Defined Daily Dose and DU 90% at Universitas Airlangga HospitalAbstractAntibiotic resistance is causing high mortality rates throughout the world and resulted from inappropriate use of antibiotics therapy. Antimicrobial Resistance in Indonesia (AMRIN) study showed that there were 42% of inappropriate antibiotic use in surgical patients. Prudent antibiotics use is one of the solution to resolve this problem. Ministry of Health of Indonesia and World Health Organization (WHO) recommend Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) as quantitative evaluation of antibiotics to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotics use. This study aimed to determine the value of DDD and Drug Utilization (DU) 90% of antibiotics used in surgical patients. This research was conducted using cross-sectional design with retrospective data collection during November 2016–April 2017 at Universitas Airlangga Hospital, and data were analyzed using the DDD method and DU 90%. Sample were collected using total sampling method. A total of 463 patients included as samples in this study, of which 381 patients received prophylactic antibiotic and 82 patients received therapeutic antibiotics. Cefazolin was prophylactic antibiotic with highest DDD of 69.08/100 operations and duration of administration was mostly stopped in less than 24 hours post-operatively (82.41%). Prophylactic antibiotics included in DU 90% segment were cefazoline and ceftriaxone. Therapeutic antibiotic with highest DDD was ceftriaxone with 52.62/100 patient-days. Therapeutic antibiotics included in DU 90% segment were ceftriaxone, metronidazole, cefazolin and meropenem.Keywords: Antibiotic, defined daily dose, DU90%, surgical inpatients

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