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Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease

IJTID
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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20851103 EISSN : 23560991 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health, Science,

Earth & Planetary Sciences Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

This journal is a peer-reviewed journal established to promote the recognition of emerging and reemerging diseases specifically in Indonesia, South East Asia, other tropical countries and around the world, and to improve the understanding of factors involved in disease emergence, prevention, and elimination. The journal is intended for scientists, clinicians, and professionals in infectious diseases and related sciences. We welcome contributions from infectious disease specialists in academia, industry, clinical practice, public health, and pharmacy, as well as from specialists in economics, social sciences and other disciplines.

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Search results for , issue "Vol. 1 No. 3 (2010)" : 11 Documents clear

THE MI GRAI NE- VERTI GO- PERI ODONTAL DI SEASE CONNECTION: EVIDENCE-BASED CASE AND VERIFICATION IN AN ANIMAL STUDY Utomo, Haryono
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 3 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Recently, two CNS disorders, migraine and anxiety have been recognized as being commonly associated with dizziness (Vertigo).These associations may be an expression of an etiological relationship, for example, dizziness caused by migraine, or dizziness causedby anxiety and termed as MARD. Chronic dizziness may become more disabling during the added stress of a migraine headache orpanic attack. In addition, dizziness occurred comorbidly with both migraine headache and anxiety disorders. Even though the etiologyof migraine had been suggested from trigeminal nerve sensitivity and neurogenic inflammation, its linking to periodontal disease thatinnervated by the same nerve was still uncertain. However, an animal study revealed that Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharidestimulation was able to increase neurogenic inflammation. A male patient suffered with symptoms mimicking MARD for years andconcomitantly had chronic periodontitis. Scaling and root planning combined with the assisted drainage therapy resulted in instantdisappearing of most of the symptoms. This case report is to propose the mechanism of periodontal disease involvement in theetiopathogenesis of migraine and vertigo which could be treated with periodontal treatment. Regarding to remarkable result, it wasconcluded that periodontal disease could be a source of neurogenic and immunogenic inflammation which if not treated periodicallycould perpetuate symptoms mimicking MARD.

CHARACTERIzATION of CD4 + T LYMPHOCYTE FROM BONE MAROW STEM CELL USING INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESENCE FOR HIV & AIDS TREATMENT Purwati, Purwati; Nasronudin, Nasronudin; Rantam, Fedik Abdul
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 3 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). At the beginning of infection, gp120 virus interacts with CD4 receptor at the surface of the target cell. The interaction between gp120 and CD4 leads to the occurrence of the binding of specific chemokine receptor CXCR4 and CCR5, which are also present on the membrane of the target cell. Therefore, CCR5 and CXCR4 also determine the fate of the target cell. It is the performance of CCR5 and CXCR4, guided by controlling gene that determines susceptibility or resistance to HIV infection. Coding gene CCR5 may mutate to become protective or resistant against HIV infection. In homozygote individuals, it tends to be resistant against infection, while in heterozygote individuals it tends to be susceptible to HIV infection. Objective: To characterize TCD4 lymphocyte in the next that is resistant against HIV infection by using gene therapy deletion 32 CCR5 to use for HIV & AIDS treatment. Method: Sample collection, mononucleated cell collection, lymphocyte culture, CD4 identification, CCR5 variance analysis, co-cultivation with PBMC HIV and comparison to control. Result: This study was performed in several steps, such as mononucleated cell isolation, followed with cell culture, lymphocyte purification, lymphocyte and CD4 expression identification. Conclusion: Lymphocyte T CD4 had been mature after seven passages, once passage is about 5 days so for maturity lymphocyte T CD4 need 35 days and that cell as be candidate to resistant against HIV infection by using gene therapy deletion 32 CCR5 to use for HIV & AIDS treatment.

HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: COMPARISON OF THE SURABAYA DIALYSIS CENTER AND JUNTENDO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL DIALYSIS CENTRE santoso, djoko; pranawa, pranawa; Yogiantoro, Moh.; Widodo, Widodo; Wardana, Aditia; Mardiana, Nunuk; Mohani, Chandra Irwanadi; soewanto, soewanto; Shou, Ichiyu; Maeda, Kunimi; Hamada, chieko; Fukui, Mitsumine; Horikoshi, Satoshi; Tomino, Yasuhiko
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 3 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Hepatitis C virus infection is highly prevalence in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. The present study will compare prevalence of HCV positive population in difference countries where there are great contrasts in and diversity of care available to patients who have end stage renal disease. All serum samples of the 100 patients were tested for HCV antibodies, using third-generation enzyme immunoassay. The prevalence of anti-HCV was correlated with a history of blood transfusion and with duration of hemodialysis. HCV prevalences were 88% of Surabaya group and 6% of Juntendo Group, respectively. In Surabaya Group, prevalence of HCV positive was high and the risk factors are not only those of the Juntendo Group, but also a combination of poor living conditions, frequent blood transfusions, and lack of adherence. Much needs to be studied about the role of universal screening and effective techniques for primary prevention in Surabaya Group

THE ETIO-PATHOGENESIS OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE Mustaqimah, Dewi Nurul
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 3 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

The etiology of polymicrobial disease such as periodontitis is likely to be more complex than suggested by the traditional paradigm of disease involving a single virulent organism which up to now has been believed. This review limits its discussion to the other subgingival microbiota which is not yet cultivable, however it is suggested be implicated with the severity of periodontal disease. The intricate interactions between viruses and bacteria within periodontal pockets as a co-infection process reveal its role in the etio-pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Also Archaea domain participate in syntrophic relationship with the microbiota life members in the subgingival crevice, promote colonization by special bacterial group during periodontitis. It is clear that periodontal diseases are not monoinfections.

EVALUATION OF ANTI PCL-1 ANTIBODY TITER IN A GROUP OF HEALTHY SCHOOL CHILDREN WHO LIVE IN LEPROSY ENDEMIC AREA FROM 2007–2010 putri, rachmah diana; amiruddin, M. dali; tabri, farida; Adriaty, Dinar; Wahyuni, ratna; iswahyudi, iswahyudi; agusni, indropo; izumi, shinzo
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 3 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

The "Iceberg phenomene” has been used to explain this situation which indicate that these new leprosy cases is originated from Subclinical Leprosy. Fifty eight healthy school children who live in Jeneponto Regency, a leprosy endemic area in South Sulawesi were recruited. The first examination was performed in 2007 and sera samples were kept in deep freeze refrigerator. In 2010 these children were re-examined for clinical leprosy and sera were collected again. ELISA study was performed simultaneously to these 58 pairs of sera (2007 & 2010) for measuring the titer of IgM anti PGL-1 antibody (ELISA) and the level 605u/ml was regarded as cut off value. After three years evaluation, none of these children showed any clinical signs of leprosy, but 20 of 22 ( 90.9%) children were remained sero-positive and only 2 (9.1%) became sero-negatives. In other sites, 5 children that previously sero-negatives became sero-positives after 3 years. Eight of 10 (80%) children who showed sero (+) with high titer (>1.000u/ml) in 2007, were also remained in high titer. The mean titer of 2007 was 627.8 u/ml, and after3 years became 723.9 u/ml (p<0.05). Although there is no progression from Subclinical to Manifest Leprosy cases among these children, the number of sero (+) cases were increased and the mean titer of IgM anti PGL-1 antibody was significantly increased.. The majority who previously showed high anti PGL-1 antibody titer, remained in high level. This study support the "iceberg phenomene” theory in Leprosy.

MECHANISMS OF PERIODONTITIS - INDUCED ATHEROSCLEROSIS Hudyono, Rikko; Sunariani, Jenny
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 3 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Nowadays CVD become the most common cause of death in US and worldwide. Atherosclerosis plays an important role in CVDs pathogenesis. Atherosclerosis decreases the elasticity of the vascular. Atherosclerosis shares the same risk factor as CVD, in which obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and lack of physical activity may initiate it. However, 50% of all CVD patients are lack of the usual causes of CVD. The purpose of this review is to reveal the mechanism of periodontitis-induced atherosclerosis. Inflammation and autoimmune disease might play an important role in initiate the CVD. Periodontitis is one of the oral diseases which can cause systemic inflammation and may induce the atherosclerosis. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) which is the major cause of periodontitis can induce it by expressing protein gp130 in its fimbriae. Periodontics patients are prone to have bacteremia by daily routine oral hygiene activity. Chronic bacteremia may alter the endothelial physiology, which is resulted in neointima formation, EC dysfunction, and lipid accumulation. It is concluded that periodontitis may play an important role in initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.

THE CLINICAL PROFILES OF AVIAN INFLUENzA IN ENDEMIC AND NON-ENDEMIC REGIONS IN INDONESIA. HOSPITAL-BASED STUDIES AND ITS IMPLICATION ON CLINICAL MANAGEMENT IN THE FUTURE Wibisono, Muhammad Jusuf; Meliana, Resti Yudhawati
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 3 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Indonesia is a greatest burden country of H5N1 avian influenza (AI) virus infection in the world, since first outbreak in Central Java 2005 until August 2010 there was 168 confirmed cases and 138 dead cases. The incidence increasing rapidly in widespread area endemic in Java, Sumatera, Bali and Sulawesi, and sporadic outbreaks in other areas. The World Health Organization stated that AI still became a treat in the next pandemic. H5N1 AI virus infection spreads in almost all provinces, but its endemic in Jakarta, Tangerang and Banten and in other area such Surabaya, Bali were sporadic outbreaks. There are 27 confirmed H5N1 AI infection cases in Jakarta from 296 suspected cases, while in Surabaya only 5 confirmed H5N1 AI infection cases from 12 suspected cases. The age of patient mean with H5N1 AI infection was 16.9 ± 11.6 yo in Jakarta and 24 ± 8.51 yo in Surabaya. There was no difference between male and female. Mortality rate was 77.7% in Jakarta and 60% in Surabaya. A large number of case has indirect contact history, predominantly by visiting market or areas where outbreaks of poultry disease. The clinical feature H5N1 AI virus infection could manifest as mild until severe pneumonia that often progress rapidly to ARDS. In Jakarta, 74% case showed abnormality chest radiography as bilateral pneumonia, while in Surabaya showed lobar pneumonia and bilateral pneumonia. Management patient of H5N1 AI infection is supportive therapy and antiviral, whereas a large number of cases needed mechanical ventilator support.

ACTI ON OF N- ACETYLCYSTEI NE ON ASYMMETRI C DIMETHYLARGININE AND ALBUMINURIA IN STAGE 1-4 NONDIABETIC CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS THAHA, MOCHAMMAD; Widodo, Widodo; Yogiantoro, Moh.; NILAMSARI, WENNY PUTRI; YUSUF, MOCHAMAD; Tomino, Yasuhiko
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 3 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Background: Uremic patients are in a pro-oxidant state and show an increased level of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), which is due to increased PRMT1 activity and reduced dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) as degradation enzymes. Reactive oxidant species may play an important role in increasing the action of PRMT1 and in inhibiting the action of DDAH. Albuminuria and ADMA are closely correlated with progression of cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients as well as indicators for decreasing renal function. Although ACEIs and/or ARBs reduced albuminuria in CKD patients, the results are still conflicting. Several factors in these patients may play important roles in the mechanism of albuminuria such as oxidative stress. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine may prove to have beneficial therapeutic effect, because it can reduce oxidative stress as shown by evidence in humans, and subsequently increase ADMA. The objective of the present study is to explore the contribution of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to the decrease of ADMA and albuminuria in non-diabetic CKD patients. Material and Methods: Patients with non-DM CKD stage 1–4 with albuminuria were randomized to receive ACEI and/or ARB alone (control group) or with antioxidant NAC 600 mg orally twice a day (treatment group). Observations were performed for 3 months to measure ADMA and albuminuria before and after-treatment. 80 patients in total 40 in the control group and 40 in the treatment group were used. Results: After oral treatment with NAC, the plasma level of ADMA in the treatment group increased from 0.604 µmol/l to 0.689 µmol/l, whereas ADMA level in the control group exhibited a higher increase from 0.561 µmol/l to 0.743 µmol/l. The increases in these groups were significantly different (p < 0.02). Moreover, the level of albuminuria was reduced from 148.12 µg/mg • cr to 132.7 µg/mg • cr in the treatment group, and from 75.25 µg/mg • cr to 71.85 µg/mg • cr in the control group. The difference was significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine can be used as adjuvant therapy to inhibit the progression of CKD in patients by decreasing the ADMA level and albuminuria.

URINE SPECIMEN IN DETECTION OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS ANTIBODY IN CHILDREN Setyoboedi, Bagus; Sukmawardani, Maretha; Arief, Sjamsul
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 3 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Hepatitis A is still a problem in developing country, especially in Indonesia. Twenty-three thousand cases per year in the world were reported by CDC in 1998. Detection of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) antibody needs blood specimen, for which the drawing procedure is quite unpleasant for children. The purpose of present study is to examined the use of urine as an alternative specimen compared to blood in the detection of HAV antibody. A cross sectional study on children age 5–12 years who lived in Rusun Sombo District Simokerto Surabaya was performed in 2007. Blood and urine specimens were taken from all subjects, further tested with Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) method using AxSym® HAVAB® 2.0. A total 74 children were included in the study, 43 (58.1%) were boys. Seropositive was found in 38 (51.4%) children and uropositive in 3 (4%) children. There are significant differences between blood and urine specimen, with sensitivity 7.9%, spesificity 100%, PPV 100% and NPV 50.7%. Urine could not replace blood specimen as the gold standart for the detection of hepatitis A antibody in children

THE EFFECTS OF NICOTINE ON THE PERIODONTAL TISSUE Herawati, Herawati; Sunariani, Jenny
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 3 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Tobacco contains thousands of chemical substances which known to be harmful to periodontal tissues. Nicotine was considered as the most toxic substances to periodontal tissues. The datas in this review indicate that smoking may have a significant role in the initiation and progression of periodontal destruction. The conclusion of this and the other studies indicate that smokers have a less favorable response to periodontal therapy than non smoker. Nicotine is potentially toxic substances that have a detrimental effect on periodontal tissue, by altering the host response or directly damage the cells of normal periodontium.

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