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Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease

IJTID
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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20851103 EISSN : 23560991 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health, Science,

Earth & Planetary Sciences Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

This journal is a peer-reviewed journal established to promote the recognition of emerging and reemerging diseases specifically in Indonesia, South East Asia, other tropical countries and around the world, and to improve the understanding of factors involved in disease emergence, prevention, and elimination. The journal is intended for scientists, clinicians, and professionals in infectious diseases and related sciences. We welcome contributions from infectious disease specialists in academia, industry, clinical practice, public health, and pharmacy, as well as from specialists in economics, social sciences and other disciplines.

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Articles 382 Documents

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The Fluctuation of Aedes Aegypti in Endemic Area of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Surabaya City, Indonesia Yotopranoto, Subagyo; Kusmartisnawati, Kusmartisnawati; Mulyatno, Kris Cahyo; Arwati, Heny
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 2 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

This research was aimed to describe the density pattern and the fluctuation of Aedes aegypti larval based on the season in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) endemic area in Surabaya city. The population of the research was the house of people together with its breeding sites either inside and outside the house. The 55 houses were randomly chosen in 11 RWs in Nginden Subdistrict. The sample of this research was Aedes aegypti larva obtained from its breeding sites. The sample sizes were all of the larval in the containers existed in the chosen houses. The samples of the larval were taken and carried for identification and documentation of the species. This research was applied in the same houses in January, March, and May 2008 in rainy season. The results indicated that the highest larval index occurred in January with House Index (HI) 76.8%, Container Index (CI) 40.5%, and Breteau Index (BI) 137.5%. There was a decrease in March with HI 63.3%, CI 31.3%, and BI 92.7%. It continued to decrease in May with HI 42.6%, CI 21.1%, and BI 57.4%. All of those larval indices in the three observed months showed a high percentage of larval which was much higher than the safe limit or the critical threshold (5%) as defined by WHO. It implied that people in Nginden Subdistrict were threaten by the infection of DHF. The three indices achieved the peak in January, which was also the peak of the rainy season. It gradually decreased in March and May as the rainy season decreased its intensity of rain. Larval Density Index (LDI) also showed a high value. There were 173 larval/house in January, 187 larval/house in March, and 84.8 larval/house in May. The containers or breeding sites of Aedes were mostly found in January then their existences gradually decreased in March and May. Traditional bath tub was the most productive container inside the house, while drum and bucket were the most productive containers outside the house. Other containers which contributed abundance of larval were refrigerator, flower pot, well, and PDAM meter box.

THE ETIO-PATHOGENESIS OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE Mustaqimah, Dewi Nurul
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 3 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

The etiology of polymicrobial disease such as periodontitis is likely to be more complex than suggested by the traditional paradigm of disease involving a single virulent organism which up to now has been believed. This review limits its discussion to the other subgingival microbiota which is not yet cultivable, however it is suggested be implicated with the severity of periodontal disease. The intricate interactions between viruses and bacteria within periodontal pockets as a co-infection process reveal its role in the etio-pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Also Archaea domain participate in syntrophic relationship with the microbiota life members in the subgingival crevice, promote colonization by special bacterial group during periodontitis. It is clear that periodontal diseases are not monoinfections.

UPDATE MANAGEMENT OF DENGUE COMPLICATION IN PEDIATRIC Soegijanto, Soegeng
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 2 No. 1 (2011)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Dengue virus infection is one of the important health problems in Indonesia, although the mortality rate has been decreased but many dengue shock syndrome cases is very difficult to be solving handled. It might be due to nature course of dengue virus infection is very difficult to predict of the earlier time of severity occur. THE AIM To get idea to make update management of dengue complication in pediatric. MATERIAL AND METHOD Data were compiled from Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya in 2009. The diagnosis of all cases was based on criteria WHO 1997 and PCR examination in Institute Tropical Disease for identified serotype of dengue virus infection. The unusual cases of dengue virus infection were treated following the new WHO protocol in 2009. RESULT There were only 3 cases with serotype DEN 1, consisted 2 cases had age 1–4 years and 1 had age 5–14 years. 2 cases showed a severe clinical performance as dengue shock syndrome and 1 case showed as unusual case of dengue virus infection. Three report cases of: a. Dengue hemorrhagic fever grade III which liver involvement and had bilateral pleural effusion; b. Dengue hemorrhagic grade III with liver involvement and encephalopathy; c. Dengue hemorrhagic grade III with liver involvement acute kidney injury, myocardial involvement and encephalopathy. All the patients were treated according to new edition WHO protocol and all of the involving organ recovered along with the improvement of the disease. CONCLUSION Update management of dengue complication pediatric should be learned carefully used for helping unusual cases of dengue virus infection.

PAIN RELIEVED USING EXTRA ANATOMY PATHWAY IN ACUTE INFECTION Abdurachman, Abdurachman
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 3 No. 1 (2012)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Acute infection is characterized especially by pain as major complaint of patients. In this following case report, it will be shown that pain cause of acute infection can be relieved using acupuncture technique. Acupuncture use meridian as extra anatomy pathway.

The Photodynamic Effect of LED-Magnetic Exposure to Photoinactivation of Aerobic Photosyntetic Bacteria Astuti, Suryani Dyah
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 5 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

All photosynthetic bacteria have a major pigment of bacteriochlorophyl and accessor pigment e.g. the carotenoids, which both have an important role in photosynthesis process. This study aim to explore the exogenous organic photosensitizer from photosyntetic bacteria for photodynamic therapy application. This study is an experimental research aiming to test the potential illumination of LED with wavelength 409, 430, 528 and 629 nm, and power optimization and time exposure LED-magnetic for optimum photo activation Rhodococcus growth. The reseach design use a factorial completely randomized design with factor of power and exposure time. The number of bacterial colonies grown measure using of Total Plate Count (TPC) methods. The result of anova test shows that irradiation treatment with LED 409 nm, 430 nm, 528 nm and 629 nm significantly affects on bacterial colony growth. LED 409 nm exposure has the greatest potential to boost the growth of bacterial colonies by 77%. LED exposure and the addition of 1.8 mT magnetic fieldincreases bacterial colony growth by 98%. Results of optimization of LED and magnetic fields show power 46 mW and a 40 minute (energy dose 110 J/cm2) optimum growth of bacterial colonies increase by 184%. So LED and magnetic illumination has potentially increased the viability of an aerob photosyntetic bacteria colonies.

MANAGEMENT OF HIV/AIDS INFECTION IN PREGNANCY Dewati, Endah; Nasronudin, Nasronudin
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 5 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Twenty years since identified for the first time, the disease of HIV/AIDS spread and cause greater damage than the previous prediction. According to the Director General of P2M and Environmental Sanitation Department of Health by the end of 1999, there were 1066 people in Indonesia who are infected with HIV even though this must be realized that the rate is still far lower than the actual numbers, because there are many cases of HIV infection reported in addition to energy awareness health of the possibility of HIV infection has not been evenly distributed. Management of HIV infection/AIDS in pregnancy is done in time of antepartum, intrapartum and post partum, for mother and the baby, in general and specific. The important matters include the use of ART, nutrition and psychological support. Prevention and management of opportunistic infections to PWHA are not different with that of non pregnant woman. However, it is not routinely advised because of drug toxicity.

MICRONUTRIENT THERAPY FOR SEPSIS Prasetiyo, Agung; Nasronudin, Nasronudin
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 5 No. 5 (2015)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Micronutrients are nutrients which are needed by the body to perform the function of body. The amounts is less than 100% Î¼g per day and consist of vitamins and minerals. It cannot be synthesized in the body. Research in the US mentioned that the rate prevalence of sepsis is tended to be increased 8.7 % annually. In sepsis, nutrition is one of the important component which could drive the success treatment. Micronutrient, especially a vitamin which is soluble in fats, it would be toxic if the number exceed the capability of body to receive it. Although there are guidance and mutual agreement about sepsis using, it still need to concern on micronutrient which potentially giving bad effect. In sepsis case, micronutrients also determine the success of treatment due to redistribution of vitamin and trace element from circulation to the tissue which involved in the proteins formation and immune system. The conclusions of the latest 7 experiments and 4 random controlled studies of multi-centre support the micronutrients supplementation because it can decrease mortality rate. However, it still need to be aware to the toxicity of fat soluble micronutrient if the doses are excessive.

LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSE TO Mycobacterium leprae ANTIGENS IN REVERSAL REACTION STATE OF LEPROSY Yusuf, Irawan; Agusni, Indropo
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 5 No. 4 (2015)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Reversal Reaction (RR) in Leprosy is a sudden inflammatory episode in the chronic course of the disease due to rapid change of cellular immunological status. The aim of the study is to measure the in vitro results of Lymphocyte Stimulation Index (LSI) RR leprosy derived lymphocytes after challenged with M.leprae antigens. Twenty three Borderline Leprosy with RR and 11 Borderline Leprosy patients without RR were included in the study. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) were separated from peripheral blood of these patients using Ficol-Hypaque column and cultured in laboratory. Using the colorimetric tetrazole (MTT) method these lymphocytes were challenged with PHA, Dharmendra antigen (1/100 and 1/10 dilutions), LAM (50 and 100 nanograms). Stimulation Index were calculated and superanatans were collected for measuring the IFN-Î³ and IL-10 production (ELISA). All of lymphocytes from RR patients showed higher Stimulation Index after challenged with the five M.leprae antigens compared to lymphocytes from non RR patients (p <0.05) . IFN-Î³ and IL-10 also increased but not significant (p>0.05). It is concluded that lymphocytes of leprosy patients during RR state are more sensitive to antigenic stimuli compared to non-RR leprosy patients. Further extended studies are needed to determine the "cut off” value of lymphocyte Stimulation Index that is useful for clinicians in the field in the prediction of RR before starting anti leprotic treatment.

EVALUATION OF ANTI PCL-1 ANTIBODY TITER IN A GROUP OF HEALTHY SCHOOL CHILDREN WHO LIVE IN LEPROSY ENDEMIC AREA FROM 2007–2010 putri, rachmah diana; amiruddin, M. dali; tabri, farida; Adriaty, Dinar; Wahyuni, ratna; iswahyudi, iswahyudi; agusni, indropo; izumi, shinzo
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 3 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

The "Iceberg phenomene” has been used to explain this situation which indicate that these new leprosy cases is originated from Subclinical Leprosy. Fifty eight healthy school children who live in Jeneponto Regency, a leprosy endemic area in South Sulawesi were recruited. The first examination was performed in 2007 and sera samples were kept in deep freeze refrigerator. In 2010 these children were re-examined for clinical leprosy and sera were collected again. ELISA study was performed simultaneously to these 58 pairs of sera (2007 & 2010) for measuring the titer of IgM anti PGL-1 antibody (ELISA) and the level 605u/ml was regarded as cut off value. After three years evaluation, none of these children showed any clinical signs of leprosy, but 20 of 22 ( 90.9%) children were remained sero-positive and only 2 (9.1%) became sero-negatives. In other sites, 5 children that previously sero-negatives became sero-positives after 3 years. Eight of 10 (80%) children who showed sero (+) with high titer (>1.000u/ml) in 2007, were also remained in high titer. The mean titer of 2007 was 627.8 u/ml, and after3 years became 723.9 u/ml (p<0.05). Although there is no progression from Subclinical to Manifest Leprosy cases among these children, the number of sero (+) cases were increased and the mean titer of IgM anti PGL-1 antibody was significantly increased.. The majority who previously showed high anti PGL-1 antibody titer, remained in high level. This study support the "iceberg phenomene” theory in Leprosy.

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE INTENSITY OF Mycobacterium leprae EXPOSURE BETWEEN HOUSEHOLD AND NONHOUSEHOLD CONTACT OF LEPROSY Arsyad, Yuniarti; Jifanti, Friska; Amiruddin, Muhammad Dali; Anwar, Anis Irawan; Adriaty, Dinar; Wahyuni, Ratna; Iswahyudi, Iswahyudi; Agusni, Indropo
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 3 No. 1 (2012)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Leprosy stills a public health problem in West Sulawesi which has a Case Detection Rate (CDR) around 43.69/100.000 population. Household contacts of leprosy are a high risk group to be infected, due to droplet infection mode of transmission of the disease. A nose swab examination and serological study was conducted to detect exposure of M. leprae of people who live in leprosy endemic area. Detection of M. leprae in the nasal cavity will represent the exposure rate from outside and the measurement of specific antibody is represented the result of exposure to the immune system. Two group of inhabitants (30 household contacts of leprosy and 30 nonhousehold contacts) were involved in the study. They live in Banggae district, a leprosy endemic area of Majene Regency, West Sulawesi. Sixty nose swab samples and sixty capillary blood samples from the same invidividuals of the two groups were collected and sent to Leprosy laboratory of the Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University Surabaya. A Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to the nose swab samples for detection of M. leprae. The blood samples were examined serologically to measure the level of anti PGL-1 antibody. PCR examination of nose swab samples showed 1/30 positive result in the household contact group and also 1/30 positive result in non-household contact of leprosy (statistically no significant difference, p > 0.05). Serological study showed higher sero-positive result in the household contact group (15/30 or 50%) compared to non-household contact (11/30 or 36%), but statistical calculation revealed no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05) on sero-positive results of leprosy. It is concluded that household and non-household contact in leprosy have the same risk to be affected by the disease. The term of household and non-household contact need to be redefined. The possible role of exposure from the environment was also discussed, especially from non-human resource of M. leprae.

Page 12 of 39 | Total Record : 382

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