Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology
The Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology (IJBiotech) is an open access, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal dedicated to the publication of novel research in all aspects of biotechnology, with particular attention paid to the exploration and development of natural products derived from tropical—and especially Indonesian—biodiversity. IJBiotech is published biannually and accepts original research articles featuring well-designed studies with clearly analyzed and logically interpreted results. A strong preference is given to research that has the potential to make significant contributions to both the field of biotechnology and society in general.
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<![CDATA[The effect of methanol extract of soybean seeds (Glycine max L.Merr.) on the histology and immunohistochemical distribution of Cyp19 aromatase in rat testis (Rattus norvegicus L.) ]]>
<![CDATA[Retno Aryani]]>;
<![CDATA[Sukarti Moeljopawiro]]>;
<![CDATA[Laurentius Hartanto Nugroho]]>;
<![CDATA[Pudji Astuti]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 20, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.24199
<![CDATA[Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) contains phytoestrogens that have a chemical structure resembling estrogen in the body. They function like estrogen and antiestrogen, affecting the metabolism of sex steroid hormones. This research aimed to determine the effect of the methanol extract of soybean on the histological structure and distribution of immunohistochemical Cyp19 aromatase in rat testis . Twenty males of Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 5. The frst group was the control and the second to fourth groups were given soybean extract (250 mg/kg of body weight, 500 mg/kg of body weight) and genistein (0.3 mg/kg of body weight), respectively, for 52 days. The results of this study indicate that the effect of methanol extract from soybean caused weight gain, and the weight of the testis and epididymis decreased. In addition, the histological results showed that seminiferous tubules were reduced in size, became irregular, were separated by a wide interstitium, and spermatogenic cells were decreased. The immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of Cyp19 aromatase in the rats decreased both in spermatocyte cells and Leydig cells. It could be concluded that the methanol extract of soybean induced testicular damage and reduced Cyp19 aromatase expression in rat testis.]]>
<![CDATA[Isolation and caracterization of ficin enzyme from Ficus septica Burm F stem latex ]]>
<![CDATA[Sri Wahyuni]]>;
<![CDATA[R. Susanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Retno Sri Iswari]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 20, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.24200
<![CDATA[This research aims to isolate and characterize the fcin enzyme from Ficus septica stem latex. Ficin from Ficus septica stem latex was isolated using column chromatography. Then enzyme activity was tested at different temperature (40oC, 50oC, 60oC, 70oC) and pH (6.0, 7.0, 8.0) levels. Ficin enzyme activity of joint treatment with variations in temperature and pH was analyzed using two-way ANOVA with a factorial pattern followed by Least Signifcant Difference (LSD) test. The results showed that temperature treatment signifcantly affects enzyme activity. However, the treatment of pH and the interaction between temperature and pH did not signifcantly affect the fcin enzyme activity. There was no signifcant difference in fcin activity at the incubation temperatures of 40oC and 50oC, as well as 60oC and 70oC. However, comparing the incubation temperatures of 40oC and 50oC with treatment 60°C and 70°C showed a signifcant difference in fcin enzyme activity. In the treatment of incubation at pH 6, 7 and 8 for fcin enzyme activity showed no signifcant difference. We concluded that the Ficus septica plant latex contained fcin enzyme with an optimum temperature of 60°C and optimum pH of 6, 7, and 8.]]>
<![CDATA[Limited evidence for white spot syndrome virus susceptibility associated with expression of PmVRP15 in local population of giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) ]]>
<![CDATA[Aushia Tanzih Al Haq]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Murwantoko]]>;
<![CDATA[T. Trijoko]]>;
<![CDATA[Nastiti Wijayanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Ch. Retna Handayani]]>;
<![CDATA[Rarastoeti Pratiwi]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 20, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.24189
<![CDATA[White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a devastating viral disease in shrimp aquaculture. Infection ofWSSV in penaeid shrimps affects immune defense and changes gene expression. PmVRP15 has been reported as a part of the WSSV propagation pathway that is highly up-regulated in hemocytes at the acute phase of WSSV infection. This study analyzed the expression of PmVRP15 in local populations of giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) to be associated with susceptibility to WSSV. Tested populations consisted of an inbreeding population (G8) and outbreeding population (G8iA) from Jepara, Indonesia. Susceptibility was determined by cumulative mortality, median lethal time (LT50), and severity of infection at time of death. Though all populations were susceptible to WSSV, the frst mortality in G8 occurred at 18 hours post-infection (hpi) with mild infection, while frst mortality of G8iA occurred at 30 hpi with severe infection. The LT50 of G8 was signifcantly lower than that of G8iA, indicating that G8iA was less susceptible to WSSV than G8. Relative PmVRP15 transcripts of G8iA were insignifcantly down-regulated, whereas relative PmVRP15 transcripts of G8were insignifcantly upregulated. Although it’s still not conclusive, the results of this study suggest that PmVRP15 has weak potentialas a WSSV susceptibility marker in G8 and G8iA broodstock selection.]]>
<![CDATA[Elimination of shallot bulb viruses through heat treatment ]]>
<![CDATA[Margo Sulistio]]>;
<![CDATA[Endang Sulistyaningsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Siti Subandiyah]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 20, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.24196
<![CDATA[Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) is usually cultivated vegetatively. As a result, viruses tend to accumulate within the host plants and spread to healthy plants every crop cycle, reducing yield and bulb quality. There are a very limited number of studies about the elimination of shallot viruses through heat treatment. The objective of this research was to eliminate shallot viruses through heat treatment to produce virus-free plantlets. The leaves of Biru Lancor with specifc visual virus symptoms were detected by Reverse Transcription–Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Then bulbs of Biru Lancor that were positively infected by viruses were used as materials for heat treatment. The treatments were a control (without treatment), electric treatment at 15 mA for 10 minutes, heat treatment in an incubator at 37°C for 4 weeks, heat treatment in a waterbath at 45°C for 60 minutes, and combination of heat treatment in an incubator at 37°C for 4 weeks and heat treatment in a waterbath at 45°C for 60 minutes. After being subjected to heat treatment, the pseudo stem were cultivated in the MS Medium + 1 mg/L BAP + 1 mg/L IBA.Virus detection by RT-PCR was conducted 28 days after planting using samples of leaves from each plantlet. The results of this research showed that the treatments of electric treatment at 15 mA for 10 minutes and combination of heat treatment in the incubator at 37°C for 4 weeks and heat treatment in the waterbath at 45°C for 60 minutes could suppress the incidence of Shallot latent virus (SLV) until 100%. Heat treatment might have an important role in the degradation of virus particles by boosting Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) as plant responses to virus infection.]]>
<![CDATA[Detection and identifcation of adherence genes of intestinal-origin Lactobacillus and Pediococcus strains grown on gastric mucin in vitro ]]>
<![CDATA[W. Widodo]]>;
<![CDATA[Sri Lestari]]>;
<![CDATA[Widya Asmara]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 20, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.24346
<![CDATA[One of the primary selection criteria for potential probiotics is the ability to adhere to the host gastrointestinal tract. This study evaluated the in vitro adhesion ability on gastric mucin of two Lactobacillus casei strains (AP and AG) and two Pediococcus acidilactici strains (BE and BK), and identifed the corresponding genes responsible for adherence. Adhesion assays were performed in 96-well polystyrene microtiter plates using gastric mucin from porcine stomach as the matrix. An in vitro study on gastric mucin revealed that lactobacilli had a greater adherence ability compared with pediococci strains. The potential adherence genes were investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Using specifc primers, PCR studies amplifed 150 base pairs of a potential mub gene and 161 base pairs of a potential ef-Tu gene, but no amplifed bands for potential map and bac genes were obtained. Sequence comparisons showed that the 150 and 161 amplifed base pairs were respectively homologous to the mub of Pediococcus acidilactici and ef-Tu genes of Lactobacillus paracasei. We concluded that the adherence ability of two strains of Lactobacillus casei (AP and AG) and two strains of Pediococcus acidilactici (BE and BK) on gastric mucin is in accordance with the presence of ef-Tu and mub genes. High level attachment in lactobacilli is likely to correlate with the ef-Tu gene, which is a lactobacilli-specifc adhesive gene.]]>
<![CDATA[Characterization of Aspergillus Niger 65i6 lipase from solid-state fermentation using Jatropha seed cake medium ]]>
<![CDATA[Chusnul Hidayat]]>;
<![CDATA[Sari Darmasiwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Maulina Nurikasari]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Nur Cahyanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 20, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.24195
<![CDATA[Jatropha curcas seed cake contains a high amount of protein, and consequently has very high potentialas a medium for lipase production. The objective of this research was to characterize lipase from Aspergillusniger 6516, which was produced by solid-state fermentation on Jatropha curcas seed cake as the medium. The effects of pH and temperature on enzyme activity were evaluated, along with substrate specifcity and enzyme stability. Fermentation was performed at a water concentration of 63% and temperature of 30 °C for 7 days. The results showed that the optimum pH and temperature for Aspergillus niger 6516 lipase activities were 8.0 and 40 °C, respectively. The lipase had the substrate specifcity to hydrolyze long-chain fatty acids and was stable in polar organic solvents. The lipase had a molecular weight, Km and vmax about 19 kDa, 0.27 µmol/ml, and 52.63 µmol/ml/min, respectively. The results also suggested that the produced lipase from Aspergillus niger 6516 was an alkaline lipase. Based on these results, we conclude that Jatropha seed cake is a suitable medium for lipase production.]]>
<![CDATA[Synergistic effects of para-hydroxy meta-methoxy chalcone (pHmMC)- doxorubicin treatments on T47D breast cancer cells ]]>
<![CDATA[Retno Arianingrum]]>;
<![CDATA[Retno Sunarminingsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Edy Meiyanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Sofia Mubarika]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 20, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.24197
<![CDATA[Resistance to some cancer chemotherapeutic drugs has been identifed. One strategy to overcome that problem is by combining two or more of the drugs to get co-chemotherapeutic effects. A derivate chalcone, 3 - (4’-hydroxy-3’-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-2-propene-1-on or para hydroxy meta methoxy chalcone (pHmMC), has been reported to have cytotoxic activity on some cancer cells through some pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combinations of pHmMC and Doxorubicin (Dox) on the cytotoxicity, anti-proliferation, apoptosis, and the cell cycle of T47D (breast cancer cell-lines) in vitro. The cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity were determined by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. The combination index (CI) was used to determine the synergistic, additive or antagonistic effects of the combinations. Flowcytometry method was performed to determine the combination effects on the apoptosis and cell cycle. The results indicated that the combinations had a higher inhibitory effect on the cell growth compared to those of single treatments of pHmMC and Dox. All the doses used in the combinations were lower of the single doses at their IC50s. The results showed all the combinations gave synergistic (CI: 0.3 – 0.7) up to strong synergistic (CI: 0.1 – 0.3) effects. The synergistic effects of the combinations were due to increased apoptosis and induced cell cycle arrest in S and G2/M phases on the cancer cell lines.]]>
<![CDATA[Identifcation of antibiotic producing endophytic microbe isolates from a national park in Java island ]]>
<![CDATA[Sri Yuwantiningsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Sebastian Margino]]>;
<![CDATA[Subagus Wahyuono]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 20, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.24345
<![CDATA[Endophytic microbes are potential sources of antibiotics. Some numbers of endophytic bacteria were isolated from plants in Ujung Kulon, Kaliurang, Meru Betiri and Baluran National Park, Bogor Botanical Garden, and Nusakambangan forest, Indonesia. Previous studies have been conducted to examine and obtain endophytic bacteria isolates from the selected plants, which resulted in three selected isolates, namely OOH-1, STG-1, and CMB-2. This research was conducted to determine the molecular identity of OOH-1 and STG-1 isolates, as well as to identify antibiotic compounds produced by STG-1 isolate. Molecular identifcation of selected isolates was based on 16S rRNA gene analysis and amplifed using primers 27F and 1492R. A phylogeny tree was then constructed by comparing the resulting sequences with data from Gene Bank using the BLAST-N program. The identifcation showed that STG-1 isolate had a 99% similarity with Pseudomonas brenneri strain SFML 97-391, and OOH-1 isolate had a 99% similarity with Enterobacter xiangfangensis. Identifcation of antibiotic compounds was done by purifcation and separation of the compounds. Antibiotic activity was also examined based on Lethal Concentration (LC50) on Fusarium oxysporum with a LC50 of 0.01–0.02% against Fusarium oxysporum.]]>
<![CDATA[The first evaluation of glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase defciency (G6PD) gene mutation in malaria endemic region at South Central Timor (SCT) district, Eastern Indonesia 2014–2015 ]]>
<![CDATA[Jontari Hutagalung]]>;
<![CDATA[Hari Kusnanto]]>;
<![CDATA[S. Supargiyono]]>;
<![CDATA[P. Purwono]]>;
<![CDATA[Sadewa Ahmad Hamim]]>;
<![CDATA[Darojatun Ida]]>;
<![CDATA[Satyagraha Ari Winasti]]>;
<![CDATA[Novijanti Rintis]]>;
<![CDATA[Triwibowo A. Garjito]]>;
<![CDATA[Mega Tyas Prihatin]]>;
<![CDATA[Bai Apris]]>;
<![CDATA[Bansai Immanuel]]>;
<![CDATA[Kik Hao Samuel]]>;
<![CDATA[Hananta Linawati]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 20, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.24194
<![CDATA[Primaquine (PQ) is a key drug in the malaria pre-elimination stage. However, PQ can trigger acutehemolysis for people with G6PD defciency (G6PDd). In 2013, 15–25 million Indonesian people were infected with malaria, with 30,000–38,000 deaths each year mostly in eastern Indonesia with API= 15.6 %. Recently, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia announced a plan to reach the pre-elimination stage based on WHO guidelines. This study assesses whether eastern Indonesia should proceed with the activities of malaria pre-elimination. A total 555 healthy people in fve subdistricts in eastern Indonesia were selected by systematic random samping. All data were collected using a standard questionnaire, physical examination, and laboratory tests. PCR and DNA sequencing protocols followed respective manufacture’s instructions. Statistical analysis by bivariate with α= 0.05 and 95% CI were performed using the SPSS software package. Based on the nested PCR, the result showed a malaria prevalence of 32.6% with being the dominant species (52.5%). Malaria cases were found in all study sites and not using a bed net was the moost signifcant risk factors with Exp B= 1.54 with 95% CI= 0.99–2.38. G6PDd prevalence was 16.6%, the highest G6PDd ever found in Indonesia with variant molecular dominant 10.883 T>C and one sample with a heterozygous female. Malaria pre-elimination in eastern Indonesia should be delayed. High risk patients should be tested for enzyme G6PD activities before antimalarial administration.]]>
<![CDATA[The effects of population size on genetic parameters and mating system of sandalwood in Gunung Sewu, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Yeni Widyana Nurchahyani]]>;
<![CDATA[Sapto Indrioko]]>;
<![CDATA[Eny Faridah]]>;
<![CDATA[Atus Syahbudin]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 20, No 2 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Gadjah Mada ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.24347
<![CDATA[We combined feld observations with isoenzyme analysis to compare population demographic and its effects on genetic diversity and mating systems, among six populations of sandalwood in Gunung Sewu, Indonesia, during March to August 2015. This endangered economic-important species was originated from the southeastern parts of Indonesia, but is recently occured as new landraces in Gunung Sewu, Java island. The observed heterozygosity varied from Ho 0.184 to 0.385 in parents, and from Ho 0.083 to 0.348 in offspring levels, based on the degree of clonality and genetic base. Most of genetic variation is distributed within populations, and only 2.7% were presented among populations, that was indicated by the low DST and FST value (HT 0.30; HS 0.276; DST 2.4%; FST 7.98%). A dendrogram indicated a grouping of populations into three clusters. However, there were seemed to be no association between geographical and genetic distance. Genetic depletion occured due to (i) clonality events as result of heavy-exploitation and/or natural disturbance which induced root suckering, (ii) genetic drifts and bottleneck effects, (iii) the founder effects due to parental low diversity, and (iv) the alteration on mating systems to be more inbreeders. Some of the results confrmed a “reproductive assurance prediction” while some others were contradicting this. It seemed that genetic diversity and mating systems are not much affected by population size, but more by the parental heterozygosity and the degree of clonality. Our results emphasized the importance of populations’ genetic base or parental genetic diversity to naturally maintain the genetic and evolutionary processes under equilibrium conditions.]]>
