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WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal)
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Published by Universitas Warmadewa
ISSN : 25274627     EISSN : 25799010     DOI : doi.org/10.22225/wmj
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) is the Journal of Medicine & Health, contains scientific articles (Original/ Research Articles, Review Articles, Case Reports) by academic community of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Warmadewa University, other Faculties of Medicine and Health Sciences and other related Institutions. It is the medium for hardskill and softskills development as an integral part of the Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi (Education, Research, Public Service) and health services in the forms of media of communication, information, scientific education, as a subsystem of Medicine and Health holistic and comprehensive services.
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Articles 104 Documents
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Abses Submandibula dengan Komplikasi Mediastinitis Agus Santosa
WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) Vol 2 No 2 (2017): November 2017
Publisher : Warmadewa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/wmj.2.2.76.77-81

Abstract

Abses leher dalam terbentuk di dalam ruang potensial di antara fasia leher sebagai akibat perjalanan infeksi dari berbagai sumber seperti gigi, mulut, tenggorok, sinus paranasal, telinga tengah dan leher. Tergantung ruang mana yang terlibat, gejala dan tanda klinik setempat berupa nyeri dan pembengkakan akan menunjukkan lokasi infeksi. Ruang submandibular adalah lokasi yang paling sering ditemui pada infeksi ruang leher dalam. Paling sering terjadi pada usia 20 dan 60 tahun, dengan dominasi laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan adalah 3:1.  Penyebab abses ini yang paling sering adalah infeksi gigi. Penyebaran infeksi sepanjang danger space cepat dapat menyebabkan mediastinitis. Dilaporkan satu kasus abses submandibular penderita, laki-laki 41 tahun datang dengan keluhan bengkak pada pipi dan rahang bawah kanan disertai demam sejak kurang lebih 8 hari sebelum MRS. Sebelumnya penderita mengeluh sakit pada gigi geraham kanan bawah. Penderita juga mengeluh batuk dan sesak sejak 2 hari sebelum MRS. Kemudian dilakukan aspirasi didapatkan pus kemudian dilakukan insisi dan drainase. Pasien dilakukan pemeriksaan penunjang dan didapatkan hasil suspek mediastinitis. Pasien dikonsulkan kepada BedahThorak-Kardiovaskuler dan dilakukan sternotomy. Pasien mengalami perbaikan kondisi dan pasien diijinkan untuk pulang kerumah.Kata Kunci: laki-laki, infeksi gigi, abses, mediastinitis. [Submandibular Abscess With Complications Mediastinitis]Abscesses in the neck formed in the potential space between the fascia of the neck as a result of the course of infection from various sources such as the teeth, mouth, throat, paranasal sinuses, middle ear and neck. Depending on where the space involved, the symptoms and signs of local clinic of pain and swelling will show the location of the infection. Submandibular space is the location of the most commonly encountered in infections in the neck area. Most often between the ages of 20 and 60 years, with a predominance of males compared to females was 3:1. The cause of this abscess is most commonly a dental infection. The spread of infection throughout the danger space can quickly lead to mediastinitis. Reported a case of submandibular abscess patient, 41 years old male presents with swelling on the right cheek and lower jaw, with fever since at least 8 days prior. Previous patient complained of pain in the lower right molar teeth. Patients also complained of cough and shortness since two days. Then aspiration obtained pussy then incision and draignase. Patients be investigated and the results obtained suspected mediastinitis. Patients consulted for Thoracic Surgery-Cardiovascular and do sternotomy. Patients experiencing improved conditions and the patient is allowed to go home.Keywords: male, tooth infection, abscess, mediastinitis
Ekstrak Air Biji Pepaya (Carica Papaya) dapat Menurunkan Kadar Kolesterol Total dan Kadar Serumglutamat Piruvat Transaminase (Sgpt) pada Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar yang Hiperkolesterolemia Legis Ocktaviana Saputri; Bagus Komang Satriyasa; Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa
WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) Vol 2 No 1 (2017): Mei 2017
Publisher : Warmadewa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/wmj.2.1.73.1-10

Abstract

Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan kelainan metabolisme lemak yang dianggap sebagai faktor yang berkontribusi dalam peningkatan risiko PJK. Biji pepaya diduga memiliki aktivitas hipolipidemik karena mengandung senyawa fitokimia yang berpengaruh pada metabolisme lemak. Penelitian ini menggunakan model eksperimental randomized pretest-posttestcontrol-group design terhadap 30 ekor tikus yang hiperkolesterolemia setelah diinduksi pakan tinggi kolesterol selama 48 hari. Tikus tersebut dibagi ke dalam 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif (P0), kontrol positif (P1), dan kelompok perlakuan (P2).Aktivitas antihiperkolesterolemik dinilai melalui pengukuran kadar kolesterol total dan SGPT pretest dan posttest. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ekstrak air biji pepaya dosis 300 mg/kg/hari mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol total sebesar 13,39% dan kadar SGPT sebesar 31,4% (p<0,05). Uji One Way Anova menunjukkan bahwa kadar kolesterol total dan SGPT posttest antar kelompok berbeda bermakna (p<0,05). Uji LSD menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak air biji pepaya dapat secara signifikan menurunkan kadar kolesterol total pada tikus yang hiperkolesterolemia jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok placebo. Kadar tersebut tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kelompok yang diberi simvastatin (beda rerata 0,6 mg/dL; p>0,05). Penurunan kadar SGPT diketahui berbeda bermakna jika dibandingkan kelompok placebo. Hasil tersebut dapat membuktikan bahwa pemberian ekstrak air biji pepaya dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total dan SGPT pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang hiperkolesterolemia.Kata Kunci: hipekolesterolemia, ekstrak biji papaya, kolesterol total, SGPT. [Aqueous Extract of Papaya (Carica Papaya) Seeds Decreased Total Cholesterol and Alanine Aminotransferase (Alt) Levels in Hypercholesterolemic Male Wistar Rats]Hypercolesterolemic is fat metabolism disorder which contributes to increase the risk of CHD. Papaya seeds issuspected having anti-hipercholesterolemic activity, because contains several phytochemical compounds. This study uses a model of experimental randomized pretest-posttestcontrol-group design in 30 rats that had induced hypercholesterolemia with high cholesterol diet for 48 days. Rats were divided into 3 groups: negative control (P0), positive control (P1), and the treatment group (P2). Antihypercholesterolemic activities were assessed through total cholesterol and ALT pretest and posttest levels. Results of this study has shown that aqueous extract of papaya seeds dose 300 mg/kg/day can reduce total cholesterol by 13.39% and ALT by 31.4% (p<0.05). One Way ANOVA test showed that the levels of total cholesterol and SGPT posttest are significantly different between groups (p<0.05). Further test with LSD showed that the aqueous extract of papaya seeds can significantly reduce total cholesterol when compared to P0. These results do not differ significantly from group that given simvastatin (mean difference 0.6 mg/dL; p>0.05). Decreased levels of ALT are also known significantly different when compared to P0.These result proved that aqueous extract of Carica papaya seeds can decreased total cholesterol and ALT levels in hypercholesterolemic male wistar rats.Keywords: hypercholesterolemic, papaya seeds extract, total cholesterol, ALT
Korelasi Kadar Angiopoietin-2 Plasma dan Petanda Inflamasi Dengan Resistensi Insulin Pada Penderita Obesitas Abdominal Anak Agung Gede Budhitresna
WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) Vol 1 No 1 (2016): Mei 2016
Publisher : Warmadewa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/wmj.1.1.5.10-16

Abstract

Obesitas abdominal (Ob-Ab) merupakan komponen utama resistensi insulin (RI) yaitu kekutan pendorong utama untuk terjadinya diabetes mellitus (DM)  tipe-2. Kadar angiopoietin-2  (Ang-2) plasma dilaporkan mengalami peningkatan pada  penderita Ob-Ab dan diduga bahwa Ang-2 berpengaruh untuk terjadinya RI. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi kadar Ang-2, Inflamasi dan RI pada penderita Ob-Ab. Dilakukan penelitian secara cross-sectional analitik pada 81 penderita dengan Ob-Ab. Kadar  TNF-α, sTNFR1 dan Ang-2 plasma diukur menggunakan metode ELISA. RI diukur menggunakan HOMA-IR. Analisis varian (ANOVA) dipergunakan untuk mengetahui persamaan variabel kontinyu. Analisis multivariat dipergunakan untuk mengetahui peran kadar TNF-α, s-TNFR-1, Ang-2 terhadap RI. Model analisis jalur (path analysis) dipergunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor risiko terjadinya RI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar TNF-α plasma tidak berkorelasi dengan HOMA-IR, sedangkan sTNFR-1 dan  Ang-2 plasma berkorelasi positif bermakna dengan HOMA-IR (masing-masing r=0,323; p=0,003 dan r=0,641; p=<0,001). Pada analisis multivariat ditemukan Ang-2 merupakan faktor bebas berhubungan dengan HOMA-IR (p=<0,001). Kadar Ang-2 plasma yang tinggi merupakan faktor dominan (64,1%, p=<0,001). Simpulan: pada penderita Ob-Ab kadar Ang-2 berkorelasi dengan terjadinya RI dan inflamasi.Kata kunci: Ang-2, resistensi insulin, inflamasi, obesitas abdominal. [Correlation of Plasma Angiopoietin-2 and Inflammation Marker with Insulin Resistence in Patients with Central Obesity]Abdominal obesity (Ab-Ob) is a central component of insulin resistance (IR) and it is suggested that IR is a driving factor in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).  Plasma Ang-2 levels have been reported to increase in the Ab-Ob and it has been hypothesized that Ang-2 plays important role in the occurrence of IR. We assessed the relationship between plasma Ang-2 levels, Inflammation and IR in Ab-Ob. A cross-sectional analytic study on 81 abdominally obese subjects was performed. The concentrations of TNF-α, sTNFR1 and Ang-2 plasma were measured using ELISA method. IR was measured using HOMA-IR. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the equality of continuous variables. Multivariate analyses were performed to examine the influence of TNF-α, s-TNFR-1, and Ang-2 on IR. Path analysis models were performed to assess the influence of risk factors on occurrence of IR. Plasma of TNF-α was not correlated with HOMA-IR (r=160; p=0.154) whereasTNFR-1 and Ang-2 were significantly positive correlated with HOMA-IR (r=0.323, p=0.003 and r=0.641, p=<0.001, respectively).  The multivariate analysis showed Ang-2 was independently associated with HOMA-IR (p <0.001). It was found that high Ang-2 level was a dominant risk factor (64.1%, p=<0.001) for influencing IR in the abdominally obese subjects. It is concluded that plasma Ang-2 level is correlated with occurrence of IR and inflammation in abdominally obese subjects.Keywords: Ang-2, insulin resistance, inflammation, abdominal-obesity.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Rokok dan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok Mahasiswa yang Merokok di Kampus Dwi Masu Putra; I Ketut Tangking Widarsa
WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) Vol 3 No 1 (2018): May 2018
Publisher : Warmadewa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/wmj.3.1.643.27-32

Abstract

Abstrak Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Bali telah menetapkan Peraturan Daerah tentang Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (KTR) di Bali dan kampus ditetapkan sebagai salah satu KTR termasuk kampus Universitas Warmadewa (Unwar), akan tetapi masih banyak mahasiswa merokok pada KTR di kampus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan mahasiswa yang merokok pada KTR terhadap rokok dan KTR. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap 95 mahasiswa yang biasa merokok pada KTR di kampus Unwar yang dipilih dengan cara snow ball sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sebanyak 89,5% sampel adalah laki-laki, 84,2% tergolong perokok ringan-sedang, dan mereka merokok karena faktor lingkungan. Selain itu, sekitar 12,6% sampel memiliki pengetahuan baik tentang rokok, bahaya rokok, dan KTR. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebanyakan mahasiswa yang merokok pada KTR di kampus memiliki pemahaman yang kurang tehadap rokok, bahaya rokok, dan KTR yang menyebabkan mereka tidak peduli terhadap KTR sehingga mereka bebas dan tanpa beban merokok pada KTR di kampus. Sosialisasi tentang rokok dan KTR perlu ditingkatkan khusunya kepada mahasiwa perokok. Selain itu, perlu diperbanyak jumlah ruangan tempat merokok di kampus yang mudah diakses oleh perokok. Abstract [Knowledge of at-Campus-Smoker Students about Cigarett and No-Smoking Areas] The Bali provincial government has enacted a regulation of smoke-free areas in Bali, and campus is one the public place with the restriction. However, there are many college students who smoke on the campus, including students of Warmadewa University. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of smoker students about smoking and the smoking ban areas. A total of 95 students who smoked at Warmadewa campus were sampled by snowball method and were interviewed. The study showed that the at-campus smokers were mostly male students (89.5%) and 84.2% of them was mild-to-moderate smokers who smoked because of environmental factor. Only around 12.6% of the samples had good knowledge about cigarette, the harms of cigarette, and smoke-free area regulation. In conclusion, the students who smoked at the campus were mostly students who were not knowledgeable about the cigarette, the harms of cigarette, and smoke-free areas regulation, thus they felt free and were not guilty of smoking at no-smoking areas at the campus. Information dissemination on the harms of smoking and no-smoking areas are needed, especially for the smoking students. Additionally, more of accessible smoking spaces are needed at the campus for the smoker students.
Optimalisasi Peran Fasilitator untuk Meningkatkan Keefektifan Diskusi Kelompok pada Blok Musculoskeletal System and Disorders Asri Lestarini; Sang Nyoman Suriana
WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) Vol 2 No 2 (2017): November 2017
Publisher : Warmadewa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/wmj.2.2.373.52-59

Abstract

Pelatihan fasilitator merupakan salah satu metode untuk mengoptimalkan peran fasilitator dalam diskusi kelompok sehingga terjadi peningkatan keefektifan diskusi. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi efektifitas diskusi kelompok dan motivasi intrinsik mahasiswa akibat pengaruh dari optimalisasi peran fasilitator pada blok Musculoskeleal System and Disorders. Pelatihan fasilitator dilakukan pada pertengahan blok dengan 5 peserta (fasilitator) yang merupakan tutor pada blok. Setiap kali diskusi pada blok (10 kali) baik sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan, mahasiswa (55 orang) diberikan kuisioner yang menggambarkan perilaku fasilitator, keefektifan diskusi kelompok dan motivasi intrinsik dari mahasiswa. Data kuisioner dianalisis dengan Cohens’d dan korelasi Pearson menggunakan SPSS ver.16. Keefektifan diskusi kelompok secara umum yang dilihat dari rerata sebesar 3,83 setelah pelatihan, sedangkan 3,77 sebelum pelatihan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan ke arah positif daripada negatif tetapi perbedaan ini tidak bermakna secara praktis (Cohen’s d 0,28). Rerata perilaku fasilitator selama diskusi sebesar 3,81 setelah pelatihan, sedangkan 3,89 sebelum pelatihan juga menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna secara praktis. Hal ini juga terlihat pada motivasi intrinsik mahasiswa sebesar 4,99 setelah pelatihan, sedangkan 5,02 sebelum pelatihan. Uji korelasi menunjukan hubungan peran fasilitator terhadap efektivitas diskusi kelompok (0,541) mempunyai hubungan yang lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan motivasi intrinsik mahasiswa (0,444). Pelatihan fasilitator pada blok Musculoskeletal System and Disorders menunjukkan arah yang positif tetapi tidak memiliki kemaknaan secara praktis sehingga masih banyak yang perlu ditingkatkan. Hubungan peran fasilitator lebih kuat terhadap efektifitas diskusi kelompok dibandingkan dengan motivasi intrinsik mahasiswa. Kata Kunci: keefektifan diskusi kelompok, perilaku tutor, motivasi intrinsik mahasiswa The facilitator training is one of methods to optimize the role of facilitator in group discussions in order to increase the effectiveness of the discussion. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of group discussions and student intrinsic motivation due to the effect of optimizing the role of facilitator in the block Musculoskeletal System and Disorders. The facilitator training was carried out in middle of the block with 5 participants (facilitators) who were as tutor on the block. Each block discussion (10 times) both before and after the training, the students (55 people) were given a questionnaire comprise description of the facilitator behavior, the effectiveness of group discussion and intrinsic motivation of the students. Questionnaire data were analyzed with the Cohens'd and Pearson correlation using SPSS ver.16. The effectiveness of group discussion in general was indicated by mean value which was slightly increased from 3.77 to 3.83 after training, it showed a positive effect although was not significant in practice (Cohen 's d 0.28 ). While, the mean value of the facilitator behavior during the discussions was slightly decreased from 3.89 to 3.81 after training, also with no significant difference in practice. In addition, the intrinsic motivation of students was also slightly decreased from 5.02 to 4.99 after training. Pearson correlation test showed the effectiveness of the facilitator role and discussion group (0.541) had a stronger relationship than the intrinsic motivation of students ( 0.444 ). The training of facilitators on the block Musculoskeletal System and Disorders showed a positive effect although it was not significant. Therefore, improvement in some aspects are still required. Keywords: Effectiveness of group discussion, the behavior of the tutor, student intrinsic motivation.
Kemudahan dan Efek Samping Penggunaan Inserter Baru (R_inserter) Untuk Pemasangan IUD CuT-380A Pascasalin Kadek Agus Kurniawan
WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) Vol 1 No 2 (2016): November 2016
Publisher : Warmadewa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/wmj.1.2.26.51-57

Abstract

Latar belakang penelitian ini didasari oleh penggunaan IUD di Indonesia yang relatif rendah yakni 7,2% dari seluruh pemakaian alat kontrasepsi. Selama ini pemasangan IUD yang baku adalah mengunakan prinsip ”no touch and withdrawl technique”. IUD pascasalin yang sekarang digunakan adalah IUD biasa dimana panjang insertor tidak sesuai dengan kedalaman rongga rahim sehingga prinsip di atas tidak bisa dilakukan, dan keadaan ini  dapat meningkatkan risiko infeksi. Oleh karena itu penulis berusaha membuat insertor baru yang sesuai dengan kedalaman uterus pascasalin. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui apakah IUD R_inserter baru ini bisa dipasang secara no touch dan withdrawl technique dengan mudah dan untuk mengetahui efek samping yang terjadi. Metode yang digunakan merupakan Uji klinis fase II, post test observation. Selama kurun waktu 9 bulan pengamatan diperoleh 142 klien yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Lama pemasangan rata-rata adalah 3,89 ± 2,08 menit dengan minimum 2 menit dan maksimum 10 menit. Tidak ada kesulitan yang dirasakan. Secara kumulatif kejadian ekspulsi dalam 3 dan 6 bulan masing-masing 9,9% dan 10,6%. Kejadian seperti nyeri, perdarahan dan infeksi relatif lebih kecil dan dapat diatasi. Angka kelangsungan selama 3 dan 6 berturut turut adalah 89,4% dan 86,6%. Tidak dijumpai perforasi dan kehamilan pada penelitian ini. Adapun kesimpulan yang bisa didapat dari IUD R_Inserter baru dapat dipasang dengan mudah. Angka kejadian tertinggi adalah ekspulsi terjadi dalam satu bulan pertama pasca pasang.Kata kunci: R_inserter, ekspulsi, angka kelangsungan. [The Easiness and Side Effect Using New Inserter (R_inserter) for Insertion of CuT-380A IUD During Postpartum Periods].The Background this study because the rate of IUD use in Indonesia is relatively low at 7.2% among all contraceptive user. The standard insertion of IUD should be a no touch and withdrawal technique. With the conventional inserter this IUD is not able to be used during postpartum period. The new inserter should be devised. Objectives spesific To find out whether the new R_inserter could be used to insert IUD during postpartum period in no touch and withdrawal technique easily and to find out side effects and complication that might occur. Study design for this riset phase II clinical trial, post test observation. During 9 months period of study has recruited as many as 142 clients who meet the eligibility criteria. Mean duration of insertions was 3,89 ± 2,08 minutes, with the minimum 2 minutes and the maximum 10 minutes. No difficulties were perceived by insertors. Cumulative expulsion rate were 9.9% and 10.6% for 3 and 6 months respectively. Continuation rates were 89.4% and 86.6% for 3 and 6 months respectively. No perforations, no pregnancy was found during this study and the conclusion is the new R_inserter could be used easily for CuT insersions. The highest incidence rates are expulsion occured in the first month after insersions.Keywords: R_inserter, expulsion, continuation rate.
The Characteristics of Opportunistic Infections Among AIDS Patiaents in BRSU Tabanan in 2019 Putu Prayoga Ratha
WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) Vol 4 No 2 (2019): November 2019
Publisher : Warmadewa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/wmj.4.2.1201.50-56

Abstract

According to WHO and UNAIDS report, there has been dramatic increase of HIV/AIDS cases in Indonesia. The objective of the study was to determine the distribution of opportunistic infections in people with HIV / AIDS and the use of antiretroviral drugs in the BRSU Tabanan from April to June 2019. Data revealed that the number of cases was as many as 126 patient which 55.6% were men and 44.4% were women. The highest age group was 30-39 years (39.4%), and 60.3% of patients still actively working , while the level of education mostly (58.7%) was moderate. Most of the patient (68.2%) were married and 79.3% of patients had CD4 levels
TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPA (TNF-α) LEVEL IN DENGUE FEVER (DF) PATIENS AND DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER (DHF) PATIENTS Ayu Savitri Siskayani
WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) Vol 3 No 2 (2018): November 2018
Publisher : Warmadewa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/wmj.3.2.685.61-64

Abstract

Dengue virus infection is still one of the health problems in tropical and subtropical regions. In its pathogenesis, some cytokines play an important role in the natural and adaptive immune response to the severity of dengue virus infection. Replication of dengue virus that activates macrophages will release cytokines for tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-12 (IL-12). This study aims to determine whether there are differences in mean TNF-α levels in DD and DHF patients. This study was an analytic observational study using cross sectional design, where blood samples were taken from 27 people with DD and 27 people with DHF. Serum TNF-α levels were analyzed by ELISA and TNF-α levels were analyzed statistically by Mann-Whitney test. The results showed the mean TNF-α level in DD patients was 76.82 ± 1.20 pg / mL and in DHF patients was 195.15 ± 30.30 pg / mL. This mean differed significantly (p
Taeniasis in Karangasem Regency, Bali Ni Wayan Winianti; Elsa Herdiana M; Mahardika Agus Wijayanti; Putu Sutisna; I Nengah Kapti; I Wayan Sudiarta
WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) Vol 3 No 1 (2018): May 2018
Publisher : Warmadewa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/wmj.3.1.651.1-5

Abstract

Abstract Taeniasis is an infectious disease caused by the tapeworm Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm), Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), and Taenia asiatica (Asian tapeworm). Purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between meat consumption, individual characteristics, and environmental factors with taeniasis. Case control study was used to identify taeniasis among two groups: people living at Datah village (personal livestock) and people living at Karangasem village (obtained their meat from traditional market or slaughterhouse). Each group consisted of 98 people. Two subjects from the case group were positive for taenia egg both by direct smear and Willy’s Malory floatation methods. Proportion of taeniasisinthe case group was 2.04%. The type of meat consumed, methods of meat processing, frequency of consumption, ways of obtaining meat, individual characteristics, and environmental factors which may contribute to Taenia infection could not be evaluated due to limited number of positive cases. Abstrak Taeniasis merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan karena adanya cacing pita Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm), Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), and Taenia asiatica (Asian tapeworm)di dalam tubuh manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsumsi daging, karakteristik individu dan faktor lingkungan dengan kejadian taeniasis. Jenis rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu case control antar 2 kelompok (penduduk di Desa Datah dan Kelurahan Karangasem, Kabupaten Karangasem, Bali). Kelompok kasus yaitu penduduk Desa Datah yang memenuhi kriteria kasus (mengkonsumsi daging dari hewan ternak pribadi), sedangkan kelompok kontrol yaitu penduduk di Kelurahan Karangasem yang memenuhi kriteria untuk kontrol (mengkonsumsi daging dari membeli di pasar atau tempat pemotongan hewan). Tiap kelompok terdiri dari 98 orang. Metode pemeriksaan feses dengan metode langsung dan pengapungan. Terdapat 2 orang yang positif taeniasis dari kelompok kasus, dengan ditemukan telur Taenia sp. pada pemeriksaan langsung dan pengapungan. Hubungan jenis daging, cara pengolahan, frekuensi mengkonsumsi dan cara memperoleh daging, karakteristik individu dan faktor lingkungan dengan kejadian taeniasis tidak dapat dianalisis secara statistic.
Pemberian Susu Sapi Formula (Enfamil A+1® dan SGM Ananda Presinutri®) Tidak Meningkatkan Estrogen dan Tidak Menurunkan Testosteron pada Bayi Tikus Putih (Rattusnorvegicus) Galur Wistar Jantan Anggrieni Wisni
WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) Vol 2 No 1 (2017): Mei 2017
Publisher : Warmadewa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/wmj.2.1.71.11-18

Abstract

Kandungan fitoestrogen dalam susu formula kedelai dan estrogen pada formula pengganti cair telah terbukti meningkatkan estrogen darah dan menurunkan testosteron. Penekanan testosteron pada masa fetus akan menyebabkan terjadinya berbagai kelainan reproduksi. Dari analisis laboratorium diketahui susu Enfamil A+1® mengandung fitoestrogen sebanyak 1,54 pg/g dan estrogen sebanyak 2,04 pg/g, sedangkan susu SGM Ananda Presinutri® mengandung fitoestrogen sebanyak 1,48 pg/g dan estrogen sebanyak 1,87 pg/g. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian susu sapi formula terhadap kadar hormon estrogen dan testosteron pada bayi tikus putih galur Wistar jantan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental murni post-test only control group design menggunakan 27 ekor bayi tikus jantan yang dibagi secara random menjadi 3 kelompok. Kelompok Kontrol diberi air susu ibu tikus bayi wistar (ASI) ad libitum dan akuabidest. Kelompok Perlakuan 1 (P1) diberi ASI ad libitum dan Enfamil A+1®. Kelompok Perlakuan 2 (P2) diberi ASI ad libitum dan SGM Ananda Presinutri®. Penelitian dilakukan selama 18 hari sejak bayi tikus berusia 3 hari. Kadar hormon estrogen dan testosteron diukur dengan metode Enzyme-linked Immonosorbent Assay (ELISA).  Kadar estrogen rata-rata kelompok kontrol adalah 26,5689 ±4,76152  kelompok P1 adalah 25,5322 ±7,26736 dan kelompok P2 adalah 30,8356 ±6,78459. Kadar estrogen kelompok P1 dan P2 dibanding kontrol adalah tidak berbeda bermakna dengan p=0,194. Kadar tetosteron rata-rata kelompok kontrol adalah 0,4978 ±0,05826 ng/ml, kelompok P1 adalah 0,4800 ±0,07297 ng/ml dan kelompok P2 adalah  0,3856 ±0,18702 ng/ml. Kadar testosteron kelompok P1 dan P2 dibanding kontrol adalah tidak berbeda bermakna dengan nilai p=0,127. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pemberian susu sapi formula Enfamil A+1® maupun SGM Ananda Presinutri® tidak meningkatkan kadar estrogen dan tidak menurunkan testosteron pada bayi tikus putih galur Wistar jantan.  Dalam arti klinis dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ASI bersama susu sapi formula Enfamil A+1® maupun SGM Ananda Presinutri® ditinjau dari efek terhadap kadar hormon estrogen dan testosteron aman diberikan pada bayi tikus putih galur wistar jantan.Kata kunci: Susu sapi formula, Enfamil A+1®, SGM Ananda Presinutri®, estrogen, testosteron. [The Administration of Formula Cowmilk (Enfamil A+1® and SGM Ananda Presinutri®) Did Not Increase Estrogen Level Nor Reduced Testosteron Level in Male Albino Rat (Rattusnorvegicus) Wistar Strain Baby].Phytoestrogenconcentration of soy-based formula milk and estrogen in liquid replacement  formula milk proved to increase blood estrogen and reduce testosterone.  Pressure to testosterone during fetus stage could cause various reproduction disorder. Laboratoryanalysis showed that Enfamil A+1® contained phytoestrogen as much as 1.54 pg/g and estrogen as much as 2.04 pg/g, while SGM Ananda Presinutri® contained phytoestrogen as much as 1.48 pg/g and estrogen as much as 1.87 pg/g. The research was aimed to observe the effect of formula milk administration to the level of estrogen and testosterone level in male albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain baby. The research was true experimental post-test only control group design using 27 male white rat baby agregated randomly into 3 groups.  The control group was fed with breast milk adlibitum and aquabidest.  The first treatment group (P1) was fed with breast milk adlibitum and Enfamil A+1®.  The second treatment group (P2) was fed with breast milkadlibitum and SGM Ananda Presinutri®.  The research was carried out for 18 days since baby rat was 3 days old.  The average concentration of estrogen in control group was 26.5689 ±4.76152 pg/ml, while P1 and P2 group had average concentrations of 25.5322 ±7.26736 pg/ml and 30.8356 ±6.78459 pg/ml respectively.  The estrogen level of P1 and P2 group was not significanly difference than control group with level of p=0.194. Average testosterone levels of control group, P1 group and P2 group were 0.4978 ±0.05826 ng/ml, 0.4800 ±0.0729 ng/ml and 0.3856 ±0.18702 ng/ml respectively.  Testosterone level of P1 and P2 group was not significantly difference with level of p=0.127. The research concluded that administration of Enfamil A+1® formula milk or SGM Ananda Presinutri® formula milk did not increase estrogen level and did not reduce testosterone level to male Wistar strain rat baby. In clinical ways can be concluded that the administrasion of Enfamil A+1® and SGM Ananda Presinutri® was safe in observation of estrogene and testosterone level to male Wistar strain rat baby.Keywords: formula cowmilk, Enfamil A+1®, SGM Ananda Presinutri®, estrogen, testosterone.

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