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INDONESIA
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14101637     EISSN : 25484788     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 509 Documents
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Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Petani dalam Pengendalian Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan melalui Analisis Jalur Sunarru Samsi Hariadi
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 12, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11965

Abstract

The objective of the research was to know the factors influencing farmers' behavior in pest and disease control. Different control methods were practiced by farmers, such as resistant varieties, cultural techniques, biological control, and chemical control. In thisresearch, a survey method was used, total of farmer respondents were 60 people. Results of the research showed that factors influencing farmers' behavior in pest and disease control were age, perception, and work motivation. The increasing age of the farmers resulted better behavior in pest and disease control. A better perception of farmers towards pest and disease control, resulted better behavior in pest and disease control. The increasing work motivation of farmers, resulted better behavior in pest and disease control. Therefore, agricultural extension methods had to be developed by Field Extension Workers to increase work motivation and perception of famers, especially through farmer groups. Agricultural extension activities were best not only to increase farmers' knowledge, but also ability to control plant pest and disease, by using participal method in pleasure situation.
Deteksi Penyakit Bacterial Fruit Blotch pada Melon Menggunakan ELISA Utik Windari; Tri Joko; Siti Subandiyah
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 19, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2733.632 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.16012

Abstract

Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) caused by Acidovorax citrulli is a serious seedborne disease in Cucurbitaceae causing 90-100% yield losses. The aim of this study was to explore BFB symptom on melon and also to detect A. citrulli infection in commercial seed and symptomatic fruits from the field in Yogyakarta Special Region province and its surrounding using DAS-ELISA method. Samples include melon from Sleman, Bantul, Kulon Progo, Gunung Kidul, Magelang, Purworejo regencies while commercial seeds i.e. Action 434, Glamour and Mai 116 were collected. DASELISA detection method used reagent set from Agdia. Based on the field observation, this study found melon commercial fruit shares similar symptom with BFB, which showed discrete oily dark green spots, while the netting failed to develop over necrotic areas, resulting in smooth sunken spots. DAS-ELISA detection revealed that samples collected from Jetak village, district of Mungkid, Magelang and from Bligo village, district of Ngluwar, Magelang and in commercial seed Mai 116 were positively infected by A. citrulli.INTISARIBacterial fruit blotch (BFB) merupakan penyakit penting pada famili Cucurbitaceae yang disebabkan oleh Acidovorax citrulli. Penyakit ini dilaporkan dapat menurunkan hasil mencapai 90-100%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gejala penyakit BFB pada melon dan deteksiA. citrulli pada benih komersial dan sampel buah bergejala dengan metode DAS-ELISA di DIY dan sekitarnya. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di kabupaten Sleman, Bantul, Kulon Progo, Gunung Kidul, Purworejo dan Magelang. Selain dari lapangan, diuji pula benih melon komersial yaitu Action-434, Glamour dan Mai 116. Metode deteksi dengan ELISA menggunakanreagent set dari Agdia. Dari hasil pengamatan di lapangan ditemukan buah melon dengan gejala yang mirip dengan gejala BFB yaitu adanya becak berwarna hijau tua kebasahan pada permukaan buah, jaring tidak terbentuk sempurna dan pada bagian daging buah di bawah becak tadi membusuk. Hasil deteksi dengan DAS-ELISA mengindikasikan bahwa A. citrulli terdeteksi pada sampel yang berasal dari desa Bligo, kecamatan Ngluwar dan desa Jetak, kecamatan Mungkid, kabupaten Magelang, serta pada benih komersial MAI 116.
Pengendalian Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Pisang dengan Inokulasi Jamur Mikoriza Vesikular Arbuskular pada Bibit Suryanti Suryanti; Arif Wibowo; Christanti Sumardiyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 9, No 2 (2003)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (9375.633 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12231

Abstract

Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum fsp. cubense is the most important and destructive disease on banana. The pathogen is soil-borne and can survive in soil without the occurence of the host. The Vesicular Arbuscular Mychorriza (VAM) is a symbiotic associated fungi and plant roots. The VAM which infected plant can induce the resistance to pathogen. Banana seedlings obtained from tissue culture one free from pathogen. The seedling was inoculated with VAM to induce the resistance to Fusarium wilt disease. The result showed that the seedling inoculated with VAM can reduce diseases intensity of Fusarium wilt on banana.
Intensitas dan Luas Serangan Beberapa Isolat Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi pada Jahe Gajah Hermawati Cahyaningrum; Nur Prihatiningsih; Soedarmono Soedarmono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 21, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2940.072 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.17743

Abstract

Ginger is one of the spices and medicinal commodities which is cultivated in Indonesia. One of the obstacles encountered in the cultivation of ginger is the rhizome rot disease which is mainly caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. zingiberi Trujillo. This study is aimed to know the growth ability and virulence level of the isolates on ginger rhizome and plants. The research was conducted in the laboratory and in the screen house by using Complete Random Design consisted of 10 treatments and 4 replications. The parameters observed were growth ability of F. oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi, rhizome rot disease symptoms, incubation period, extensive decay and weight difference of the rhizomes. The results showed that F. oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi which was stored for 4 years in sterile soil medium was still capable to cause damage to the rhizome and plants. Incubation periods of rhizome decay and plant symptoms were from 3 to 11.5 and 55.5 to 68.5 days, respectively. The most virulent isolate was MSO1 with extensive decay of rhizome and the wilting intensity were 108.95 mm2 dan 33.88%, respectively. IntisariJahe merupakan salah satu komoditas rempah dan obat yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi dalam budidaya jahe adalah adanya gangguan penyakit busuk rimpang yang disebabkan (terutama) oleh Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. zingiberi Trujillo. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji daya tumbuh dan virulensi isolat F. oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi pada rimpang dan tanaman jahe gajah. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium dan di rumah kasa menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) yang masing-masing terdiri dari 10 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi daya tumbuh F. oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi, gejala penyakit busuk rimpang, masa inkubasi, luas pembusukan dan selisih bobot basah rimpang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa F. oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi yang telah di simpan 4 tahun dalam medium tanah steril mampu menyebabkan kerusakan pada rimpang dan tanaman jahe. Masa inkubasi gejala busuk pada rimpang serta gejala pada tanaman masing- masing berkisar antara 3–11,5 serta 55,5–68,5 hari. Isolat yang paling virulen adalah MSO1 dengan nilai luas pembusukan pada rimpang dan intensitas penyakit masing-masing sebesar 108,95 mm2 dan 33,88%.
Memahami Prinsip Ambang Penyakit Serangga dalam Konteks Epizootiologi F. X. Susilo
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 6, No 2 (2000)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12368

Abstract

Disease phenomena in insect population can be understood through epizootic modeling. In a pathosystem, disease is generated by transmission (ρ) and is decayed by death (μ). Mass incidence and decay of disease depend on the disease threshold density (St*) which inherently possesses three traits. First, if the density of susceptible insects (St) > St* then disease incidence (It) will increase ( ΔIt > 0 ). Second, if St < St*, then It will decrease ( ΔIt < 0 ). Third, if St = St* then there will be no new infection ( ΔIt = 0 ). Threshold density can be determined monocyclically through laboratory bioassays and polycyclically through field observation. The values of μ and ρ, which are the principal components of monocyclic threshold density, may indicate whether the corresponding entomopathogen is the better candidate for microbial insecticide or, otherwise, even better as the biological control agent (natural enemy). Meanwhile, the concept of polycyclic threshold density highlights the importance of incorporation of sampling of infected insects into the existing agro-ecosystem monitoring scheme.
Quorum Sensing: Suatu Sistem Komunikasi Bakteri Fitopatogen, Peranannya Pada Proses Infeksi, dan Peluangnya sebagai Basis Pengembangan Strategi Baru dalam Pengendalian Penyakit Tumbuhan Hadiwiyono Hadiwiyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 15, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11765

Abstract

Previously, it is thought that bacterium is an autonomous unicellular organism with no capacity for collective behavior. Now the paradigm has changed since there are communication between intercell bacteria. The phytopathogenic bacteria are able to regulate gene expression which play an important role in infection process in the host plant. The gene expression regulation involves an intercell communication in the population and this is called as quorum sensing (QS). This paper reviews the QS as a communication system of phythopathogenic bacteria, its role in infection process on the host plant, and its opportunity as the basis of novel strategy development on plant disease control.
The Biological Activity of Kumchura Rhizome to Melon Fly: I. Crude Kumchura Bioactivity Edhi Martono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 2, No 2 (1996)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12884

Abstract

Kumchura (Kaempferia galanga, L.) rhizome, a herbal medicine and condiment used in many Asian countries, was known to possess licicidal quality. To ensure whether this quality extend to other insects, kumchura rhizome preparation was applied to eggs, larvae and adults of the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Coquillet. Crude preparation of the rhizome was mixed with larval diet which was also served as a common artificial egg-hatching medium. The preparation proved to be ovicidal at minimum concentration ratio of 1 :4, kumchura:larval diet. No such larvicidal effects were seen at the same ratio, the effects observed were larval development inhibition and delay. In the repellency tests, proportionally less melon flies were found on diet containing kumchura, but no effect on oviposition was observed.
Pengaruh Perlakuan Uap Air Panas dengan Sistem Pemanasan Terbuka terhadap Kesehatan dan Viabilitas Benih Jagung Singgih Kurniawan; Ani Widiastuti; Y. M. S. Maryudani
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 14, No 2 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11884

Abstract

The existence of seed-borne fungi could degrade the seed quality in its viability and may cause disease after planting. The aim of this research was to know the hot vapor treatment effectiveness in controlling that fungal disease and its influence to the viability of corn seed. The treatment effectiveness was measured based on the reduction of the fungal growth and sporulation on Potato DextroseAgar (PDA), the fungal infection on seed, and not reduced the seed viability significantly after treatment. Hot vapor treatment was done in 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C temperature for 20 minutes and a control. The temperature treatments cover 5 minutes of antecedent treatment in the form of appliance warm-up until the target temperature obtained, 10 minutes in the treatment drum and 5 minutes for resting time while the faucet is being shut down but the exhaust fan remain to be opened. Result of the research show that in vitro test of hot water vapor on 60oC and 70oC killed Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Fusarium sp., and Penicillium sp. isolates. Both of the temperatures reduced the corn seed viability significantly. Infection of A. flavus still dominant in corn seed after treated on the three temperatures.The hot vapor treatment with 50oC is good for seed treatment of 408.9 g corn seed although the seed had been stored for about 9 months.
Pengendalian Kimia dan Ketahanan Colletotrichum spp. terhadap Fungisida Simoksanil pada Cabai Merah Niken Rasmi Paramita; Christanti Sumardiyono; Sudarmadi Sudarmadi
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 18, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.15601

Abstract

Colletotrichum sp. is an important pathogen on pepper and caused losses up to 50-100% in rainy season. The objectives of this study is to examine the ability of Curxanil 8/64WP (mixed fungicides between cymoxanil and mancozeb 8/64) in controlling Colletotrichum sp., and to know the resistance of the pathogen against fungicides in vitro. Field experiment was arranged in Complete Randomized Block Design with five treatments i. e. 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4% of each tested fungicide, compared with 0.2% mancozeb, with four replications. Fungicides toxicity were tested in vitro using Poisoned Food Technique. This experiment was arranged in Complete Randomized Design with eight treatments i.e. 0, 50, 100, 200, 800, 1000, 1500, 2000 ppm of mancozeb, cymoxanil, and curxanil with four replications. Fungicides resistance assay of Colletotrichum sp. against Curxanil was tested using the same method with gradually increasing fungicide concentrations.The results showed that in the field, anthracnose disease of red pepper can be controlled with 0.2% Curxanil. In vitro test showed that mancozeb at 800 ppm inhibited 98.8% colony diameter of Colletotrichum sp., while cymoxanil at 2000 ppm only reduced 37.2%. Colletotrichum sp. treated with gradually increasing concentration of Curxanil showed that its colony diameter could not be reduced and still grew 52.6% compared with one time treatment. This showed that Colletotrichum sp. had a potency to be resistant against cymoxanil. This problem can be avoided by mixing cymoxanil and mancozeb fungicides.  Colletotrichum sp. adalah jamur patogen penting pada cabai merah. Kehilangan hasil mencapai 50-100% pada musim hujan. Pengendalian yang selama ini dilakukan adalah dengan fungisida. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menguji kemampuan fungisida Curxanil 8/64 WP (campuran simoksanil dengan mankozeb 8/64 WP) di lapangan dalam mengendalikan Colletotrichum spp. Penelitian lapangan disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan yaitu Curxanil dengan konsentrasi 0, 0,1, 0,2, 0,3, 0,4 %, dan mankozeb 0,2 % sebagai pembanding, dengan 4 ulangan. Percobaan di laboratorium bertujuan untuk menguji kemampuan fungisida Curxanil dengan mankozeb terhadap perkembangan koloni jamur patogen dan menguji ketahanan Colletotrichum spp. terhadap fungisida. Uji daya racun fungisida in vitro dirancang dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 8 perlakuan yaitu 0, 50, 100, 200, 800, 1000, 1500, 2000 ppm dengan menggunakan Teknik Makanan Beracun. Uji ketahanan Colletotrichum spp. terhadap fungisida dilakukan dengan menumbuhkan patogen pada PDA dengan konsentrasi Curxanil yang dinaikkan secara bertahap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fungisida Curxanil mampu mengendalikan patogen pada konsentrasi 0,2 % di lapangan. Mankozeb 800 ppm dapat menghambat perkembangan koloni Colletotrichum spp., 98,8%. Campuran simoksanil dengan mankozeb pada 50 ppm sudah dapat menghambat 100%, sedangkan simoksanil tidak dapat menghambat perkembangan koloni Collletotricum spp. Sampai dengan 2000 ppm diameter koloni hanya terhambat 32,7%. Jamur Colletotrichum spp. menunjukkan kecenderungan ketahanan terhadap simoksanil setelah diperlakukan berulang kali dan masih dapat tumbuh 52,6%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kemunculan strain Colletotrichum spp. tahan simoksanil dapat dihambat dengan fungisida campuran simoksanil dengan mankozeb. 
Karakter Populasi Wereng Hijau, Nephotettix virescens (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) di Wilayah Endemi dan Non Endemi Penyakit Tungro Padi Supriyadi Supriyadi; Kasumbogo Untung; Andi Trisyono; Triwibowo Yuwono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 10, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12203

Abstract

The objectives of this research were to determine the species composition, distribution pattern and virus transmission properties of N. virescens. Sweep net sampling of the leafhopper and others tungro vectors population were conducted from endemic areas in Central Java, East Java and Bali and also non endemic areas from Central Java and East Java. The species composition and distribution pattern of the leafhopper were studied in seedbeds and early stage of rice crop (30 days after transplanting). Inoculation test using Cisadane seedlings was conducted to determine the efficiency of virus transmission by N. virescens colonies. Four tungro virus vectors were found in all areas, namely N. virescens, N. nigropictus, N. malayanus, and Recilia sp. The domination of N. virescens occurred either in the endemic area or the non endemic areas. However, the domination of N. virescens did not correlate with the occurrence of the disease in the endemic area. The distribution pattern of N. virescens was regular. The number of N. virescens active transmitter in the endemic area was higher than that in the non-endemic areas. In addition, the female of N. virescens was more efficient in transmitting the tungro virus than that of the male.

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