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INDONESIA
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14101637     EISSN : 25484788     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 509 Documents
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Keragaman Semut pada Ekosistem Tanaman Kakao di Desa Banjaroya Kecamatan Kalibawang Yogyakarta Moh. Ikbal; Nugroho Susetya Putra; Edhi Martono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 18, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.15607

Abstract

This study aims to determine the diversity of ants in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) ecosystems in six hamlets in the village of Banjaroya, District Kalibawang Yogyakarta. The sampling was carried out by the method of feeding ants using tuna and sugar solution, which is placed on the cacao tree and the ground surface; pit-fall traps; and direct picking by hand. Six sub-family of ants, namely Cerapachynae, Dolichoderinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, and Pseudomyrmicinae were found. Six of the most abundant genera found in each catchment were Dolichoderus sp., Anoplolepis sp., Paratrechina sp., Crematogaster sp., Pheidole sp., and Pheidologeton sp., which is known to be aggressive and invasive. The analysis showed that the diversity of ant communities in the Village Banjaroya categorized as medium (H ‘> 1-3), meaning that the overall state of the ecosystem of the cocoa crop was classified as stable or steady. Meanwhile, the results of the analysis of the dominance index (C) shows that the community of ants in each village tends was tended to be dominated by a single species (C close to 0). The relationship between habitat condition and the diversity of ant was discussed in this article.  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman semut pada ekosistem kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) di 6 dusun di Desa Banjaroya, Kecamatan Kalibawang Yogyakarta. Pengambilan sampel semut dilakukan dengan metode pengumpanan menggunakan ikan tuna dan larutan gula yang diletakkan pada pohon kakao dan permukaan tanah; lubang perangkap; dan pemungutan dengan tangan. Enam subfamili semut, yaitu Cerapachynae, Dolichoderinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, dan Pseudomyrmicinae telah ditemukan di lokasi pengambilan sampel. Enam genus yaitu Dolichoderus sp., Anoplolepis sp., Paratrechina sp., Crematogaster sp., Pheidole sp. dan Pheidologeton sp. yang dikenal agresif dan invasif, ditemukan paling melimpah di setiap dusun. Hasil analisis keragaman komunitas semut di Desa Banjaroya menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan keadaan ekosistem pada tanaman kakao masih tergolong stabil atau mantap dikategorikan sebagai medium (H’>1-3). Sementara itu, hasil analisis indeks dominasi (C) menunjukkan bahwa komunias semut pada setiap dusun cenderung didominasi oleh satu spesies (C mendekati 0). Hubungan antara kondisi habitat dengan keragaman semut didiskusikan dalam tulisan ini.
Daya Tahan Hidup Pseudomonas putida Strain Pf-20 dalam Beberapa Macam Inokulum Yenny Wuryandari; Triwidodo Arwiyanto; Bambang Hadisutrisno; I. Hartana
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 10, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12211

Abstract

For any crop-protection agent, an efficient formulation is a necessity to translate laboratory activity into adequate field performance. There are particular challenges to be faced in formulation of biological control agents, because the active ingredient is a living organism that must be kept relatively immobile and inactive while in storage, but quickly resume its  normal metabolic processes once applied to the target site. The objective of the research was  to study survival of Pseudomonas putida strain Pf-20 in various formulations at the storage  time and germination. The twelve formulations include carriers, additives and concentration  of Pf-20. The efficacy of various formulation in maintaining the population of Pf-20 in storage was assessed. The research result showed that population of Pf 20  in the formulation  number seven was the highest, with the combination peat+talc, CMC+arginin and  concentration of Pf[20 10^10 CFU/ml. In peat+talc, CMC+arginin, Pf-20 10^10  CFU/ml based formulation the bacteria survived even up to 84 days of storage although the population declined. In all formulations, population of Pf-20 increased at the time of seed germination. At the time of seed germination, formulation number seven was the highest too.
Pengaruh Stomata dan Klorofil pada Ketahanan Beberapa Varietas Jagung terhadap Penyakit Bulai Christine Agustamia; Ani Widiastuti; Christanti Sumardiyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 20, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.17703

Abstract

Resistant varieties are more advisable for controlling maize downy mildew compared with fungicides which is not effective and not environmentally friendly. This study is aimed to determine resistance of some varieties of maize against downy mildew. The maize varieties used were BS 0114, BS 0214, BS 0314, PAC 105, Sweet Corn and BISI 2. The parameters measured were disease incidence and intensity, chlorophyll content of leaves, stomatal density and plants dry weight. Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results indicated that PAC 105, BS 0214 and BS 0314 were resistant varieties, while BS 0114, Sweet Corn and BISI 2 were susceptible. PAC 105 variety has the lowest stomatal density (65.353/mm2), and Sweet Corn variety has the highest stomatal density (110.79/mm2). Stomatal density was positively correlated with the disease intensity. Higher disease intensity has lower chlorophyll content compared with the lower intensity. PAC 105 variety has the highest chlorophyll content and plant dry weight, while Sweet Corn variety has the lowest chlorophyll content and plant dry weight. INTISARI Penggunaan varietas tahan bulai lebih dianjurkan digunakan dalam pengendalian penyakit bulai pada jagung dibandingkan dengan penggunaan fungisida karena tidak efektif dan tidak ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketahanan beberapa varietas jagung terhadap penyakit bulai. Varietas yang digunakan meliputi BS 0114, BS 0214, BS 0314, PAC 105, jagung manis, dan BISI 2. Parameter yang diamati adalah insidensi dan intensitas penyakit, kandungan klorofil setelah inokulasi, kerapatan stomata dan berat kering tanaman. Data yang diperoleh diuji dengan analisis varians (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut dengan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian rumah kaca menunjukkan bahwa varietas PAC 105, BS 0214 dan BS 0314 merupakan varietas tahan, sedangkan varietas BS 0114, jagung manis dan BISI 2 merupakan varietas yang rentan. Varietas tahan PAC 105 memiliki kerapatan stomata paling rendah yaitu 65,353/mm2, dan kerapatan stomata paling tinggi dimiliki oleh varietas rentan yaitu jagung manis dengan kerapatan 110,79/mm2. Kerapatan stomata berkorelasi positif dengan intensitas penyakit dengan koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,72526. Semakin rendah intensitas penyakit bulai kandungan klorofil dan berat kering yang semakin tinggi. Varietas PAC 105 yang mempunyai intensitas penyakit paling rendah , mempunyai kandungan klorofil dan berat kering tertinggi, sedangkan varietas jagung manis mempunyai kandungan klorofil dan berat kering terendah.
Tanggapan Helicoverpa armigera terhadap Infeksi Subletal Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus dan Dampaknya terhadap Laju Reproduksi Gita Pawana; Tjandra Anggraeni; Anna Laksanawati H.D.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 6, No 2 (2000)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12387

Abstract

The study on responses of Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. to sublethal HaNPV (H. armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus) infection was carried out in the laboratory. The reproduction rate was scrutinized as their impact of HaNPVs exposures. Fifth instar of H. armigera larval was orally infected on sublethal serial dilution of HaNPV (1,800; 180; 18; 1.8; 0.18; 0.018 ppm from stock concentration of 1.1 X 10^9 PIB per ml suspension). A significantly female pupal weight forms the response of H. armigera to sublethal HaNPV infection on the concentration tested. However larval period, male pupal weight, pupal period, oviposition period, life span of imago, fecundity, fertility and survival did not significantly form the response of H. armigera to sublethal HaNPV infection. All treatment showed lower reproduction rate compared to the untreated, especially reproduction rate based on either debilitating effect and mortality or just based on debilitating effect.
Detection Survey of Khapra Beetle in Stored Agricultural Products in Central Java Suciati Hadi Wuryaningsih; Y. Andi Trisyono; Witjaksono Witjaksono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 15, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11761

Abstract

Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Evert (Celeoptera: Dermestidae) entered Central Java together with importation of stored products four decades ago. A survey was conducted to detect whether the Kaphra beetle existed in Central Java after they had been fumigated during commodity arrival. If the Kaphra beetle is absent, the data could be treated as the starting point toward declaring a pest free area (PFA) of Kaphra beetle in Central Java. The survey employed the procedure established in Australia, except this survey lasted for 11 months starting from April 2008 to February 2009. Insect traps (Trécé Incorporation, Oklahoma, USA) were placed in eight sites distributed in six districts identified as high risk for Kaphra beetle. The traps were substituted following the label. The traps were checked every 2–4 weeks making the total observations varying from 18–24 times, except one site (eight times). No Kaphra beetle was observed during this detection survey. This finding strongly suggests that Kaphra beetle is not present in Central Java. Survey should be continued to collect data sufficient to declare PFA of Kaphra beetle.
Pemanfaatan Antibodi Monoklonal dalam I-ELISA untuk Deteksi Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Pucuk Kelapa (Phytophthora palmivora) Susamto Somowiyarjo; Daisy Prapto Sriyanti; Mulyadi Mulyadi; Suryanti Suryanti; Y. M.S. Maryudani; Bambang Hadisutrisno
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 5, No 2 (1999)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12762

Abstract

Mice monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) against Phytophthora palmivora, Butl. (the pathogen of coconut bud rot) have been produced and tested. The selected hybridoma (Ab-PM.3) secreted monoclonal antibodies of IgM subclass and the titer in vitro of 10^2 - 1O^3, was employed to develop Indirect-Enzyme Linked lmmunosorbent Assay. This assay was able to differenciate coconut isolate of P. palmivora not only from cocoa and pepper isolate of the same species, but also from other fungus isolated from coconut bud rot diseased coconut (Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp., and Thielaviopsis sp.). This assay was able to differenciate P. pulmivora isolate from diseased coconut with those isolated from cocoa and pepper, and other fungus isolated from diseased coconut, thereby providing specific diagnostic tool for coconut bud rot which is needed for supporting the application of the concept of integrated pest mangement on coconut.
Susceptibility of The Asian Corn Borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin CRY1AC Aye Kyawt Kyawt Ei; Y. Andi Trisyono; Witjaksono Witjaksono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 14, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.11876

Abstract

The larval susceptibility of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), to a Bacillus thuringiensis protein (Cry1Ac) was evaluated using insect feeding bioassays. The founding population of O. furnacalis was originally collected from the experimental station of UGM at Kalitirto and had been reared in the laboratory for three generations using an artificial diet “InsectaLf”. The tested instars were exposed on diets treated with a series of concentrations of Cry1Ac for one week. The LC50 values on the seventh day after treatment for 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars were 7.79, 21.12, 113.66, and 123.17 ppm, respectively, showing that the higher the instars the lesser the susceptibility to Cry1Ac. When the neonates were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Cry1Ac (0.0583, 0.116, and 0.5830 ppm), growth and development of the surviving larvae were inhibited. The fecundity and viability of females produced from treated larvae decreased with increasing the concentrations. These findings indicate that Cry1Ac is toxic to larva of O. furnacalis and has chronic effects to larvae surviving from Cry1Ac ingestion.
Dampak Erupsi Merapi 2010 terhadap Serangga Penyerbuk Bunga Salak F. X. Wagiman; Ferryko Efendi; Tri Harjaka
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 18, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.15570

Abstract

The research was aimed at determining the impact of Merapi eruption in 2010 on pollinator insect of Salacca edulis. The research was conducted at Keringan hamlet, Wonokerto village, Turi District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Territory. Species and population of the insect were observed at salacca plantation that were damaged by Merapi eruption in 2010 in the following category: heavy damage, medium damage, light damage, and undamaged. Five respondents and 10 salacca plants/respondent were sampled for each of the damage category. Respondents were interviewed to understand their perception on the eruption impact against the pollinator insect. Results showed that the pollinator insect was Nodocnemis sp. The insect population was significantly influenced by the eruption. Population average on the damage category of heavy, medium, light, and undamaged were 8.59, 17.33, 31.35, and 61.10 individuals/flower, respectively. The insect population was also significantly influenced by the flower development, the highest population was observed on blooming stage (92.33 individuals/flower), while on stage of pre-and post blooming were 17.37 and 8.14 individuals/flower, respectively. The farmer respondents understood about the role of pollinator insect. They thought that the Merapi eruption influenced negatively to the pollinator insect. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak erupsi Merapi terhadap serangga penyerbuk bunga salak (Salacca edulis). Penelitian dilakukan di kebun salak di Dusun Keringan, Desa Wonokerto, Kecamatan Turi, Kabupaten Sleman, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, selama bulan Maret−Mei 2011. Jenis dan populasi serangga penyerbuk diamati in situ pada bunga salak yang belum mekar, mekar, dan lewat mekar. Bunga salak diamati di kebun salak yang rusak akibat erupsi Merapi 2010 berdasarkan kategori rusak berat, rusak sedang, rusak ringan, dan tidak rusak. Pada setiap kategori kerusakan kebun diambil sampel 5 (lima) petani salak responden dan 10 pohon salak jantan yang berbunga diambil dari kebun milik masing-masing responden. Wawancara terhadap petani dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui kesan petani terhadap dampak erupsi Merapi terhadap serangga penyerbuk bunga salak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis serangga penyerbuk adalah Nodocnemis sp. Populasi Nodocnemis sp. secara signifikan (P <0.05) dipengaruhi oleh erupsi Merapi. Rerata populasi (ekor/tandan bunga jantan) pada kebun yang rusak berat, rusak sedang, rusak ringan, dan tidak rusak sebesar 8,59; 17,33; 31,35; dan 61,10. Populasi Nodocnemis sp. juga dipengaruhi oleh tingkat perkembangan bunga salak; paling tinggi pada bunga mekar (92,33 ekor/tandan bunga jantan), sedang pada bunga belum mekar dan lewat mekar sebesar 17,37 dan 8,14 ekor/tandan bunga jantan. Petani responden paham tentang peran serangga penyerbuk bunga salak dan berkesan bahwa erupsi Merapi berdampak negatif terhadap serangga  penyerbuk tersebut. 
Deteksi Bakteri Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis pada Benih Tomat Komersial yang Beredar di Indonesia Aswaldi Anwar; Satriyas Ilyas; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 10, No 2 (2004)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12118

Abstract

The existence of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), the pathogen causing bacterial canker, on 22 lots of tomato seeds distributed commercially in Indonesia was evaluated. Isolation of suspected Cmm colonies were conducted by agar dilution plating on semiselective SCM medium followed by confirmation of colony identity on YDC medium. Identity of suspected Cmm colony was confirmed using IF test, pathogenicity test on tomato seedlings, hypersensitivity test on leaf of Mirabilis jalapa and Nicotiana tabacum, ELISA, and Cmm specific DNA amplification by PCR. After seed extraction and evaluation of the extract on semi-selective SCM medium and confirmastion by IF test, at least six tomato seed lots were contaminated with Cmm. After more confirmation using pathogenicity and hypersensitivity test, ELISA, and PCR amplification, at least three seed lots were confirmed possitively to carry Cmm.
Utilization of Arbuscular Micorrhizal Fungi to Control Fusarium Wilt of Tomatoes Theodorsius Pedai; Bambang Hadisutrisno; Achmadi Priyatmojo
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 19, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.17255

Abstract

Tomato is a vegetable crop which is preferred by the Indonesian people. The problem encountered in tomato production is Fusarium wilt which is known as devastating disease. Studies have been done to solve the problem but effective and inexpensive control technique is still questioned. This study aimed to ascertain the ability of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi as biological control agent in reducing tomato Fusarium wilt. Research was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 10 replications. The treatments were untreated plants, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici inoculated plants, AM fungi inoculated plants, AM fungi + F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici inoculated plants, F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici + benomyl inoculated plants. The results showed that plants which were inoculated with AM fungi had better growth compared to those which were not inoculated with AM fungi. Moreover, plants which were inoculated with AM fungi showed lower disease intensity compared to untreated plant and inoculated plant with F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici + benomyl application. Orthogonal contrast analysis showed plants treated with AM fungi significantly perform better growth and resistance towards infection compared with other treatments. Thus, it concluded that AM fungi had the potency as biological control agent. INTISARITomat merupakan tanaman sayuran yang banyak digemari masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu pengganggu utama pada tomat adalah penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici dan menimbulkan masalah yang serius. Kerugian yang ditimbulkan oleh penyakit tersebut sangat besar sehingga perlu dicari cara pengendalian yang murah, efektif, dan aman. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan jamur mikoriza arbuskular (JMA) sebagai agens pengendali hayati dalam menekan penyakit layu Fusarium pada tomat ini dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dan 10 ulangan. Perlakuan meliputi kontrol, inokulasi F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, inokulasi JMA, inokulasi JMA dan F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, inokulasi F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici dan aplikasi fungisida benomil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tomat yang diinokulasi JMA memiliki pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dibandingkan yang tidak diinokulasi JMA. Intensitas penyakit pada tomat yang diinokulasi JMA lebih rendah, baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol maupun dengan perlakuan F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici dan aplikasi fungisida. Hasil analisis kontras orthogonal menunjukkan bahwa tomat bermikoriza berbeda nyata bila dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diinokulasi JMA maupun yang diaplikasi benomil. Terjadi peningkatan pertumbuhan tomat dan penekanan intensitas penyakit layu Fusarium, sehingga JMA berpotensi sebagai agens pengendali hayati (APH). 

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