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INDONESIA
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14101637     EISSN : 25484788     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 509 Documents
 38   39   40   41   42 
Selecting Primers for RAPD, Microsatellite and Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 for Genetic Variation Analysis of Asian Corn Borer (Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée) Population in Java, Indonesia Ahmad Taufiq Arminudin; Y. Andi Trisyono; Arman Wijonarko; Suputa Suputa
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 23, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.38285

Abstract

Primer plays an important role in studying genetic diversity of an insect species. This research was aimed to select the suitable primers to visualize the genetic diversity of Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), microsatellite, and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene (mtCO1). Twenty four RAPD primers (OPA1, OPA4, OPA7,OPA8, OPA10, OPA11, OPA12, OPA13, OPB7, OPB10, OPB11, OPB12, OPB15, OPC4, OPC5, OPC14, OPC16, OPC18, OPC20, OPD3, OPD8, OPD10, OPD13, OPD14) and five microsatellite primers (T3, T4, T5, T81, D25) resulted high polymorphic informations of the genetics of O. furnacalis in Java Indonesia. Universal primers, Lep and Heb were appropriateto do molecular identification of O. furnacalis based on BLAST system on GenBank and BOLD systems.
Collonization and Oviposition Preference of Six Weevil Species on Various Colors of Storage Container Ludji Pantja Astuti; Rommy Parcelino Prabowo; Akhmad Rizali; Mutala'liah Mutala'liah
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 23, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.40558

Abstract

Color preferences on post-harvest adult pests are useful for monitoring instrument development which based on the colonization and oviposition behavior. The research was aimed to determine the most attractive color with a certain wavelength for the test insects. The research was conducted in laboratory conditions of Plant Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pest and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya at 27 ± 2°C, RH 65 ± 5%; and day:light 12:12 hours. Study of color preferences on six species of weevil used free choice test method and set by CRD with four replications using eight colors: white, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and purple. The observed parameters were the number of adults and eggs laid. Results showed that each post-harvest insect had a different preference for various colors in the range of 380–450 nm wavelength. Adults of Sitophilus oryzae, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, O.s Mercator, and Tribolium castaneum were more preferred to feed and lay eggs in blue color (451–495 nm), Lasioderma serricorne was more preferred in indigo color (445–450 nm), and S. zeamais was more preferred in purple color (380–444 nm). The oviposition preference revealed that there was a positive correlation between the number of females and the egg laid.
Bacillus subtilis from Potato Rhizosphere as Biological Control Agent and Chili Growth Promoter Nur Prihatiningsih; Heru Adi Djatmiko; Erminawati Erminawati; Puji Lestari
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 23, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.40606

Abstract

Bacillus subtilis is an antagonist bacteria  that inhibits the growth of fungal and bacterial plant pathogens. The B. subtilis has roles as biocontrol agents and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). This research aimed to evaluate the potency of B. subtilis isolates (B209, B211, and B298) as a biocontrol agent to anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum spp.) and as PGPR to increase the growth of chili plants. The experiments were divided into two batches. The first batch was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the characteristics of B. subtilis (as biocontrol) and PGPR (phosphate solubility, producing IAA and nitrogen). The second batch was conducted in the field in Rempoah Village, Baturraden Regency, Banyumas District, with 5 treatments and 6 replications. Parameters observed were inhibition percentage to Colletotrichum spp., disease intensity, the component of PGPR, plant growth of chili, and phatosystem. The results showed that B209, B211, and B298 isolates inhibited the growth of Colletotrichum spp, with the highest inhibition percentage on B298. B209, B211, and B298 have characteristics as PGPR, i.e. the ability to soluble phosphate, to produce IAA and nitrogen. The ability of B298 to promote plant growth was shown by the increase of plant height, leaf number, plant dry mass, and dry root mass (38.0%, 54.7%, 61.7%, 61.8%, respectively). B298 and B211 could increase the fresh crop mass (41.2% and 37.1%) and fresh root mass (36.4% and 34.4%). B298 and B209 were similar in increasing the root length (25.2%). Root volume could be increased by 33.3% by applying B211 isolate. B209 was the best isolate to reduce anthracnose up to 80.36%.
Molecular Characterization of Begomovirus on Cucumber in Java Listihani Listihani; Tri Asmira Damayanti; Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat; Suryo Wiyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 23, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.41402

Abstract

A survey on several cucumber cultivation areas in West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, and East Java found many plants showing typical Begomovirus symptoms such as yellow mosaic, cupping, and vein banding. This study was aimed to determine disease frequency, detection and molecular characterization of the causal virus of those symptoms on cucumber in Java. Sampling was conducted by purposive sampling by collecting 50 symptomatic plants from each location in West Java (Indramayu, Subang, and Bogor), Central Java (Brebes and Klaten), Yogyakarta (Kulon Progo), and East Java (Nganjuk, Kediri, and Tulungagung). The detection and disease frequency was determined based on DIBA test using a specific antiserum of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) and Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV). The identification of nucleic acid was conducted by PCR using specific primer of ToLCNDV and SLCV, DNA cloning, and sequencing. The results of serological detection showed the disease frequency of ToLCNDV and SLCV ranged from 92.77-100% and 78.33-93.3%, respectively. PCR using specific primer of ToLCNDV successfully amplified the coat protein gene at a size of 600 bp from all samples. Homology nucleotide and amino acid sequences among ToLCNDV Java isolate ranging from 95.6-99.2% and 99.7-100%. ToLCNDV isolates Java had highest nucleotide and amino acid sequences similarity with cucumber isolate from Klaten, Indonesia (AB613825) ranging from 96.1-98.1% and 99.7-100%, and was considered as “Indonesia” strain. SLCV not amplified on all samples by PCR using specific primer, indicating it might not present yet on cucumber in Java.
Molecular Characterization of Betasatellite Associated with Begomovirus on Ageratum conyzoides in Magelang, Central Java Argawi Kandito; Sedyo Hartono; Sri Sulandari; Susamto Somowiyarjo
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 23, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.46579

Abstract

Ageratum conyzoides is one of the common weeds in Indonesia. The presence of weed can decrease plant yield by resource competition and its role as alternative hosts for pests and diseases, especially begomoviruses transmitted by whitefly. The aim of this research is to detect and characterize the begomovirus-beta satellite in A. conyzoides. A. conyzoides showed severe yellowing symptoms were collected from Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. Total DNA was extracted and analyzed using PCR method for begomovirus and beta satellite. Begomovirus detection was performed with universal primer Krusty-Homer, resulted a 500 bp DNA fragment. Betasatelit detection performed with specific primer β01/β02, resulted a 1300 bp DNA fragment, indicated presence of a beta satellite associated with the begomovirus. The sequence of begomovirus showed 95% similarity with Tomato Leaf Curl Java Virus (ToLCJaV). The sequence of beta satellites showed 85% similarity with Tomato Leaf Curl Betasatellite (ToLCB). Characterization of beta satellite showed three main characters of beta satellite, TAATATTAC stem-loop structure, Adenine-rich region, and 118 amino acids of putative ORF BC1. 
Antifungal Potency of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Endophytic Bacteria against Pathogenic Fungi Pyricularia oryzae Cav. Fitri Widiantini; Mia Rahmah Qadryani; Fuji Hartati; Endah Yulia
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 23, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.48392

Abstract

Blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cav. is one of the most important diseases on rice. One of the alternative controlling methods in P. oryzae is biological control through the utilization of secondary metabolites produced by endophytic bacteria. The study aimed to determine the antifungal potency of secondary metabolites produced by rice endophytic bacteria against P. oryzae. The experiment was conducted using 9 endophytic bacteria isolated rice (Os1, Os2, Os3, Os4, Os5, Os6, Os7, Os8, and Os10). Each isolates were grown in ISP2 liquid media and the secondary metabolites compounds were extracted using two different solvents; methanol and ethyl acetate : methanol (4:1) (v/v). The effect of secondary metabolites was tested using agar well diffusion method. The results demonstrated that the secondary metabolites extracted by both solvents have antifungal effect on the growth of P. oryzae. The highest growth inhibition was shown by secondary metabolites extracted by ethyl acetate : methanol (4:1) from Os1 (42%) and Os3 (39%). Antifungal activity of the secondary metabolites was indicated by the formation of clear zone. HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analysis showed the differences of peaks and retention time between secondary metabolites produced by Os1 and Os3 which has antifungal activity and secondary metabolites produced by Os10 that did not show the antifungal activity.
The Effect of Planting Distance and Depth of Water Puddle to Damage Intensity by Rice Yellow Stem Borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Relation to Microclimate Change Ulfah Nuzulullia; Edhi Martono; Y. Andi Trisyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 23, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.28612

Abstract

The rice yellow stemborer (Scirpophaga incertulas) is one of main pests on rice which may attack at all growth stages. The weather was considered one of influencing factors against its infestation. Therefore, this research was conducted to recognize microclimate factors affecting the infestation of S. incertulas. The experiment was carried out in Institute for Pest Forecasting, Jatisari Karawang from January-April 2017. The investigation was arranged in Factorial of Blocked Randomized Design with four repetitions and  combinations of treatment factors, i.e. planting distance (conventional and jajar legowo 2 : 1) and depth of puddle (5 cm, 0 cm, and intermittent). The observation was performed from one to 12 weeks after planting. At the same time, three weather factors (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) were observed in four West Java regencies i.e. in Bekasi, Karawang, Subang and Indramayu. The results showed that the conventional and the jajar legowo schemes are influenced by the micro air temperature.  Both planting distance and depth of water puddle treatment were influenced by the micro air temperature. Microclimate factors which influenced the intensity of infestation were air temperature, humidity, water temperature, and light intensity. The weather factor showing effects  in Bekasi, Karawang, and Indramayu was rainfall. However, the three weather factors did not affect on the acreage of pest infestation in Subang.
Detection and Control Bacteria Cause Grain Rot Burkholderia glumae on Rice Syahri Syahri; Renny Utami Somantri; Priatna Sasmita
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 23, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.37755

Abstract

Burkholderia glumae, before mid-2018, is categorized as plant quarantine pest A2 Group 1 that its existence has been detected in Indonesia. B. glumae  has been known to spread in the central production of rice in Java, Sumatra, Borneo dan Sulawesi. This review aimed to explain the strategies for B. glumae detection through its characteristics and to prevent the divergence  of this bacterium in Indonesia. The previous studies reported that the bacteria could reduce yield up to 75% and caused the decrease  of weight-grain or the increase  of empty grain. The disease intensity is affected by environmental and physiological factors such as warm temperature at nighttime and high rainfall intensity. The optimum temperature for the development of the disease is 30–35°C. Moreover, the pathogen could survive at a temperature of 41°C. The tropical area of 32-36°C are suitable for B. glumae. Recently, the effective control of the disease in the field has not been found yet. Meanwhile, early detection of the disease is not yet determined,  even though  it is necessary  to prevent its spread in rice cultivation in Indonesia. Detection of the disease by Agricultural Quarantine Agency as a frontline is needed to check the entry of the disease carried by the import activities of the seed. Detection in the suspected field by protection institutes through frequent surveillance in central production areas of rice should be considered  as an important task.. The effective techniques to prevent B. glumae are the use of resistant varieties, the practice of seed treatments (using antibacterial, bactericide, heat treatment or plant extract), and  the application of oxolinic acid to the crops.
Morphological and Molecular Characteristics of Pratylenchus coffeae from the Origin of Robusta Coffee Plantation in Malang, East Java Aris Budiman; Supramana Supramana; Giyanto Giyanto
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 23, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.42481

Abstract

Pratylenchus coffeae is the most important plant-parasitic nematode in Robusta coffee plantations. Information regarding morphology, morphometric and molecular characters of P. coffeae has not been reported in Indonesia. This study is aimed to describe those characters of P. coffeae that attack Robusta coffee. Root samples were taken from Robusta coffee plantation in Malang, East Java. Nematode extractions was conducted using a mist chamber method. Morphology and morphometric characters were observed from the permanent nematode slides. Single nematode DNA extract was amplified at the D2D3 segment of 28S rRNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA with universal primers. Amplicon was sequenced and analysed for phylogenetic tree relationships. Female morphological key character of P. coffeae observed are: lip with two annulations, four lateral lines, esophageal overlap with intestine ventrally, monodelphic, and truncated tail shape. Male spicules curved ventrally. Female morphometrics are: n=26, L = 556.4 μm, DGO = 2.4 μm, anterior gonad = 174.8 μm, a = 28.5, b = 6.1, b’ = 4.1, c = 20.1, c’ = 2.3, V = 81.7. A Male is smaller than a female with n=24, L = 505.9 μm,  a = 32.3, b = 5.5, b '= 3.9, c = 15.3, c' = 2.8 and T = 40.6. The molecular characters of P. coffeae were investigated for two isolates, namely SA1 and SA2.  Based on the D2D3 and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions, isolate SA1 has similarity level of 99% and 97% to the P. coffeae  from NCBI. Similar result was shown by Isolate SA2 with similarity of 100% and 100% respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis using Maximum Likelihood at the D2D3 segment of 28S rRNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions showed that P. coffeae in this study was included in one clade with P. coffeae from several countries.
Detection and Development of Infestation Rate of Aphelenchoides besseyi on Various Rice Seed Varieties Nikmatul 'Azizah; Siwi Indarti; Ani Widiastuti; Y. Andi Trisyono
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 23, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.45558

Abstract

Aphelenchoides besseyi is a seed borne nematode caused white tip disease. Infested rice seeds are beneficial inoculum source forA. besseyi widespread. The objective of this research was to determine the occurence and development of symptom level caused by A. besseyi in rice seed varieties. The research was done by detecting A. besseyi in rice seed using Hoshino and Togashi method and counting the nematode population in the seed; observing the incubation time and measuring disease incidence every week. The result revealed that A. besseyi was found in 16 of 17 varieties, i.e. R1 IR64, R2 IR64, R3 IR64, R1 Situbagendit, R2 Situbagendit, Inpari 33, R1 Memberamo, R2 Memberamo, R3 Memberamo, R1 Way Apo Buru, R2 Way Apo Buru, Mekongga, Pepe, Ketan, Sintanur, and Ciherang.A. besseyi infection increased every week in many varieties depend on quantitative (statistics) and qualitative (symptom) indicators. There were 4 varieties have to be investigate further because they were infested by A. besseyi>30 nematodes/100 seeds, i.e. R1 Way Apo Buru, R1 Situbagendit, Ketan and R3 IR 64. A practice that is also required is the elimination of A. besseyi inoculum in rice seed before cultivate.

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