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INDONESIA
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 25409573     EISSN : 25409581     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology (JTBB) is an authoritative source of information concerned with the advancement of tropical biology studies in the Southeast Asia Region. It publishes original scientific work related to a diverse range of fields in tropical biodiversity, functional biology, and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 327 Documents
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Pharmacological Maneuver of Mangrove Endophytic Fungi in the South China Sea – A review Manjula Muthu Narayanan; Pooja Shivanand; Norhayati Ahmad
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.69913

Abstract

Conventional products have a role in addressing the thriving universal demands for biologically active substances. Since the South China Sea is a prodigious province of geostrategic and mercantile importance, it meets the basic needs of people who dwell there. The South China Sea is dominant in mangrove biodiversity which, represents 11.4% of the world’s 15.5 million hectares of mangrove forest. Mangroves are harbored by multifaceted fungal communities that represent the second colossal ecological breed of marine fungi. The symbiotic association between the plants and fungi stimulates the bioactive components such as alkaloid, depsipeptides, cyclic peptides, quinone, terpenes, lactones, terpenoid, flavonoid, phenolic acid, steroids. These components have multifaceted pharmacological activities likely, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial. This review article attempts to present a piece of insightful information currently being explored on the biologically active components generated by mangrove endophytic fungi of the South China Sea.
New Record of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Association with Kebar Grass (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch.) in the Grassland Area of Kebar, Tambrauw Regency, West Papua, Indonesia Suharno Suharno; Irma Rahayu; Rosye H. R. Tanjung; Supeni Sufaati
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.70021

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an important form of symbiosis between fungi and plants in an ecosystem. One of the medicinal plants used by the people in West Papua is kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch.). This study aims to determine the AMF association in the rhizosphere of B. petersianum in grasslands. Survey method was used in this study. The presence of AMF was observed by examining root colonization and spore diversity. The results showed that the percentage of AMF colonization in roots was between 46.7–90.0% with an average of 71.66%. Meanwhile, the number of spores found in the plant rhizosphere averaged 119.8 spores per 10 grams of soil sample. There were 18 species of AMF dominated by the genus Glomus (7 species), Acaulospora (3 species), while the genus Claroideoglomus, Entrophospora, Gigaspora, and Scutellospora were dominated each with 2 species. This finding is the first record on the presence of AMF on B. petersianum in West Papua.
Growth and Physiological Attributes of Rice by the Inoculation of Osmotolerant Rhizobacteria (Enterobacter flavescens) under Drought Condition Hasna Dyah Kusumardani; Triwibowo Yuwono; Diah Rachmawati
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.67359

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has mechanism for morphological, physiological, and biochemical self-defense in response to drought conditions. The ability of osmotolerant rhizobacteria to develop association with plants suggests that it could be used as an inoculum to support plant growth under drought stress. The purpose of this study is to determine the response of ‘IR64’ and ‘Situ Bagendit’ to the inoculation with osmotolerant rhizobacteria under drought conditions. The experiment had 3 treatment factors: 2 rice cultivars ('IR64' and 'Situ Bagendit'), 3 drought treatments (25%, 50% and 100% field capacity), and 2 types of rhizobacteria treatments (without inoculation and with inoculation using osmotolerant rhizobacteria (Enterobacter flavescens). Plant growth was measured in terms of plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers and panicles, and percentage of filled grain. Physiological and biochemical parameters, namely chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD) peroxidase (POX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were measured. The inoculation of osmotolerant rhizobacteria enhanced ‘IR64’ and ‘Situ Bagendit’ growth (plant height, number of leaves, tillers and panicles) and increased the percentage of grains in ‘IR64’ cultivar. Proline content, SOD, and APX activities were all increased by osmotolerant rhizobacteria inoculation, however, carotenoid content was decreased. Plant growth, physiological and biochemical responses of both cultivar to drought were enhanced by inoculation with osmotolerant rhizobacteria. 
A Study on Diversity and Distribution of Figs (Ficus, Moraceae) in Bogor City, West Java, Indonesia Peniwidiyanti Peniwidiyanti; Ibnul Qayim; Tatik Chikmawati
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.68516

Abstract

Ficus (Moraceae) is a keystone resource species in the tropical region, and it contributes significantly to Bogor City's vegetation composition. Ficus spp. provide habitat for urban animals and contribute to providing environmental services for the community. Minimum data distribution and increasing land-use change possibly decrease Ficus diversity in Bogor City. This study aimed to analyse the diversity and distribution of Ficus spp. in Bogor City. The research was conducted by dividing Bogor City into 128 plots sized 1 x 1 km. Relative abundance and distribution analysis used QGIS version 3.10.2-A Coruña. A total of 37 species of Ficus spp. from six subgenera were found in Bogor. The highest distribution is mainly located around the Bogor Botanic Gardens and the Ahmad Yani City Forest in a tree and hemiepiphyte. Ficus benjamina and Ficus septica were the most common species found and spread throughout Bogor City. The significant land-use change in Bogor City has resulted in Ficus spp. generally spread in the northern and central parts. In contrast, in the southern part, they are relatively low. Some Ficus can also be bioindicators because they have growing habitats that tend to be specific and spread in certain areas. The presence of the Bogor Botanic Gardens has an important role in increasing the diversity of Ficus spp. in Bogor City. 
Anatomical and Histological Characteristics of Gonad of Tropical Eel Anguilla bicolor McClelland, 1844 in Different Length Body Size Farida Nur Rachmawati; Ridwan Affandi; Yulia Sistina
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.68824

Abstract

The sex status of Anguilla bicolor McClelland is difficult to be distinguished between males and females. Thus, we evaluated 309 fishes from The Serayu River, with length and weight range around 9 - 81 cm and 0.59 - 1260 g respectively to access the anatomical and histological characteristics of their gonads for each sex. Parameters assessed were body sizes, eye diameter, fin length, and gonad weight. The results showed that body length, weight, eye index, and gonadosomatic index of the male were significantly smaller (p<0.01) than those of the females. Fins index was not significantly different (p>0.05) between males and females. The histological structure of gonad showed that the eel gonads can be classified as either indifferent gonads, testis, or ovary based on the length of body size. Collecting all the data together it can be concluded that A. bicolor is a gonochoric. 
Biostimulant Activity of Sargassum sp. Extracts on Early Growth of Zea mays L. and the Phytohormones Content Analysis Fauziatul Fitriyah; Muhammad Abdul Aziz; Sri Wahyuni; Hana Fadila; Insyiah Meida Luktyansyah; Sulastri Sulastri; Priyono Priyono; Siswanto Siswanto
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.69178

Abstract

Seaweed has been gaining global interest in agriculture for the development of marine-based plant biostimulants. This research aimed to study the effect of three different liquid extracts of Sargassum sp., acidic, alkaline, and water extract, on the germination and early growth of maize and to evaluate the phytohormones content responsible for the growth. Phytohormones content including Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GA), kinetin and zeatin were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and bioassay was performed twice on maize. Parameters observed on the bioassay were germination percentage, number of roots, shoot length, shoot weight and root weight under 4 different concentrations with 0.5; 1.5; 3.5; and 5% in the first bioassay and 3.5% concentration in the second bioassay. Both bioassays following randomized complete design and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA using post hoc test of Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at error probability of 5% in Genestat software. Phytohormones content in the seaweed extract indicated that alkaline extract was rich in IAA, gibberellin, and zeatin content, while water extract showed the highest kinetin content. The first bioassay indicated that lower concentration of the seaweed extracts gave better growth in all extracts, therefore a 3.5% concentration was chosen for the second bioassay with higher replication for each treatment. The second bioassay confirmed alkaline extract resulted in the highest germination while the highest seedling height, number of roots, shoot and root weight were resulted from acidic extract treatment. In conclusion, Sargassum sp. extracts obtained from acidic, alkaline, and water-based extraction methods, were able to improve the shoot and root growth of maize plants. The acidic extract showed the highest growth promotion among other extracts with the lowest phytohormones content. 
Utilization of Coffee Pulp Waste Composted with Cellulolytic Actinomycetes to Enhance Chili Plant Growth Umi Fatmawati; Dewi Puspita Sari; Meti Indrowati; Slamet Santosa; Sri Martina Wiraswati; Harlita Harlita
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.69274

Abstract

The abundant volume of coffee bean pulp as a  by-product of the post-harvest processing is an important source of soil organic matter if it is properly handled. The alternative way to use coffee bean pulp waste to reduce the impact of environmental pollution is composting. This study aims to determine the ability of actinomycetes to degrade coffee pulp, to identify the physical and chemical characteristics of coffee pulp compost, and to evaluate the effect of coffee pulp compost on chili plant growth. The results showed that 7 isolates of actinomycetes were able to hydrolyze coffee pulp in vitro with a hydrolytic index of 1.7-3.81. The treatment of coffee pulp compost with the addition of a starter of cellulolytic actinomycetes (P2) at the end of the three-week incubation period showed the highest organic N (25 mg/kg), P (7.05 mg/kg), and K (33 mg/kg), t compared to other treatments. The effect of giving coffee pulp compost towards the growth of chili plants shows that  the coffee pulp composted with zeolite 5% (w/w) increased the height of the chili plants by 37.6%, while in coffee pulp composted by cellulolytic actinomycetes 5% (v/w) increased the number of leaves by 96% and plant biomass by 25%.  Based on the results of this research, coffee pulp compost has the potential to be used as biological fertilizer to increase plant growth, both composted by zeolite and cellulolytic actinomycetes
Carbon Stock Potential of Gara Gola Natural Vegetation in East Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia Abdulbasit Hussein
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.69360

Abstract

This study was conducted at Gara Gola, in the Oromia regional state of Ethiopia, to examine the carbon sequestration potentials under three altitudinal gradients [i.e., Lower altitude (LA: 1500–1800 m.a.s.l.); Middle altitude (MA: 1801–2000 m.a.s.l.) and upper altitude (UA: 2001–2300 m.a.s.l.)]. A total of 60 quadrats of 20m x 20m, 5m x 5m, and 1m x 1m with six horizontal transect lines were employed to gather data on the tree, shrub, herbaceous, and soil, respectively. To estimate organic carbon percentage, soil parameters were collected from three soil profiles (i.e., 0 to 10 cm, 10 to 20 cm, and 20 to 30 cm). The mean total carbon stock of the study area was 641.18 Mg ha-1. MA had relatively higher TC than the other gradients. But the LA had the lowest TC stock, due to a high amount of human and animal interference. The results showed that the UA had significantly higher above-ground (AGC) and below-ground carbon (BGC) stocks with 147.3±39.4 Mg ha-1 and 18.37±7.8 Mg ha-1, respectively, compared to other gradients. However, LA had the lowest AGC (66.8±8.7 Mg ha-1) and BGC (12.06±2.6 Mg ha-1). Lower altitude exhibited a significantly higher SOC value than the other two altitudinal gradients followed by MA. The UA had the lowest SOC value. SOC across the three soil profiles follows a reduction trend from topsoil depth to lower soil depth with significant variation. In conclusion, LA should embrace better ecological, policy, and socioeconomic considerations than the other gradients.
Microbial Degradation of Lignocellulose in Empty Fruit Bunch at Various Incubation Time Noverando Rafiel Angelo; Rudiyansyah Rudiyansyah; Gusrizal Gusrizal
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.69743

Abstract

Isolation of cellulose in empty fruit bunch (EFB) is hindered by lignin content. EFB was pretreated with Pleurotus ostreatus which has the ability to degrade lignin, in various incubation times (0th, 15th,30th, 45th, and 60th). The result showed lignin and cellulose decreased from 29.3% to 20.3% and from 40.2% to 26.2%, respectively. The optimum degradation time was on 30th day in which lignin and cellulose contents decreased from 29.3% to 20.3% and from 41% to 39.7% respectively. The cellulose to lignin (C/L) ratio increased from 1.40 to 1.99. These data revealed that P. ostreatus have a high potential for EFB delignification.
Cytotoxic Evaluation of Eurycoma longifolia Jack Root Extract on Chromosome Aberrations in Human Lymphocytes In vitro Somkid Chaiphech; Isara Patawang; Sumalee Phimphan; Sukhonthip Ditcharoen; Chatmongkon Suwannapoom; Alongklod Tanomtong
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.70543

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate chromosomal aberrations of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (EL) root extract in human lymphocytes in vitro. Human whole blood was cultured in medium solution that treated with distilled water, 20% DMSO, extract of EL roots at the concentration of 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 µg/mL (extracted with distilled water and ethanol), and nontreated (blank: only culture medium and whole blood). All experiments were cultured for 72 hours in the 37°C incubator. The effects of EL roots extract on cytotoxicity were compared with the control groups including the blank, distilled water, and 20% DMSO. This study found that EL root extract significantly decreased metaphase cell number and increased chromosome aberrations dose dependent manner (p<0.01). The 7 types of chromosome aberration that were observed consisted of dicentric chromosome, single chromatid breaks, isochromatid break, isochromatid gap, single chromatid gap, fragmentation, and deletion. The dicentric chromosome was the most common chromosomal aberrations type that was treated with EL root extract both distilled water and ethanol. Moreover, the ethanolic extract of EL root was more effective to stimulate chromosome aberrations compared to the water extract of EL root (the deletion and fragmentation were not found in the water extract of EL root). This study demonstrated that the phytochemicals of EL root extract had cytotoxicity effect (decreased metaphase cells and increase cells death) and genotoxic effect (increased chromosomal aberrations. The use of EL root crude extract with distilled water is therefore safer for cells. However, when EL is used at high levels, it may lead to the inhibition of cell division process and cause side effects (toxicity). EL extracts consist of various phytochemicals with different properties and dosages, thus more studies should be conducted on the effect of those substances on cytotoxicity, especially their effects on genotoxicity humans. 

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