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INDONESIA
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 25409573     EISSN : 25409581     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology (JTBB) is an authoritative source of information concerned with the advancement of tropical biology studies in the Southeast Asia Region. It publishes original scientific work related to a diverse range of fields in tropical biodiversity, functional biology, and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 327 Documents
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Differences in Swim Bladder Histology of Anguilla bicolor bicolor at Various Stages of Sexual Maturity Nur Indah Septriani; Muhammad Ardillah Rusydan; Gizela Aulia Agustin; Nareta Defiani; Fajar Sofyantoro; Ariel Hananya; Dwi Eny Djoko Setyono
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 2 (2023): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.74702

Abstract

The current study observed the histological differences of the swim bladder of the tropical eel, Anguilla bicolor bicolor, as an adaptation resulting from hydrostatic change. A total of 15 eels were collected from Pasir Puncu, Keburuhan, Purworejo and Segara Anakan, Cilacap, Indonesia in June 2017, September 2020, and April 2021. The eels were grouped into 4 stages based on the silvering stage and sex, namely: yellow undifferentiated, yellow female, silver male, and silver female. The average length and body weight of yellow undifferentiated eels were 255.07 ± 45.91 mm and 13.66 ± 8.5 g, respectively; for yellow female, the values were 374.35 ± 41.51 mm and 56.5 ± 12.02 g; for silver male, the values were 432.43 ± 15.15 mm and 140.29 ± 13.85 g; and for silver female were 702 ± 0.00 mm and 545 ± 11.31 g. The present study successfully recorded the histological structure of the swim bladder of A. bicolor bicolor in silver male and silver female stages. Silver males and females displayed a greater significant development of the swim bladder than yellow stages in the gas gland, mucosa, and submucosa layers. These results suggest that an increase in the gas gland thickness allows a greater contribution from gas to gas secretion, the mucosa exerts a mechanical effect on the newly formed gas bubbles, and the submucosa thickness reduces gas conductivity from the swim bladder wall. 
Advancement in Plant Tissue Culture-Based Research for Sustainable Exploitation of Well-Known Medicinal Herb Bacopa Monnieri Vinod, Abhijith; Sharma, Shivika; Sharma, Vikas
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.74937

Abstract

The current review focuses on the plant Bacopa monnieri, one of prominent medical herbs in Indian ayurvedic system. The plant is well known for its cognitive and memory enhancing capabilities. The plant contains many useful alkaloids and secondary metabolites. Studies have shown that it has various promising pharmacological properties which have the potential to treat many illnesses and disorders such as asthma, bronchitis, rheumatism also in for renal disease, water retention, blood cleaning etc. This leads to the over exploitation of the plant which puts a stress on the naturally available stock of the plant, therefore, it becomes a necessity to find optimum methods for mass production of the plant and its important secondary metabolites. This review attempts to compile and to discuss the advancements in methods and techniques including type of culture vessels, plant growth regulators (PGRs), effect of stress, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) interactions; for in vitro propagation of Bacopa monnieri and the enhanced production of its important bioactive (bacoside) for its sustainable exploitation. 
Anti-hypercholesterolemia, Anti-atherogenic, and Anti-hypertension Effects of Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) in Rats Induced by High Fat and Fructose Diet Alim El-Hakim; Sunarti Sunarti; Lisna Hidayati; Slamet Widiyanto
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 2 (2023): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.75914

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is associated with abnormalities of lipid levels in the blood such as hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia conditions can increase the risk of atherosclerosis and hypertension. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is a plant that contains high antioxidants. Beetroot has the potency to be used as a functional food that can reduce the potential for atherosclerosis and blood pressure. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of beetroot-enriched feed on the cholesterol level, atherogenic index and blood pressure of rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) induced by high fat and fructose diet. As many as 25 rats were divided into control, hyperlipidemia, and three treatment groups. The hyperlipidemia and treatment groups were induced to become hyperlipidemia using AIN93-M modified high fat and fructose feed for 8 weeks. The treatment groups were followed by intervention with 6, 9, and 12% beetroot enriched feed for 6 weeks. The feed was prepared by mixing beetroot flour in the pellets. Blood pressure, total cholesterol, and HDL level measurement was conducted after hyperlipidemia induction and after the intervention. The data analyzed with one-way ANOVA, DMRT, and T-Test. The results showed that 6% beetroot intervention have the highest increasing of HDL-cholesterol than other groups. The 9% beetroot intervention significantly decrease total cholesterol lower than normal baseline, and 12% beetroot intervention significantly decrease blood pressure than other groups. The atherogenic index of all treatment group was decreased. The 9% beetroot enriched feed was seen as an optimum dose to reduce total cholesterol, atherogenic index and blood pressure and increase HDL-cholesterol. 
Region of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA (ITS2) and Chloroplast DNA (rbcL and trnL-F) as A Suitable DNA Barcode for Identification of Zingiber loerzingii Valeton From North Sumatera, Indonesia Prasetya, Eko; Lazuardi, Lazuardi; Harahap, Fauziyah; Rachmawati, Yuanita; Yusuf, Yusnaeni; Al Idrus, Said Iskandar; Prastowo, Puji
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.76956

Abstract

Zingiber loerzingii Valeton is one of the species in the Zingiberaceae family found throughout Aceh and North Sumatra, Indonesia, with slimy flowers, yellowish white color, and dark orange stamens. Z. loerzingii is endemic in North Sumatra with a very limited distribution. The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources classifies this plant into the vulnerable ones category. This study aims to examine the potential of DNA barcoding from nuclear DNA (ITS2) and DNA chloroplasts (rbcL and trnL-F) to identify Z. loerzingii plants. The research sample was obtained from two main distribution areas of Z. loerzingii in North Sumatra, Indonesia, namely Sibolangit Nature Reserve and Tangkahan Conservation Forest. The results showed that all the DNA barcode markers used were able to classify Z. loerzingii into the same group in the phylogenetic analysis. ITS marker is the most effective marker for classifying Zingiberaceae species compared to rbcL and trnL-F markers. The ITS2 marker has the lowest level of intraspecific and intraspecific genetic distance overlap compared to the rbcL and trnL-F markers. This research is expected to provide information related to the DNA barcode of Z. loerzingii in an effort to conserve this rare plant. 
Updated Species Check-list of the Indonesian Stingless Bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Apinae, Meliponini) Manap Trianto; Tuty Arisuryanti; Hari Purwanto; Rosichon Ubaidillah
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 2 (2023): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.77160

Abstract

A catalog provides an index to previous studies in taxonomy, behavioral research, and pollination ecology, thus consolidating the existing knowledge in an accessible format. In this study, we explore the annotated catalog and bibliography of the Indonesian meliponini stingless bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Apinae, Meliponini). The catalog format is arranged based on Rasmussen (2008). All available literature was reviewed for compiling this catalog and bibliography. References to a Meliponini genus only were not included in the list of references. Cited references must have used a trackable specific epithet to have been included. In total, Indonesia has 52 recorded stingless bee species across the Indonesian archipelagoes of Sumatera (27 species), Java (13 species), Nusa Tenggara (1 species), Kalimantan (34 species), Sulawesi (8 species), Bali (1 species), Maluku (4 species), and Papua (12 species). After the data was updated, there was an increase in the number of stingless bee species in Indonesia, namely 46 species (before update) to 52 species (after update). An up-to-date, comprehensive taxonomic and biological catalog is fundamental to any comparative evolutionary, ecological, and behavioral research on any group of organisms. 
Combining Moderate and High Resolution of Satellite Images for Characterizing Suitable Habitat for Vegetation and Wildlife Sheriza Mohd Razali; Zaiton Samdin; Marryanna Lion
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 2 (2023): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.77710

Abstract

Combining different resolution of remote sensing satellites becomes a unique approach for vegetation and wildlife habitat assessment study. Remote sensing technology can reach land and water on the Earth's surface, and it can interpret signals from spectral responses. When these techniques are combined with Geographical Information Systems (GIS), land can be monitored in a variety of ways. Meanwhile, changes in land use led to changes in vegetation on the ground, with natural vegetation being removed from natural forests, leaving a degraded forest. This issue was not investigated for assessing habitat suitability for important plantations such as Eucalyptus plantation. Therefore, the study employed remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) to model suitability of habitat to live and to survive in the Eucalyptus plantation. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) derived from a mathematical equation can demonstrate intensity of greenness of green vegetation in particular area and time, and availability of soil moisture, respectively, is very suitable to model the greenness of the area. WorldView-2 satellite image was pre-proceed, proceed, and classified to produce land use indicator in Sabah Softwoods Berhad plantation majoring Eucalyptus spp. tree planted in Tawau, Sabah. Sentinel and Landsat 8 image were used for vegetation and water stress indicator were downloaded from Land Viewer application. Net Primary Productivity (NPP) at monthly scale was also calculated and ranked the productivity for the suitability mapping. Climatic condition based on monthly precipitation and seasonality derived from ASEAN Specialized Meteorological Centre (ASMC) was employed for ranking its suitability value. In this study, natural forest and oil palm plantation is tested to developed suitability map for vegetation and wildlife habitat to live with. All indicators were ranked 10 to 40 presenting benefit and usefulness of the indicator to vegetation and wildlife in the study area. Then, final classification was made from accumulation of those indicators into 0 to 200 (Not suitable to Highly suitable). The results showed 59.9% of the area classified as moderately suitable, 36.9% highly suitable, 3.2% least suitable and no area was classified as not suitable. This type of study assisted forest managers and policymakers for better managing of their forests for better life of trees and wildlife under their management. The methodology adapted in the study is ecologically sounded and economically viable to be modified and complied in Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) in Malaysia and other tropical forest regions. 
Herbaceous Diversity in the Gumuk Ecosystem in Ledokombo District-Jember Regency with Varied Land Use Type Maisyaroh, Wiwin; Hakim, Luchman; Sudarto, Sudarto; Batoro, Jati
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.77888

Abstract

Gumuk is a unique landscape in Jember Regency resulting from the eruption of Mount Raung that can provide ecosystem services through its ecological functions. Increased mining activity in Gumuk and land-use changes can lead to a decline in biodiversity and affect ecosystem services. This study aims to determine the diversity of herbaceous in the Gumuk ecosystem. Conducted in January - March 2021 in Ledokombo District, Jember Regency. The spatial distribution of Gumuk was carried out using GIS. Herbaceous sampling was carried out using 2x2 plots on three types of Gumuk utilisation, namely mixed gardens, sand mining, and stone mining. The results showed that there were 136 Gumuk in Ledokombo District. One hundred twenty herbaceous species (49 families) were found in all types of Gumuk. Mixed gardens have the highest species diversity (109 species, 49 families) compared to other types. Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. has high dominance in all types. Species dominance showed a moderate category for all types of Gumuk (D = 0.07). Community complexity in all types was in the high class (D' = 0.90) and species diversity was in the high class (H’ = 3.25). Evenness index € was different in the three types of Gumuk; in mixed gardens, the evenness of species was lower (0.23) than the other two types. 
Comparison of Light Intensity under the Canopy between Sal (Shorea robusta) and Akashmoni (Acacia auriculiformis) in Agroforestry Stands: Effect of Tree Size and Distance from Individual Trees Islam, Md. Al Forhad; Pitol, Md. Najmus Sayadat; Khan, Md. Nabiul Islam
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.78063

Abstract

Agroforestry is now inevitable for meeting the snowballing demand for food of the growing number of people worldwide. The light environment is the most important driving force for the growth and development of crops in agroforestry stand. The present study aims to quantify the light interception in two different agroforestry types, where one was composed of Shorea robusta (Sal) with Ananas comosus and another was Acacia auriculiformis (Akashmoni) with Ananas comosus. The relative Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) was measured by a pair of quantum sensors in four directions from some individual trees. Spatial variation of PAR was also explored in both stand types. The results revealed that RPAR did not significantly (P>0.05) vary among four directions of individual trees in S. robusta but the A. auriculiformis showed a significant difference (P<0.001) along the four directions. Also, RPAR was significantly different (P<0.001) at different distances from individual trees under the canopy of both tree species. When the stand-level spatial variation of RPAR was considered, A. auriculiformis (0.177) and S. robusta (0.171) showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in the light environment. Our findings explored that both the tree species would be suitable species for agroforestry practices in the area. For the betterment of the natural S. robusta forest responsible authorities should encourage people to avoid A. auriculiformis plantations near the natural S. robusta forest which will enhance the conservation of S. robusta cover in its natural habitat. 
Genetic Identification of Two Mudskipper Species (Oxudercidae: Periophthalmus) from Kulon Progo, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia Diana Febriyanti; Katon Waskito Aji; Dwi Sendi Priyono; Tuty Arisuryanti
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 2 (2023): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.78161

Abstract

Mudskippers are commonly cryptic species, making identification based solely on morphological characteristics challenging. This study used the DNA barcoding method to identify mudskipper species based on the COI mitochondrial gene. The analysis revealed two distinct species, P. kalolo (20 samples) and P. argentilineatus (3 samples) with high GC contents ranging from 42.94-45.2%. The genetic divergence analysis of P. kalolo showed that they divided into two clades, while P. argentilineatus is divided into three clades with two of the clades (C and D)  still conspecific groups, and those two clades with clade E exhibit a genetic distance greater than 3.5%, suggesting the presence of cryptic species. These findings provide valuable insights into the intraspecies genetic diversity of mudskippers in Indonesia, which could have essential implications for conservation efforts and highlight the potential of DNA barcoding as a powerful tool for the identification of cryptic species. Further research combining molecular and morphological identification could lead to a more comprehensive understanding of species identification and help address the challenges posed by cryptic species.
Birds Species on Vertical Stratification of Mangrove Vegetation Nusa Lembongan, Bali Indonesia Ginantra, I Ketut; Muksin, I Ketut; Joni, Martin
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.78394

Abstract

This study aims to determine the use of vertical stratification of mangrove vegetation by bird species in the mangrove ecosystem of Nusa Lembongan. The study was conducted at seven mangrove ecosystem sites, in April-July 2021. Observation of the number of birds in each vegetation strata was carried out using the point count method. The association of the use of vegetation strata by bird species was carried out by Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) statistical test. The results showed that total of 32 species are found in the mangrove ecosystem of Nusa Lembongan which belong to 26 families. There is a strong association between bird species and the vertical strata of vegetation. The species of birds associated with pure mangrove vegetation are; strata I, namely Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant,1769), Ardea purpurea Linnaeus, 1766, Sterna bergii M.H.K.Lichtenstein, 1823, Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758), and Pycnonotus aurigaster (Vieillot, 1818); strata II are Todiramphus chloris (Boddaert, 1783), Todirhamphus sanctus (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827), Alcedo coerulescens Vieillot, 1818 and Butorides striata (Linnaeus, 1758); strata III are Hypothymis azurea (Boddaert, 1783), Lanius schach Linnaeus, 1758, Merops philippinus Linnaeus, 1767, Nectarinia jugularis Linnaeus, 1766 and Gerygone sulphurea Wallace, 1864; strata IV are Collocalia linchi Horsfield & F.Moore,1854, Oriolus chinensis Linnaeus, 1766, Hirundo tahitica Gmelin,1789 and Pycnonotus goiaver (Scopoli, 1786). The bird species associated with mixed mangrove and dryland vegetation are strata I, namely species Turnix suscitator (J.F.Gmelin, 1789), Acridotheres javanicus Cabanis, 1851, Anthreptes malacensis (Scopoli, 1786), Passer domesticus (Linnaeus,1758), Pycnonotus aurigaster (Vieillot, 1818), Spilopelia chinensis (Scopoli, 1786) and Geopelia striata (Linnaeus, 1766); strata II, namely Alcedo coerulescens Vieillot, 1818, Zosterops chloris Bonaparte, 1850, Todirhamphus sanctus (Vigors and Horsfield,1827) and Todiramphus chloris (Boddaert, 1783); strata III, namely Anthreptes malacensis (Scopoli,1786), Cacomantis merulinus (Scopoli,1786), Hypothymis azurea (Boddaert,1783), Copsychus saularis (Linnaeus,1758), Nectarinia jugularis Linnaeus, 1766, Gerygone sulphurea Wallace, 1864 and Merops philippinus Linnaeus,1767; strata IV, namely Collocalia linchi Horsfield & F.Moore,1854, Hirundo tahitica Gmelin,1789 and Corvus sp. Factors influencing strata preference by birds are resources, both food and space, as well as the bioecological characteristics of the birds themselves.  

Page 23 of 33 | Total Record : 327

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