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Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20875517     EISSN : 25274376     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,001 Documents
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In silico analysis of myricetin and fisetin as potential B-cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-xL) inhibitors in cancer therapy: Myricetin and fisetin as potential Bcl-xL inhibitors Nordin, Noraziah; Abd Ghani, Mohd Faiz; Roslan, Nuruliza; Riandini Aisyah; Sri Wahyuni; Peni Indrayudha; Em Sutrisna
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 3
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.15.03.02

Abstract

B-cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-xL) is an anti-apoptotic protein that is crucial for cancer cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy. Flavonoids have shown potential as anticancer agents through various pathways, including apoptosis. However, molecular interactions of flavonoids with Bcl-xL remain unknown. This study aims to evaluate the binding affinity and stability of myricetin and fisetin as Bcl-xL inhibitors using in silico approaches, including molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Molecular docking was performed by AutoDock Vina software to evaluate the binding affinity of myricetin and fisetin to the Bcl-xL protein. MD simulations were conducted using the AMBER 2022.1 package to analyze the stability and dynamic behavior of the flavonoids-Bcl-xL complexes over a 100 ns trajectory. Docking analysis revealed strong binding affinities for both flavonoids, with fisetin exhibiting a slightly higher affinity (-7.6 kcal/mol) compared to myricetin (-7.2 kcal/mol). MD simulations confirmed the stability of both complexes, with myricetin forming a more extensive hydrogen bonding due to its additional hydroxyl groups, contributing to lower RMSD fluctuations and higher structural stability. Binding free energy calculations further supported the favorable interaction of myricetin with Bcl-xL (-61.542 kJ/mol), suggesting its potential as a potent inhibitor. In silico analysis indicates that both myricetin and fisetin have promising inhibitory potential against Bcl-xL, with myricetin demonstrating better stability and binding efficiency. These findings provide a basis for further experimental validation and the potential development of flavonoid-based Bcl-xL inhibitors for targeted cancer therapy.
Integrated In Silico Approach Discovery of β-Caryophyllene from Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav. as an Antidiabetic Candidate: β-Caryophyllene from Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav. as an Antidiabetic Candidate Febyaningrum, Vitasigi Dwi; Putri Kharisma Novita Sari; Hadi , Saptono
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 3
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.15.03.05

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a significant global health challenge, responsible for more than 90% of all diagnosed diabetes cases worldwide. The progression of T2DM is primarily driven by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, both of which contribute to various metabolic complications. Metformin is widely used as a first-line antidiabetic drug. However, its long-term use is associated with gastrointestinal disturbances, lactic acidosis, and vitamin B12 deficiency. These limitations highlight the need for safer and more effective therapeutic alternatives. β-caryophyllene, a sesquiterpene compound derived from the stem extract of Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav., has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antilipidemic properties that may support its potential as an antidiabetic agent. This study evaluated the pharmacological potential of β-caryophyllene as an antidiabetic agent through an in silico approach. The analysis included drug-likeness assessment via Lipinski’s Rule of Five, ADMET profiles, network pharmacology, such as KEGG pathway and GO, inhibitory activity prediction using SVM regression in DataWarrior, and molecular docking through AutoDockTools and BIOVIA Discovery Studio, with metformin used as a reference standard. β-caryophyllene fully complies with Lipinski’s Rule of Five, indicating good drug-likeness and potential for oral bioavailability. The IC50 prediction results indicated that β-caryophyllene exhibited stronger inhibitory potential than metformin against several key T2DM-related proteins, including IL6, HSP90AA1, NOS3, TLR4, KRAS, and NFKB1. Consistently, molecular docking analysis demonstrated that β-caryophyllene also had stronger interactions with these targets, exhibiting higher binding affinities compared to metformin. These proteins are implicated in insulin resistance, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction. Additionally, pharmacokinetic data demonstrated high intestinal absorption (94.8%), extensive distribution (VDss ≈ 4.49 L/kg), minimal CYP450 inhibition, and limited toxicity risks. Collectively, β-caryophyllene exhibits good pharmacological properties and multitarget activity, supporting its candidacy for further in vitro and in vivo studies as a potential therapeutic agent for T2DM.
Quercetin Inhibits the Progression of Atherosclerosis by Enhancing the Activity of M2 Macrophages in Wistar Rats Ermawan, Romi; Pikir, Budi Susetyo; Mulyanto, Mulyanto
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 3
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.15.03.08

Abstract

Quercetin, widely acknowledged as an exceptionally potent antioxidant, is known for its diverse array of bioactive properties that confer numerous health benefits. However, the specific effect of quercetin on atherosclerosis progression remains unclear and warrants further investigation. This experimental study used Wistar rats with a post-test-only control-group design. It aimed to analyze the effect of quercetin in inhibiting the progression of atherosclerosis. Twelve adult male rats were selected and used to construct an experimental model that mimics atherosclerotic plaque formation. The model was achieved by administering a high-fat diet with a caloric value of 414 kcal per 100 grams and performing an endothelial injury procedure during the second week of the study. After six weeks, the rats were divided into two groups of six: the control group continued on the high-fat diet, while the quercetin group maintained the same diet and received 10 mg/kg of quercetin via gavage. At the end of week eight, the progression of atherosclerotic plaques was evaluated by measuring the activity of M1 and M2 macrophages, as well as the carotid artery intima-media thickness and the degree of carotid arterial stenosis. Quercetin administration significantly increased the activity of M2 macrophages (p=0.002, mean difference 10.66, 95% CI 5.90 - 15.41); in contrast, no significant effect was found on the activity of M1 macrophages (p=0.562), carotid artery intima-media thickness (p=0.407), and the degree of carotid arterial stenosis (p=0.734). This study emphasizes quercetin's role in inhibiting atherosclerosis progression by enhancing the activity of M2 macrophages. Additional studies are necessary to explore various quercetin doses involving more atherosclerosis parameters.
Codon Optimization and Epitope Identification of L1 Protein Human Papillomavirus Type 52 for Expression in Lactococcus lactis: Codon Optimization and Epitope Identification L1 Protein HPV52 Prastyowati, Anika; Hakim, Mohamad Saifudin; Wijayanti, Nastiti; Wibawa, Tri
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 3
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.15.03.03

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 52 is among the top three high-risk oncogenic types that are associated with cervical cancer worldwide, especially in Indonesia. Designing a vaccine against HPV using an Lactococcus lactis expression system is a promising strategy, as this bacterium is well-known for its probiotic properties and can be safely utilized as a delivery carrier for oral vaccines. This study aimed to optimize the codon usage of the L1 protein of HPV type 52 for expression in L. lactis expression system and to identify potential epitopes using bioinformatics tools. To determine the codon optimization, the L1 protein sequence of HPV type 52 was retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Furthermore, codon optimization was conducted once the model had been established using OPTIMIZER, Clustal Omega, Restriction Mapper, and the ExPASy tool, based on L. lactis. The final construct was predicted to have a B-cell epitope by Ellipro tools, antigenicity by VaxiJen v.2.0, allergenicity by AllerTOP v.2.0, and toxicity by ToxIBTL. This resulted in a potential vaccine candidate with a Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) of 0.754 and GC content of 39.0%. Identification of epitopes from the optimized gene resulted in two peptide sequences, WRPSEATVYLPPVPVSKVVS and GTLGDPVPGDLYIKGSNSGNTATVQ, as components of the vaccine candidate.
In silico Analysis of Phospholipase C Proteins Revealed Role During the Growth and Development of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea): Genome-wide analysis of the phospholipase C genes in peanut Chu, Ha Duc; Tran, Huyen Thi Thanh; Le, Quynh Thi Ngoc; La, Hong Viet; Le, Thuy Thi; Cao, Phi Bang
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 3
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.15.03.06

Abstract

Phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes, including phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC (PI-PLC) and non-specific PLC (NPC), play central roles in plant lipid signalling, although their genomic features and expression patterns in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) are still insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to identify all PLC family members in the peanut genome and to analyze their structural properties, phylogenetic relationships, and expression profiles across major tissues. Through homology-based searches and domain validation, we identified a total of 10 and 16 ArahyNPC and ArahyPI-PLC genes within the peanut genome, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis classified these PLC proteins into two distinct clades, including NPC and PI-PLC. Gene structure and physicochemical assessment indicated conserved organization and similar protein characteristics within each subfamily. Re-analysis of publicly available RNA-Seq datasets revealed clear tissue-specific expression patterns. Interestingly, ArahyNPC-02 and ArahyNPC-09 showed predominant expression in nodules, while ArahyPI-PLC-15 was expressed mainly in roots. These findings indicate functional diversification among PLC genes in peanut and highlight several candidates that may regulate key developmental processes. The results provide a comprehensive genomic resource that supports future functional studies on PLC-mediated signalling and contributes to breeding strategies aimed at enhancing stress resilience in peanut cultivars. This genome-wide characterization, combined with transcriptomic re-analysis, provides a systematic resource for understanding PLC-mediated lipid signalling in peanut. The identified tissue-preferential PLC candidates offer promising targets for future functional studies aimed at elucidating their roles in development and stress-responsive pathways.
Distribution of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) based on Ovitrap Geodata at Kolongan Satu Village, Central Tomohon, North Sulawesi Rettob, Thesia; Astuti, Raden Roro Upiek Ngesti Wibawaning; Nugroho, Laurentius Hartanto
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 3
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.15.03.11

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in urban and peri-urban areas where Aedes aegypti thrives. Tomohon City has experienced a significant increase in DHF cases and, in early 2024, ranked among the top five regions with the highest Incidence Rates (IR) in Indonesia. This study aimed to assess the distribution and density of A. aegypti larvae through ovitrap-based surveillance and to evaluate residents' basic knowledge of DHF and its vectors in Kolongan Satu Village, Tomohon City. A cross-sectional study was conducted using larval surveillance and a structured questionnaire. A total of 200 ovitraps were placed both indoors and outdoors in and around 100 houses across five surveillance stations. Egg collection was carried out in two stages. Collected eggs were identified morphologically as A. aegypti. Vector density was analyzed using the Ovitrap Index (OI) and Ovitrap Density Index (ODI). Residents’ knowledge regarding DHF transmission, vector characteristics, and preventive measures was assessed descriptively. The results showed that the OI values during stage 1 were 25.5% indoors and 39% outdoors, while during stage 2, the values were 24% indoors and 35% outdoors, indicating a medium level of vector presence. The ODI increased markedly from 3.21% in stage 1 to 9.72% in stage 2, reflecting a high density of A. aegypti. Most respondents demonstrated good knowledge of DHF, its vectors, and preventive strategies, although some difficulties in understanding scientific terminology were identified and addressed through education. These findings indicate persistent A. aegypti breeding in Kolongan Satu Village and highlight the need for strengthened vector control measures and continuous community-based education to prevent future DHF outbreaks.
Development of a Stable CHO Cell Line for High-Level Expression and Purification of Recombinant Darbepoetin Alfa Widekdo, Dwi purno; Widodo, Nashi; Rifa'i, Muhaimin; Jatmiko, Yoga Dwi
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 3
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.15.03.12

Abstract

Recombinant Darbepoetin alfa (DARB), an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, is widely used in treating anemia linked to chronic kidney disease and chemotherapy. This study presents a systematic approach for developing a high-yield, stable Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line capable of producing recombinant DARB. A codon-optimized gene construct under dual CMV/EF1α promoters and puromycin resistance selection was transfected into CHO cells. To isolate high-producing monoclonal populations, transfected cells were subjected to limiting dilution cloning in 96-well plates, allowing single-cell-derived colonies to expand and be individually assessed. Clone DARV IV Pool 2 Clone 2E6 demonstrated the highest and most consistent DARB expression, validated through Western blot using anti-human EPO antibodies. The culture supernatant underwent two-step clarification via centrifugation and tangential flow filtration (TFF), followed by purification using anion-exchange chromatography on a HiTrap Q HP column. Gradient elution enabled effective separation, with SDS-PAGE and Western blot confirming high purity and molecular integrity of the recombinant protein. Variability in clone expression highlighted the influence of genomic integration sites and potential epigenetic silencing, emphasizing the importance of screening and stability validation. This study demonstrates that rational vector design, antibiotic-based clone selection, and robust purification strategies can produce CHO-derived DARB suitable for large-scale production. The integrated workflow supports scalability, product consistency, and regulatory readiness for biosimilar therapeutic manufacturing
Composition, Diversity, and Habitat Association of Spider Species (Araneae) in Three Different Land Covers of Tangub City, Misamis Occidental, Philippines Revilleza, Chen; Socias, Maria Elezairah; Zaragoza-Magsayo, Monaliza Joy; Rivera, Rodrin; Bullong, Lynde
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 3
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.15.03.09

Abstract

Spiders are significant to ecosystems as they regulate insect populations, act as both predator and prey, and enhance biodiversity. This study examined the composition, diversity, and habitat association of spider species (Araneae) in the three different land covers of Tangub City, Misamis Occidental, Philippines. The samplings were particularly conducted in Barangay Banglay, predominantly an agricultural area, Barangay Hoyohoy, a mountainous terrain, and Barangay Caniangan, a riparian area. Transect walks and opportunistic sampling methods were used. 38 species belonging to 12 families under 27 genera were identified from the 782 individuals captured, of which 2 species were endemic and 36 non-endemics. The three sampling areas attained moderate diversity, ranging from 2.17 to 2.66, with Banglay ranking the highest. Furthermore, Banglay and Hoyohoy showed a higher similarity index value of 0.68, indicating a higher number of shared spider species, accounting for 16 species. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) across sampling areas illustrated axis 1 as the primary ecological gradient influencing spider abundance and distribution, with eigenvalues ranging from 0.05 to 0.11. In Banglay, Herennia multipuncta and Arachnura melanura were strongly associated with both relative humidity and air temperature. In Hoyohoy, Neoscona sp. and Camaricus sp. prefer higher air temperature, while species such as Nephila pilipes, Nephila kuhlii, Nephilengys malabarensis, Gnathopalystes sp., Poltys sp., Cheiracanthium sp., and Leucauge decorata are highly influenced by relative humidity. And in Caniangan, species such as Nephila pilipes, Gasteracantha sp., and Thomisus labefactus, are closely associated with warmer microclimatic environments, whereas taxa such as Leucauge fastigata and Heteropoda venatoria prefer more humid conditions. However, low eigenvalues suggest that the measured environmental variables have minimal effect on spider species, and other factors may play a more significant role. Key threats include habitat degradation across all sampling areas. The study recommends implementing targeted conservation measures and enforcing policies to preserve the integrity of the areas and protect the spider populations.
High-Dose Gamma Irradiation Reduces Pathogenic Bacteria While Preserving Beneficial Taxa in Indonesian Traditional Food ‘Gudeg’ Pratama, Indra Mustika; Benita, Ashri Mukti; Hermanto, Feri Eko; Lasmawati, Deudeu; Kadir, Idrus; Sugoro, Irawan
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 3
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.15.03.10

Abstract

Gudeg, a traditional Indonesian dish, is highly susceptible to microbial spoilage. Irradiation technology can be utilized to extend the shelf life of gudeg while preserving its nutritional value. However, the effects of gamma irradiation on the bacterial abundance in food products have not been widely researched. This study investigated how gamma irradiation influences its bacterial community. Vacuum-packed gudeg was gamma-irradiated in a frozen condition at a dose of 20 kGy, with a dose uniformity ratio (DUR) of 1.08. The resulting microbiome was characterized via 16S rRNA sequencing, using non-irradiated gudeg as a comparison. Gudeg samples were then amplified using the standard 16S rRNA V3-V4 primers. After taxonomic classification, alpha diversity indices—Shannon, Margalef, Chao1, and ACE—were applied to compare species richness and evenness in irradiated and non-irradiated samples. The research results showed that irradiation substantially reduced Proteobacteria, particularly staphylococcal species, while preserving beneficial lactic acid bacteria, such as Weissella sp. The overall diversity slightly decreased, but pathogenic risks diminished, indicating extended shelf stability. These findings suggest gamma irradiation as an effective strategy to enhance gudeg's safety and longevity. Furthermore, they offer insights into broader applications of irradiation for preserving high-moisture, ready-to-eat foods and indicate that sustainable research into the effects of irradiation on spoilage microbes and specific pathogens in various traditional food products is possible.
Preparation, Optimization and Physicochemical Characterization of a Biodegradable Core-Shell Chitosan/Alginate Hydrogel Composite Misson, Mailin; Max Michael Samson; Yong , Wilson Thau Lym; Suryani Saallah; Hesham El Enshasy
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 3
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.15.03.14

Abstract

Excessive and inefficient fertilizer use in agriculture poses significant environmental and economic concerns, creating a demand for sustainable alternatives. Natural polymer-based hydrogels, particularly those derived from biopolymers such as chitosan and alginate, offer promising potential due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and water-retaining properties. However, limited studies have systematically optimized core–shell hydrogel systems based on natural polymers for their potential as nutrient carriers particularly in agricultural applications. The present study focuses on the preparation, statistical optimization and characterization of a core–shell chitosan/alginate (Chi/Alg) hydrogel system using CaCl₂ as a crosslinker. Key formulation parameters including polymer and crosslinker concentrations were optimized to enhance swelling capacity, water retention, and hydrogel yield. Results showed that higher chitosan concentrations led to significantly greater swelling (up to 1652%), while increased crosslinker concentrations accelerated water loss. Water retention improved at lower alginate–CaCl₂ concentrations, and hydrogel yield increased with higher alginate–chitosan ratios. Core–shell thickness varied with solidification time (1–40 minutes), ranging from 404.11 ± 18.47 µm to 735.33 ± 24.31 µm. Physicochemical characterization confirmed the materials’ structural composition and suitability as a nutrient carrier. SEM-EDX revealed particle sizes of 38–225 µm with porous, fibrous morphologies in hydrated form and successful Ca²⁺ crosslinking. FTIR spectra showed ionic interactions and characteristic shifts in amide groups. This study presents a novel, biodegradable core–shell hydrogel system optimized for nutrient carrier potential, contributing to the advancement of eco-friendly materials in sustainable agriculture.

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