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INDONESIA
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry)
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23027274     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Jurnal ini merupakan jurnal elektronik di bidang kimia terapan yang dikelola oleh Magister Kimia Terapan, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Udayana, Bali. Jurnal ini memuat artikel-artikel penelitian yang berhubungan dengan Kimia Terapan yang meliputi Kimia Analitik, Kimia Polimer, Biokimia, Kimia Bahan Alam, Kimia Fisik, Kimia Permukaan, Biomaterial,dan bidang-bidang terkait. Jurnal ini akan terbit 2 kali dalam setahun yaitu pada bulan Pebruari dan September. Jurnal ini terbuka untuk diakses oleh semua kalangann(Open Access Journal)
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 184 Documents
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MOLECULAR DOCKING, SINTESIS dan UJI AKTIVITAS SITOTOKSIK Dian Agung Pangaribowo
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 2 No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK: Senyawa 1-benzoil-1,3-dimetilurea telah dirancang, disintesis, diidentifikasi struktur, dan diuji aktivitas sitotoksik secara in vitro. Simulasi docking dilakukan dengan memposisikan senyawa ke dalam sisi aktif reseptor Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) untuk menentukan model pengikatan ligan reseptor. Sintesis 1-benzoil-1,3-dimetilurea dilakukan lewat reaksi asilasi antara 1,3-dimetilurea dan benzoil klorida. Kemurnian produk hasil sintesis ditentukan dengan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Identifikasi struktur dilakukan dengan spektrofotometer UV, FT-IR dan spektrometer NMR. Hasil uji antiproliferatif menunjukkan bahwa senyawa 1-benzoil-1,3-dimetilurea memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel HeLa yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif. Senyawa 1-benzoil-1,3-dimetilurea dengan aktivitas sitotoksik dapat menjadi agen antikanker yang potensial. Kata kunci: 1-benzoil-1,3-dimetilurea, molecular docking, aktivitas sitotoksik ABSTRACT: A novel 1-benzoyl-1,3-dimethylurea has been designed, synthesized, structurally determined, and the in vitro cytotoxic activity was evaluated. Docking simulation was performed to position this compound into the Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) active site to determine the probable binding model. Synthesis of 1-benzoyl-1,3-dimethylurea was completed by acylation reaction between 1,3-dimethylurea and benzoyl chloride. The purity of synthesized product was determined by Thin Layer Chromatography. Structure identification was performed by UV spectrophotometer, FT-IR and NMR spectrometer. Antiproliferative assay result demonstrated that this compound possessed good cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells, which is comparable to the positive control. This compound with potent cytotoxic activity might be a potential anticancer agent. Keywords: 1-benzoyl-1,3-dimethylurea, molecular docking, cytotoxic activity
¬¬PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK BUAH Psidium Guajava SEBAGAI GREEN INHIBITOR UNTUK KOROSI BESI PADA LARUTAN ASAM SULFAT Said Ali Akbar
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 7 No 1 (2019): Volume 7, Nomor 1, 2019
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK: Efek inhibisi dari ekstrak buah Psidium Guajava (PG) pada korosi logam besi dipelajari dengan menggunakan metode penurunan berat. Laju korosi besi dalam media PG-H2SO4 berkurang secara relatif terhadap media larutan H2SO4 tanpa PG. Efisiensi inhibisi meningkat dengan semakin banyaknya konsentrasi ekstrak dan serta kenaikan suhu. Efisiensi inhibisi tertinggi tercatat 83,63% pada konsentrasi ekstrak 10 g/L pada 60 °C. Energi aktivasi (Ea) korosi besi dalam medium PG-H2SO4 lebih rendah dari pada tanpa PG. Parameter termodinamika yang telah dihitung menunjukkan bahwa proses inhibisi korosi adalah endotermik dan spontan. Adsorpsi PG pada permukaan besi sesuai dengan model adsorpsi isoterm Langmuir. Kata Kunci : asam sulfat, green inhibitor, isoterm langmuir, Psidium Guajava ABSTRACT: The inhibitory effect of Psidium Guajava (PG) fruit extract on iron metal corrosion was studied using the weight loss method. The corrosion rate of iron in the PG-H2SO4 medium was reduced relative to the medium of H2SO4 without PG. The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration of extracts and increases in temperature. The highest inhibition efficiency was 83.63% at an extract concentration of 10 g/L at 60 °C. The activation energy (Ea) iron corrosion in the PG-H2SO4 medium was lower than without PG. Thermodynamic parameters that have been calculated, indicating the corrosion inhibition processes are endothermic and spontaneous. The adsorption of PG on the iron surface was accordance with the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI FRAKSI N-HEKSAN DAUN CENDANA (Santalum album Linn.) TERHADAP OEDEM TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENAN Ni Made Puspawati; I Wayan Suirta; Ni Luh Putu Mega Wahyuni; Ni Ketut Ratnayani
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 5 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK: Cendana (Santalum album L.) umumnya digunakan sebagai obat tradisional untuk mengobati inflamasi (bengkak). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antiinflamasi fraksi n-heksan ekstrak daun cendana (Santalum album L.) terhadap udema pada telapak kaki tikus putih jantan galur Wistar yang diinduksi karagenan dan mengidentifikasi senyawa aktifnya. Pada pengujian aktivitas antiinflamasi digunakan 5 kelompok tikus yaitu kelompok kontrol positif (na-diklofenak 5 mg/kg BB), kelompok kontrol negatif (CMC 1%) dan 3 kelompok perlakuan (dosis fraksi n-heksan 125 mg/kg BB, 250 mg/kg BB, dan 500 mg/kg BB). Hasil uji aktivitas antiinflamasi menunjukkan pada menit ke-360 fraksi n-heksana pada dosis 125 mg/kg BB dan 250 mg/kg BB mampu menghambat udema telapak kaki tikus berturut-turut sebesar 80,39% dan 82,35% lebih tinggi dari kontrol positif yaitu 66,66%. Sedangkan pada dosis yang lebih tinggi 500 mg/kg BB aktivitasnya menurun dan lebih rendah dari kontrol positif yaitu sebesar 44,12%. Hasil uji One Way ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dosis 125 mg/kg BB dan dosis 250 mg/kg BB tidak memiliki perbedaan bermakna dengan kelompok kontrol positif, sedangkan untuk dosis 500 mg/kg BB memiliki tidak memiliki perbedaan bermakna dengan kontrol negatif. Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa fraksi n-heksan daun cendana mengandung senyawa 2,2,4-trimetil-1,3-pentanadiol diisobutirat; metil palmitat; metil linoleat; metil oleat; di(2-etilheksil) terephtalat; dan asaron. ABSTRACT: Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is commonly used as a traditional medicine to treat inflammation. The aim of this research were to evaluate antiinflammatory activity of n-hexane fraction of cendana leaves extract and to characterise its active compounds. The anti-inflammatory activity test was conducted using 25 Wistar rats which were divided into five groups: group 1 treated with carrageenan (control negative), group 2 treated with standar drug (sodium diclofenac) whereas group 3,4, and 5 treated with different doses (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg/BW) of n-hexane fraction of santalum album leaves extract along with carrageenan respectively. The active constituent was charactersised using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer). The anti-inflammatory test demonstrated that the n-hexane fraction of santalum album leaves reduced carrageenan induced rats paw edema in a dose dependent manner. The n-hexane fraction at dose of 125 and 250 mg/kg BW showed potent inhibition of inflammation after 6 hours which can inhibit inflammation by 80.39 and 82.35% respectively as compared to positive control (66.66%). Further increase in dose i.e 500 mg/kg BW decreased the activity to 44.12%. Statistical analysis showed that antiinflammatory activity of n-hexane fraction at doses 125 mg and 250 mg/kgBW did not significantly different to control positif while at dose of 500 mg/kgBW did not significantly different to control negative. The active compounds were tentaviley identified as 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentandiol diisobutyrates, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; octadeca,9,12-dienoic acid, methyl ester, 9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, terepthalic acid, 2-ethylhexyl undecyl ester, and asarone.
UJI TOKSISITAS DAN IDENTIFIKASI EKSTRAK ETANOL SPONS Callyspongia aerizusa TERHADAP LARVA Artemia salina L. Made Rai Rahayu; James Sibarani; I Made Dira Swantara
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Volume 1, No. 1, 2013
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

Identification of active compounds extracted from marine sponge Callyspongia aerizusa and their toxicity against  Artemia salina L. larvae using BSLT method had been carried out. Partition of the ethanol extract using n-hexane, chloroform and water was conducted and we found that the chloroform fractions was the most toxic with LC50 of 43.65 ppm. The chloroform fractions were then separated by column chromatography using chloroform: ethyl acetate (7:3) as eluent and 5 fractions (FA-FE) were obtained. Fraction A was the most toxic with LC50 of 52.48 ppm. Identification the chemical compounds of the toxic isolates (FA) was conducted by using GC-MS showing eight (8) compounds which are hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9-heneicosene, 9-ctadecenoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis-(2-ethylhexyl) ester, octacosane, n-heneicosane, and tetratetracontane.
REVIEW: ANTOSIANIN DAN PEMANFAATANNYA Melania Priska; Natalia Peni; Ludovicus Carvallo; Yulius Dala Ngapa
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 6 No 2 (2018): Volume 6, Nomor 2, 2018
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK: Antosianin merupakan senyawa turunan polifenol yang keberadaannya sangat melimpah di alam dengan keanekaragaman dalam berbagai jenis tumbuhan dan memiliki banyak fungsi fisiologis penting pada setiap organisme hidup. Antosianin selain bertanggung jawab memberikan warna oranye hingga hitam pada tumbuhan tingkat tinggi, antosianin juga berperan sebagai pelindung dari adanya cekaman biotik dan abiotik; serta sebagai fotoprotektor terhadap radiasi sinar UV-B. Pemanfaataan antosianin pada tumbuhan lebih banyak dipergunakan dalam bidang pangan; kesehatan (sediaan farmasi); dan industri (kosmetik) karena tidak memiliki efek berbahaya. Efektifitas antosianin yang baik untuk menjaga kesehatan dan menurunkan kadar penyakit kronis yaitu apabila mengonsumsi antosianin pada wanita antara 19,8 – 64,9 mg dan pada pria sekitar 18,4 – 44,1 mg setiap hari. Kata kunci: Antosianin, Biosintesis, dan Polifenol. ABSTRACT: Anthocyanin is a polyphenol derivative compound whose existence is very abundant in nature within many kind of plants and has many important physiological functions on each living organisms. Anthocyanin in addition has been known that gives an orange color to black on higher grade plants and also has a role as a protection from the biotic and abiotic stress and as a photoprotector to UV-B radiation. The applications of anthocyanin contained in plants are more likely to be used in food industries, health purposes (pharmaceutical industries), and cosmetic industries due to their because they do not have harmful effects on humans. The good effectivity of anthocyanin to maintain the human health and can reduce the levels of chronic diseases if it is regurally consumed every day at dose of 19.8 - 64,9 mg for woman and of 18,4 - 44,1 mg for man.
SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA HAND AND BODY CREAM DENGAN PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK ETANOL BUNGA GEMITIR (Tagetes erecta L.) DAN BUNGA PACAR AIR MERAH (Impatiens balsamina L.) DARI LIMBAH CANANG Ika Paramitha, Dewa Ayu; Sibarani, James; Suaniti, Ni Made
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 5 No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Graduate Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK: Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengembangan formula sediaan hand and body cream dengan memanfaatkan sumber antioksidan yang dimiliki oleh dua jenis ekstrak etanol yaitu ekstrak bunga pacar air merah (Impatiens balsamina L.) dan bunga gemitir (Tagetes erecta L.) dengan taraf perlakuan sebesar 1% dari masing-masing ekstrak (FPM dan FG) dan campuran 0,5% ekstrak pacar air merah dan 0,5% ekstrak gemitir (FCPMG). Pengujian terhadap produk dilakukan pada sifat fisikokimia meliputi pH, viskositas, aktivitas antioksidan, angka lempeng total mikroba, dan ukuran partikel. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian produk hand and body cream yang dihasilkan memiliki antioksidan yang cukup tinggi sebagai produk perawatan tubuh dengan penambahan 1% ekstrak etanol pacar air merah, gemitir dan campuran dari kedua ekstrak etanol. Kualitas produk hand and body cream yang dihasilkan baik dan memenuhi standar mutu SNI dari aspek nilai pH, viskositas, dan nilai ALT. Warna yang dihasilkan mulai dari warna kuning kemerahan sampai dengan warna kuning, dan partikel yang dimiliki oleh produk adalah nanopartikel dengan sistem polidispersi. ABSTRACT: Formulations of hand and body creams using ethanol extracts of flowers of red Impatiens balsamina L. And Tagetes erecta L. As antioxidant sources have been developed. One percent of extracts (FPM and FG) and the mixture of 0.5% each extracts (FCPMG) were added to the basic formula. The analysis of physicochemical properties of the products was conducted including pH, viscosity, antioxidant activity, the size of the particles, and total microbial plate numbers. Based on the results, the quality of the hand and body creams meet the national standard of Indonesia (SNI) regarding to pH, viscosity, and the total microbial numbers. The colours of the hand and body creams resulted are reddish yellow to yellow with polydispersion nanoparticles.
DESAIN PRIMER UNTUK AMPLIFIKASI FRAGMEN GEN inhA ISOLAT 134 MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE TUBERCULOSIS (MDR-TB) DENGAN METODE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION Luk Ketut Budi Maitriani; I Nengah Wirajana; Sagung Chandra Yowani
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 3 No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK    : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh sepasang primer terbaik hasil desain secara in silico menggunakan program Clone Manager Suite 6 (University of Groningen). Primer ini didesain untuk digunakan dalam mengamplifikasi fragmen gen inhA isolat klinis Multidrug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) mencakup kodon 94 (nukleotida 280-282). Kodon 94 gen inhA merupakan posisi yang sering mengalami mutasi dan mengakibatkan koresisten terhadap isoniazid dan ethionamid. Desain primer menggunakan sekuen gen inhA Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang diperoleh dari situs www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (GenBank : AF106077). Hasil desain diperoleh sepasang primer terbaik dan diuji secara in vitro menggunakan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Template DNA yang digunakan adalah isolat klinis MDR-TB. Proses amplifikasi diawali dengan denaturasi awal pada 95°C selama 15 menit dan diikuti oleh 45 siklus amplifikasi (denaturasi pada suhu 94°C selama 1 menit, annealing pada 56°C selama 1 menit 20 detik dan elongasi pada 72°C selama 2 menit) serta diakhiri dengan elongasi akhir pada 72°C selama 10 menit. Produk PCR dideteksi menggunakan elektroforesis gel agarosa 1,5%. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah diperoleh sepasang primer terbaik berdasarkan kriteria pada program Clone Manager Suite 6 (University of Groningen), meliputi: panjang primer, %GC, Tm (melting temperature), interaksi primer (dimers dan hairpins), stabilitas primer, repeats, runs dan false priming. Primer tersebut meliputi, primer forward (pF-inhA) 5’ CTGGTTAGCGGAATCATCAC 3’ dan primer reverse (pR-inhA) 5’ CGACCGTCATCCA-GTTGTA 3’ dengan ukuran produk 460 pb.  ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to obtain the best pair of primer as result in silico design using Clone Manager Suite 6 program (University of Groningen). The primer was designed for amplifying inhA gene fragment of Multidrug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) clinical isolates include codon 94 (nucleotide 280-282). Codon 94 of inhA gene is frequently mutated position and can lead to coresistance of isoniazid and ethionamide. The primer was designed using sequences of inhA gene Mycobacterium tuberculosis from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (bank genes: AF106077). Results obtained the best primer pair and tested in vitro using Polymerase Chain Reaction method. DNA template used were MDR-TB clinical isolate. Amplifying process was begun with predenaturation at 95°C for 15 minutes and followed by 45 cycles of amplification (denaturation at 94°C for 1 minutes, annealing at 56°C for 1 minute 20 seconds and extension at 72°C for 2 minutes) with a final extension at 72°C for 10 minutes. The PCR products were detected using 1,5% b/v agarose gel electrophoresis. In conclusion the best primer pair selected based on the criteria of the Clone Manager Suite 6 program (University of Groningen) such as: primer length, %GC, Tm (melting temperature), primers interaction (dimers and hairpins), stability, repeats, runs, and false priming. The primer sequence were forward primer (pF-inhA) 5’ CTGGTTAGCGGAATCATCAC 3' and reverse primer (pR-inhA) 5' CGACCGTCATCC-AGTTGTA 3' with the length 460 bp. ne if they are suitable for consumption according to the guideline by the Director General of Food and Drug Monitoring in terms of lead and cadmium contents. The study was conducted by collecting samples in the area of ??the Sungai Mati estuary and Pemogan area. Samples were prepared by wet destruction method using reverse aqua regia and were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) at 283,3 nm for Pb and 228,8 nm for Cd. The results show that all fruits investigated contain Pb and Cd with consentrations higher than the guideline.  
REDUKSI ION KROMIUM HEKSAVALEN MENGGUNAKAN FOTOKATALIS ZEOLIT ALAM TEREMBANKAN TiO2 DAN RADIASI SINAR UV I Made Sutha Negara; I Nengah Simpen; Ewa Satriawijaya
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 7 No 2 (2019): volume 7, Nomor 2, 2019
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK: Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari kemampuan katalis zeolit alam terembankan TiO2 (zeolit alam/TiO2) untuk reduksi ion kromium heksavalen [Cr(VI)] pada variasi massa pengembanan TiO2 terhadap zeolit alam, variasi waktu penyinaran, dan variasi pH larutan Cr(VI). Selain itu, dipelajari pula keterkaitan antara persentase reduksi Cr(VI) terhadap karakteristik zeolit alam/TiO2 pada kondisi optimumnya. Katalis zeolit alam/TiO2 dianalisis asam-basa permukaan secara titrasi asam-basa, gugus fungsi permukann dengan fourier transform infrared (FTIR), luas permukaan secara sorpsi methylene blue, kristalinitas dan rerata ukuran kristal ditentukan dengan X-ray diffraction (XRD), dan morfologi permukaan dengan scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Jumlah Cr(VI) yang tereduksi dalam proses fotokatalisis dianalisis dengan spektroskopi UV-vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik terbaik diperoleh pada katalis zeolit alam/TiO2 (100:9). Kondisi optimum reduksi Cr(VI) oleh zeolit alam/TiO2 (100:9) diperoleh pada waktu penyinaran 60 menit dan pH larutan 1, dengan reduksi sebesar 94,73% lebih efektif dibandingkan TiO2 tunggal (77,09%). Katalis tersebut potensial digunakan untuk reduksi Cr(VI). Kata kunci: zeolit alam/TiO2, Cr(VI), fotokatalis, reduksi ABSTRACT: Research to study the ability of TiO2 inserted natural zeolite (natural zeolite/TiO2) for reduction of hexavalent chromium ions [Cr(VI)] on various massa of TiO2 insertion toward natural zeolite, irradiation time, and pH of Cr(VI) solution was done. The other hand, relationship of percentage Cr(VI) reduction to natural zeolite/TiO2 characteritics on its optimum condition could be determinated too. Catalyst of natural zeolite/TiO2 was analyzed surface acidity-basicity by acid-base titration method, surface fuctional groups by FTIR, surface area by sorption of methylene blue, crystallinity and mean crystal size by XRD, and surface morphology by SEM. The amount of Cr(VI) reduction in photocatalytic were analyzed by UV-vis spectroscopic. Result showed that the catalyst of natural zeolite/TiO2 (100:9) had best characteristics. The optimum condition of Cr(VI) reduction were irradiation time of 60 minutes and pH 1, with percentage its reduction of 94.73% more effective than TiO2 catalyst (77.09%), which was potential to Cr(VI) reduction.
PREPARASI TiO2-TERSENSITIFKAN AgCl DENGAN TEKNIK REFLUKS DALAM SUASANA ASAM DAN KARAKTERISASINYA Ratna Novita Sari; Hari Sutrisno
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 6 No 1 (2018): Volume 6, Nomor 1, 2018
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

ABSTRAK: Titanium dioksida (TiO2)-tersensitifkan variasi prosen berat AgCl (TiO2@AgCl): 0; 1,3; 3,4; 8,3 dan 15,2% dihasilkan dalam suasana asam. Material TiO2@AgCl dipreparasi dari reaksi emulsi TiO2 (rutile)-teradsorpsikan ion Cl-, AgNO3, dan HNO3 dengan teknik refluks pada temperatur 150oC selama 6 jam. Keberadaan AgCl sebagai sensitiser terbentuk dari reaksi ion Cl- yang terabsorbsi pada permukaan TiO2(rutile) dengan ion Ag+ yang berasal dari larutan AgNO3. Sampel TiO2@AgCl yang berisi variasi % berat AgCl: 0; 1,3; 3,4; 8,3 dan 15,2% diperoleh dari reaksi TiO2 (rutile) teradsorpsi ion Cl- dengan variasi % berat perak (Ag): 0; 1,5; 3; 6 dan 9% yang berasal dari AgNO3. Semua TiO2@AgCl yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi dengan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance. Dalam semua sampel (TiO2@AgCl) mengandung anatase (minor), AgCl (minor) dan rutile (major), kecuali pada TiO2 tanpa AgCl hanya berisi anatase (minor) dan rutile (major). Energi celah pita (Eg) sampel TiO2@AgCl pada prosen berat AgCl: 1,3; 3,4; 8,3 dan 15,2% secara berturut-turut: 3,24; 3,00; 3,09 dan 2,95 eV, sedangkan pada TiO2 tanpa AgCl sebesar 3,05 eV. Ukuran kristal masing-masing fasa dalam TiO2@AgCl yaitu sekitar 5-9 nm untuk fasa anatase, 9-11 nm untuk fasa rutile dan 37-60 nm untuk fasa AgCl. Kata Kunci: pensensitif anorganik, teknik refluks, energi celah pita ABSTRACT: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) sensitized AgCl variations in weight percent (wt%) (TiO2@AgCl): 0; 1.3; 3.4; 8.3 and 15.2% were obtained on the acidic conditions (pH»2). Materials of TiO2@AgCl were obtained from the reaction of TiO2(rutile) adsorbed Cl- ions, AgNO3, and HNO3 via reflux technique at temperatures of 150oC for 6 hours. The existence of AgCl as sensitiser formed from the reaction of Cl-ions are absorbed on the surface of TiO2 (rutile) with Ag+ ions originating from AgNO3 solution. Samples of TiO2@AgCl that contain variations wt% AgCl: 0; 1.3; 3.4; 8.3 and 15.2% was obtained from the reaction of TiO2(rutile) adsorbed Cl- ions at variation wt% of silver (Ag): 0; 1.5; 3; 6 and 9% originating from AgNO3. All of TiO2@AgCl were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Diffuse Reflectance. In all samples (TiO2@AgCl) contains anatase (minor), AgCl (minor) and rutile (major), except on TiO2 without AgCl only contain anatase (minor) and rutile (major). Band gap (Eg) of TiO2@AgCl at AgCl variations in wt%: 1.3; 3.4; 8.3 and 15.2% is 3.24; 3.00; 3.09 and 2.95 eV respectively, whereas the band gap of TiO2 without AgCl is 3.05 eV. The size of each crystal phase on TiO2@AgCl is about 5-9 nm for the anatase phase, 9-11 nm for the rutile phase and 37-60 nm for AgCl phase.
POTENSI ZAT AKTIF ANTIKANKER SOLASODIN TERENKAPUSULASI PADA ZEOLIT KLINOPTILOLIT SEBAGAI SISTEM PENGANTAR OBAT (DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM) I Made Wisnu Adhi Putra; I Gede Mustika
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 4 No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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Abstract

Sistem penghantar obat merupakan formulasi obat atau alat yang memungkinkan pemasukan obat ke dalam tubuh dan meningkatkan kemanjuran dan keamanan obat dengan mengontrol laju, waktu, dan situs lepas obat di dalam tubuh. Dalam penelitian ini, sistem penghantar obat dibuat dengan enkapsulasi senyawa aktif antikanker solasodin (SSD) pada zeolit klinoptilolit (CLI) dengan variasi konsentrasi larutan awal solasodin. Sistem penghantar obat hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, XRD dan N2 sorption analyzer. Jumlah solasodin terenkapsulasi dihitung menggunakan metode gravimetri sederhana. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR menunjukkan tidak terjadi perubahan gugus fungsi pada zeolit ketika solasodin dienkapsulasi. Hasil XRD juga menyatakan bahwa tidak terjadi perubahan struktur kristal pada zeolit karena enkapsualasi solasodin. Luas permukaan zeolit ditemukan menurun ketika solasodin terenkapsulasi. Enkapsulasi solasodin pada zeolit klinoptilolit secara optimum terjadi pada pH 9. Jumlah solasodin terenkapsulasi secara maksimum terjadi pada konsentrasi larutan awal solasodin 250 mg/L. Uji in vitro menunjukkan bahwa pelepasan solasodin tidak terjadi pada cairan lambung simulasi (pH 1,2) selama 12 jam. Pada cairan usus simulasi (pH 7,4), solasodin perlahan-lahan lepas pada 4 jam pertama, meningkat drastis pada jam ke-5, dan menurun perlahan-lahan pada jam ke-6 sampai jam ke-12. Drug delivery system (DDS) is drug formulation or device that allows the drugs administration within the body and increases drug efficacy and safety by controlling drugs rate, time, and release sites in the body. In this research, we made drug delivery systems by encapsulating anticancer active compound solasodine (SSD) into clinoptilolite zeolite (CLI) with the variation of initial concentration of solasodine. The as-synthetized drug delivery systems were then characterized by using FTIR, XRD and N2 sorption analyzer. The amount of solasodine encapsulated on zeolite was calculated by using simple gravimetric method. FTIR results showed that there were no alteration in functional groups of zeolite when solasodine encapsulated into zeolite. XRD results also confirmed that there were no zeolite crystalline structure changes after the encapsulation of solasodine. Surface area of zeolite was found to decrease as the solasodine encapsulated into zeolites. Based on the effect of pH test, it was found that the maximum amount of solasodine encapsulated into zeolite structure was occurred at pH of 9. Meanwhile, the encapsulation of solasodine in various concentrations reached the maximum at the concentration of solasodine of 250 mg/L. The release of solasodine did not happen in simulated gastric solution (pH of 1.2) over 12 hours. In simulated intestine solution (pH of 7.4), solasodine was gradually released in the first four hours, drastically released in the fifth hour, and gradually released again in the sixth hour until twelfth hour.

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