Jurnal Teknik Mesin
Jurnal Teknik Mesin (JTM) adalah Peer-reviewed Jurnal tentang hasil Penelitian, Karsa Cipta, Penerapan dan Kebijakan Teknologi. JTM tersedia dalam dua versi yaitu cetak (p-ISSN: 2089-7235) dan online (e-ISSN: 2549-2888), diterbitkan 3 (tiga) kali dalam setahun pada bulan Februari, Juni dan Oktober. Focus and Scope: Acoustical engineering concerns the manipulation and control of vibration, especially vibration isolation and the reduction of unwanted sounds; Aerospace engineering, the application of engineering principles to aerospace systems such as aircraft and spacecraft; Automotive engineering, the design, manufacture, and operation of motorcycles, automobiles, buses, and trucks; Energy Engineering is a broad field of engineering dealing with energy efficiency, energy services, facility management, plant engineering, environmental compliance, and alternative energy technologies. Energy engineering is one of the more recent engineering disciplines to emerge. Energy engineering combines knowledge from the fields of physics, math, and chemistry with economic and environmental engineering practices; Manufacturing engineering concerns dealing with different manufacturing practices and the research and development of systems, processes, machines, tools, and equipment; Materials Science and Engineering, relate with biomaterials, computational materials, environment, and green materials, science and technology of polymers, sensors and bioelectronics materials, constructional and engineering materials, nanomaterials and nanotechnology, composite and ceramic materials, energy materials and harvesting, optical, electronic and magnetic materials, structure materials; Microscopy: applications of an electron, neutron, light, and scanning probe microscopy in biomedicine, biology, image analysis system, physics, the chemistry of materials, and Instrumentation. The conference will also present feature recent methodological developments in microscopy by scientists and equipment manufacturers; Power plant engineering, the field of engineering that designs, construct, and maintains different types of power plants. Serves as the prime mover to produce electricity, such as Geothermal power plants, Coal-fired power plants, Hydroelectric power plants, Diesel engine (ICE) power plants, Tidal power plants, Wind Turbine Power Plants, Solar power plants, Thermal engineering concerns heating or cooling of processes, equipment, or enclosed environments: Air Conditioning; Refrigeration; Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning (HVAC) and Refrigerating; Vehicle engineering, the design, manufacture, and operation of the systems and equipment that propel and control vehicles.
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<![CDATA[Thermal and Flame Retardant Performance of Glass Fiber-Reinforced UPR Composites Modified with Boric Acid and Sodium Silicate ]]>
<![CDATA[Kristiawan, Ruben Bayu]]>;
<![CDATA[Pramudi, Ganjar]]>;
<![CDATA[Roni, Komar]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Mesin (Journal Of Mechanical Engineering) Vol 14, No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Mercu Buana ]]>
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DOI: 10.22441/jtm.v14i2.33580
<![CDATA[This study investigates the effect of sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃) and boric acid (BA) as flame-retardant additives in unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) reinforced with E-glass fibres. The fire performance of the composites was evaluated based on varying additive concentrations by % volume fraction, using standardised testing methods in burning rate (BR) with ASTM D 635-22. Results indicate that Na₂SiO₃ contributes to fire resistance by forming a thermally stable, glass-like barrier, while BA proves more effective by interrupting combustion reactions and generating protective boron oxide residue. Notably, the combination of Na₂SiO₃ and BA produced a synergistic effect, resulting in a significant reduction in burning rate. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) further confirmed the enhanced thermal stability of the composite, particularly in the NB10 formulation with 2% Na₂SiO₃ and 8% BA, which demonstrated the slowest degradation at elevated temperatures. These findings suggest that optimising the ratio of Na₂SiO₃ and BA yields high-performance, fire-retardant composites suitable for applications demanding superior fire resistance and thermal durability, such as electric vehicle safety components.]]>
<![CDATA[ANALYSIS OF WATER INGRESS OF COMPOSITE SANDWICH STRUCTURE ON CABIN FLOOR OF AIRBUS A330 AIRCRAFT USING ANSYS ]]>
<![CDATA[Hermawan, Agus]]>;
<![CDATA[Fitri, Muhamad]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Mesin (Journal Of Mechanical Engineering) Vol 14, No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Mercu Buana ]]>
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DOI: 10.22441/jtm.v14i2.32006
<![CDATA[Abstract - The rapid advancement of aviation technology necessitates rigorous structural evaluations to ensure safety and efficiency. This study focuses on analyzing water ingress in sandwich composite structures used in the cabin floor of the Airbus A330, employing Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) and simulation methods. Using thermography, areas with water ingress were identified, with darker regions indicating trapped moisture within the composite layers. Two cases were analyzed: one with areas requiring repair and another within acceptable damage limits as per the Structure Repair Manual (SRM). The study simulated the effects of pressure and temperature using ANSYS. Results revealed minimal pressure differences, with values ranging between 0 and 0.80 atm. Temperature simulations showed a range of 21°C to 24°C, suggesting potential condensation that could lead to water ingress. Structural simulations evaluated the composite's deformation, elastic strain, and stress distribution. The maximum deformation was 5.1138 mm, with elastic strain peaking at 0.0033772 mm/mm and stress von Mises reaching 591.74 MPa, well within the material's safety threshold. This research highlights the importance of periodic inspections and advanced simulation techniques in maintaining composite structures. Recommendations include utilizing additional NDT methods, such as ultrasonic testing, to enhance detection accuracy and investigating actual cabin conditions to refine future analyses.]]>
<![CDATA[Analysis of The Effect of Temperature Variations and Natural Gas Flow on Zinc Oxide (Zno) Quality Results Using The French Method ]]>
<![CDATA[Suyadi, Yadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Alva, Sagir]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Mesin (Journal Of Mechanical Engineering) Vol 14, No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Mercu Buana ]]>
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DOI: 10.22441/jtm.v14i2.31993
<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the effect of temperature and gas flow variations on the quality of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) produced in terms of particle size and product purity using the French method. The French method is a standard production technique used to manufacture ZnO, which utilizes the oxidation of zinc metal at high temperatures. The problem in the ZnO manufacturing process is determining what natural gas temperature and flow will be used to obtain the best quality, considering fuel consumption and production efficiency. In this study, temperature variations of 900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C and natural gas flow using CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) with variations of 50 m3/hour, 55m3/hour, 60m3/hour were applied to understand how these parameters affect the properties of the resulting ZnO, characterization of the results was carried out using the complexometric titration method with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution to determine the purity of the resulting ZnO and using a laser diffraction instrument to examine the size of ZnO particles. The results showed that the process temperature significantly affected the purity of ZnO. At a temperature of 1100 °C, the purity of ZnO reached 99.94%, which is the testing value in this study. At a gas flow of 60 m3/h, the purity of ZnO tends to be stable at a value of 99.93–99.94%. Meanwhile, the results of particle measurements at a temperature of 900°C with a gas flow of 50 m3/h, D50 reached 1.235 µm. At a temperature of 1100°C with a gas flow of 60 m3/h, D50 decreased to 1.089 µm. This particle size indicates that high temperatures encourage agglomeration reduction, resulting in finer ZnO particles. This study concludes that temperature and gas flow parameters play an important role in controlling the quality of ZnO produced through the method, with oxygen gas flow at high temperatures giving optimal results.]]>
<![CDATA[Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of Medium Bus Frame Structure ]]>
<![CDATA[Kurniadi, Ninda]]>;
<![CDATA[Priyanto, Kaleb]]>;
<![CDATA[Gojandra, Farda Pega Libra]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Mesin (Journal Of Mechanical Engineering) Vol 14, No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Mercu Buana ]]>
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DOI: 10.22441/jtm.v14i2.33587
<![CDATA[Bus is a very important transportation for all people in the world. The majority of a bus that operates still uses non-renewable fuel. The conventional bus produces exhaust emissions that can damage the environment. Current research is about changing the conventional internal combustion engine bus into an electric bus, therefore it is necessary to test the strength of the frame structure to determine its strength after changing with the electric system. The objective of this current study is to analyze the bending strength and optimization of a medium electric bus frame structure using the Finite Element Method in static conditions. Optimization will be conducted after obtaining results of bending analysis to determine the minimum weight of the bus frame structure without violating bending strength. The results of the bending analysis are stress and displacement which will be used as a constraint in the optimization process. The optimization that will be used is size optimization. The design variable is the thickness of each bus frame structure. Results show that the weight of the structure is reduced by 12% without compromising on strength and safety requirements.]]>
<![CDATA[Performance Analysis of R600a as a Replacement for R134a in a Household Refrigeration System ]]>
<![CDATA[Sudarma, Andi Firdaus]]>;
<![CDATA[Carles, Henry]]>;
<![CDATA[Azhar, Azmi]]>;
<![CDATA[Akmal, Muhammad]]>;
<![CDATA[Sirait, Alfa Firdaus]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Mesin (Journal Of Mechanical Engineering) Vol 14, No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Mercu Buana ]]>
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DOI: 10.22441/jtm.v14i2.32326
<![CDATA[This study evaluates the performance of a 50-liter mini refrigerator using R600a as an alternative to the factory-default refrigerant, R134a. The experimental setup included pressure gauges and digital thermometers to measure key parameters such as temperature and pressure at critical points in the refrigeration cycle. Tests were conducted under two scenarios: no-load and a 4 kg chicken meat load. Initially, the system operated with R134a at 16 bar and 20 g charge before being evacuated and recharged with R600a at the same pressure. Data was collected over a 10-minute period under stable conditions and analyzed using a P-h (Pressure-Enthalpy) diagram to determine enthalpy, refrigeration effect, compressor work, and coefficient of performance (COP). The effect of using R600a, efficiency increased 4% without load and 7% with load operation compared to R134a system. While COP actual has increased 5% and 10% respectively. The results indicate that R600a offers comparable performance to R134a while presenting potential advantages in terms of energy efficiency and environmental impact. These findings contribute to the ongoing evaluation of R600a as a sustainable replacement for R134a in household refrigeration applications.]]>
<![CDATA[Optimization of Impact and Thermal Performance of Phenolic Composites through Bentonite Reinforcement ]]>
<![CDATA[Gojandra, Farda Pega Libra]]>;
<![CDATA[Priyanto, Kaleb]]>;
<![CDATA[Kurniadi, Ninda]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Mesin (Journal Of Mechanical Engineering) Vol 14, No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Mercu Buana ]]>
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DOI: 10.22441/jtm.v14i2.33593
<![CDATA[This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of montmorillonite bentonite powder on the mechanical properties and burn resistance of phenolic resin-based composites. Composite samples were made with variations in bentonite weight fractions of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The impact test was carried out using the Izod method to determine the energy absorption and impact price, while the burn resistance was tested based on the ASTM D635 standard to determine the Time of Burning (TOB) and the Rate of Burning (ROB). The test results showed that the addition of bentonite lowered the impact price, with the highest value of 0.0082 J/mm² in the 0% fraction and the lowest of 0.0008 J/mm² in the 5% fraction. The highest absorption energy is obtained in the 10% fraction of 0.145 J. This decrease in mechanical performance is influenced by the inhomogeneous distribution of the catalyst and the presence of voids in the composite structure. In contrast, the addition of bentonite provides a significant increase in burn resistance. Composites with a fraction of 15% show the highest TOB of 20 seconds and the lowest ROB of 9.4 mm/min, indicating increased flame resistance. The mineral content of montmorillonite in bentonites, such as silica and alumina, contributes to slowing down the rate of combustion through increased material density and stable thermal properties. The results of this study show that montmorillonite bentonite powder has the potential to be used as a flame retardant additive in composite materials, but it needs to be studied further to maintain a balance between fire resistance and mechanical strength.]]>
<![CDATA[UTILIZATION OF CORN COB WASTE AS COMPOSITE BOARD (FIBERBOARD) WHICH WILL BE USED AS SOUNDPROOF WALLS ]]>
<![CDATA[Irwan, Yusril]]>;
<![CDATA[Hurahman, Agus Patih]]>;
<![CDATA[Amanullah, Muhammad Naufal]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Mesin (Journal Of Mechanical Engineering) Vol 14, No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Mercu Buana ]]>
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DOI: 10.22441/jtm.v14i2.33537
<![CDATA[Currently, Ciherang Village in Nagreg Regency has abundant corn plantations that serve as the primary livelihood for its residents. The villagers mainly utilize corn kernels for food processing or resale, while the corn cobs are partially used to produce briquettes. However, a large amount of corn cob waste remains unutilized, often discarded into rivers or left in front of houses, creating an unpleasant sight and odor.One potential solution is to process the corn cob waste into composite boards (fiberboard), which are planned to be used as soundproofing materials for rooms or motor vehicles. This initiative aims to promote waste utilization, recycling, and contribute to the green economy. To assess the soundproofing characteristics of the fiberboard, several tests will be conducted, including acoustic testing, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, vibration, density, recovery, and water absorption testing.]]>
<![CDATA[FLEXURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ROLL-WRAPPED GFRP COMPOSITE HOLLOW SQUARE TUBE ]]>
<![CDATA[Priyanto, Kaleb]]>;
<![CDATA[Haniel, Haniel]]>;
<![CDATA[Palmiyanto, Martinus Heru]]>;
<![CDATA[Priyambodo, Bambang Hari]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Mesin (Journal Of Mechanical Engineering) Vol 14, No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Mercu Buana ]]>
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DOI: 10.22441/jtm.v14i2.33558
<![CDATA[This research characterizes the bending behavior of hollow square tube glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites using the roll-wrapping method. CSM (Chopped Strand Mat) and WRM (Woven Roving Mat) glass fibers were chosen as reinforcing constituents with epoxy as the matrix. Glass fiber was chosen because it has strength, stiffness, lightness, corrosion resistance and high-temperature resistance. These properties can be utilized for frame and structural applications in various types of transportation equipment. The roll-wrapping technique was chosen for manufacturing GFRP composite hollow square tubes. The roll-wrapping technique is the simplest method and does not require a lot of money. The bending test using the Three Point Bending method is based on the ASTM D7264 test standard. In addition, macroscopic observations of the specimen's cross-section after experiencing a bending load are carried out to determine the product failure criteria. Bending tests were conducted on two types of GFRP composites, hollow square tube products produced from CSM and WRM fibers. The bending test results showed that the CSM fiber-reinforced composite has higher stress values (167.122 MPa) and strain (0.055%) compared to the WRM fiber-reinforced composite, which has stress values of 78.339 MPa and strain of 0.030%. The results of macro photo analysis show that random fiber composites dominate tensile failure while woven fiber composites dominate compressive failure. Failure analysis through macro photos is a critical process in determining the physical root cause of the problem]]>
<![CDATA[Analysis of Adhesion Strength and Surface Hardness of 6061 Aluminum Alloy Resulting from Powder Coating with Variations in Sandblasting Process Time ]]>
<![CDATA[Hasugian, Panca Putra]]>;
<![CDATA[Salahudin, Xander]]>;
<![CDATA[Mulyaningsih, Nani]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Mesin (Journal Of Mechanical Engineering) Vol 14, No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Mercu Buana ]]>
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DOI: 10.22441/jtm.v14i2.32946
<![CDATA[The success of powder coating is highly dependent on specimen preparation, one of which is sandblasting. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in sandblasting time on surface roughness, adhesion strength, and surface hardness of powder coated 6061 aluminum alloy. The research method used was quantitative experimental. Specimens measuring 50 mm × 50 mm × 3 mm were sandblasted with time variations of 15 seconds, 35 seconds, and 55 seconds, and their surface roughness was measured. Furthermore, the specimens that have undergone the sandblasting process will be continued for the powder coating process and tested for adhesion strength and surface hardness. The results showed that the highest roughness, adhesion strength, and surface hardness were found in the 55-second variation with a roughness value of 6.18 µm, an adhesion strength value of 5.63 MPa, and a surface hardness value of 14.45 VHN. This shows that the longer the sandblasting time, the higher the surface roughness, the higher the adhesion strength and the surface hardness.The success of powder coating is highly dependent on specimen preparation, one of which is sandblasting. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in sandblasting time on surface roughness, adhesion strength, and surface hardness of powder coated 6061 aluminum alloy. The research method used was quantitative experimental. Specimens measuring 50 mm × 50 mm × 3 mm were sandblasted with time variations of 15 seconds, 35 seconds, and 55 seconds, and their surface roughness was measured. Furthermore, the specimens that have undergone the sandblasting process will be continued for the powder coating process and tested for adhesion strength and surface hardness. The results showed that the highest roughness, adhesion strength, and surface hardness were found in the 55-second variation with a roughness value of 6.18 µm, an adhesion strength value of 5.63 MPa, and a surface hardness value of 14.45 VHN. This shows that the longer the sandblasting time, the higher the surface roughness, the higher the adhesion strength and the surface hardness.]]>
<![CDATA[DESIGN ANALYSIS OF AXIAL FLUX PERMANENT MAGNET GENERATOR FOR EXHAUST AC VERSION-3 TYPE B OUTPUT WIND POWER PLANT PROTOTYPE ]]>
<![CDATA[Alam, Muhammad Ramadhan Noor]]>;
<![CDATA[Golwa, Gian Villany]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Mesin (Journal Of Mechanical Engineering) Vol 14, No 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Mercu Buana ]]>
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DOI: 10.22441/jtm.v14i2.15993
<![CDATA[Outside AC exhaust wind power plant is one of the micro-scale renewable energies developed in the last five years. One of the main components of a power plant is a generator. The generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. An axial flux permanent magnet generator is believed to be the most appropriate generator for a power plant with a low-speed wind power source, such as outside AC exhaust. A design analysis needs to be done to produce an axial flux permanent magnet generator capable of producing 12vdc electric voltage, which will be used to charge the battery. This research uses the theoretical calculation analysis method on three rotor designs with different sizes and obtained rotor design 1 with the most considerable maximum flux value of 0.000998352 Wb. The calculation of the generator output planning signifies that to obtain an output voltage of 12 Vdc at a frequency of 20 Hz, 166 turns of wire are needed. The output of 12.8 Vdc was successfully generated after the generators were connected in series parallel at a frequency of 27.5 Hz. The wind speed entering the power plant inlet was 5.8 m/s, with generator one at a speed of 682 rpm, generator two at 749 rpm, and generator three at 888 rpm, which will then be used to charge the 12 Vdc battery. After a load test using a 12 Vdc 6Watt lamp on the designed axial flux permanent magnet generator, it can be seen that the voltage drop begins to occur at a frequency of 22.5 Hz when the current flow begins to rise. During the no-load test, at a frequency of 22.5 Hz, the measured DC voltage was 9.2 Vdc. Meanwhile, when testing with a 12 Vdc 6Watt lamp load at a frequency of 22.5 Hz, the measured voltage is 5 Vdc. There is a voltage drop of 4.2 Vdc. Furthermore, there is a voltage drop of 2.8 Vdc, 3.8 Vdc, 4.6 Vdc, and 5.2 Vdc at 25 Hz, 27.5 Hz, 30 Hz, and 32.5 Hz. This prototype of an outside AC exhaust wind power plant is expected to be useful for daily needs in the community.]]>
