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E-Journal of Linguistics
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : -     EISSN : 24427586     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media
E-JURNAL LINGUISTIK adalah jurnal ilmiah linguistik yang terbit dua kali setahun, yaitu bulan Maret dan September yang dimulai pada awal bulan September. Jurnal ini memuat artikel yang mengkaji aspek-aspek kebahasaan, baik mikrolinguistik maupun makrolinguistik. Penerbitan jurnal ini bertujuan untuk mewadahi pemublikasian karya tulis ilmiah mahasiswa Program Magister (S2) Linguistik) Program Pascasarjana Universitas Udayana.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol.7. Januari 2013 No. 1" : 6 Documents clear
CODE-CROSSING: HIERARCHICAL POLITENESS IN JAVANESE Majid Wajdi; I Ketut Darma Laksana; I Made Suastra; I Made Budiarsa
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol.7. Januari 2013 No. 1
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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Abstract

Javanese is a well known for its speech levels called ngoko ‘low’ and krama ‘high’ which enable its speakers to show intimacy, deference, and hierarchy among the society members. This research applied critically Brown and Gilman (1960)’s theory of terms of address to analyze the asymmetrical, factors which influence, and politeness of the use of speech levels in Javanese.                                                                                                   Method of observation, in depth interview, and document study were applied to collect the data. Recorded conversation was then transcribed into written form, classified and codified according to the speech levels, and analyzed using politeness system (Scollon and Scollon, 2001) and status scale (Homes, 2001).                                                                       The use of speech levels shows asymmetric communication: two speakers use two different codes, i.e. ngoko and krama because of power (+P) and with/without distance (+/-D), and it is the reflection of hierarchical politeness. The asymmetrical use of ngoko and krama by God and His Angel, God and human beings strongly explicated the asymmetrical communication between superiors and inferiors. The finding of the research shows that the use of ngoko and krama could present the phenomena of code-switching, code-mixing, and the fundamental phenomenon is ‘code-crossing’. It is concluded that hierarchical politeness in Javanese is ‘social contract’ i.e. the acknowledgment of the existence of high class (superior) and low class (inferior)  implemented in ‘communications contract’  using speech levels of the Javanese language  in line with status scale. Asymmetrical use of ngoko and krama indexed inequality, hierarchy, and harmony
Rakawi Language in the Past and Present Time A.A. Gde Alit Geria Alit Geria; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma Weda Kusuma; I Made Suastika Suastika; I Nyoman Suarka Suarka
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol.7. Januari 2013 No. 1
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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Abstract

Jawa Kuna is one of the oldest documentary languages that has the richest materials as well as fine and noble national cultural values. Jawa Kuna is the key to revealing the history of the cultural life in Indonesia in the past. Therefore, studying Jawa Kuna is like digging up the “hidden pearl” because the scintillating beam or supreme (adiluhung) teachings implied in it can be used as guidance (s?suluh) in everyday life. A very strong desire of the experts of Jawa Kuna to discover the history and the richness of culture in the ancient time has succeeded in changing the image of Jawa Kuna from being “a distant jungle, scary and horrible” into “a virgin forest that is very close, friendly and attractive”. In Bali, the influence of Jawa Kuna has existed since the 10th century until the globalization era nowadays. Jawa Kuna has been greatly cherished by the rakawi in creating a piece of literature (parwa, kakawin) until the beginning of the 21st century. As a media in exploring the Hindu and Buddhist literature, Jawa Kuna language is preserved not merely in the sense that it is read, sung and discussed, but it is also shown with the creation of  new Kakawin using Jawa Kuna language by Balinese Rakawi (authors) namely Made Degung, I Wayan Mandra, and I Wayan Pamit. Those three Balinese rakawi have been able to comprehend one similar problem (Siwa-Buddha) by using the same hypogram as well (Siwagama), and then it is packed in their own style into a very beautiful piece of kakawin (langö).
SOCIAL CRITICISM IN THE POEMS AND DRAMAS CREATED BY W.S. RENDRA FROM NINETEEN SEVENTIES TO NINETEEN NINETIES I Ketut Sudewa; I Nyoman Darma Putra; I Nyoman Kutha Ratna
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol.7. Januari 2013 No. 1
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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Abstract

This study analyzed the poems and dramas created by W.S. Rendra which were published from nineteen seventies to nineteen nineties. Such an era was a period of time during which Rendra creatively created his literary works. Politically, the decade from nineteen seventies to nineteen nineties was an era during which the Authoritative New Order held the power and did not hesitate to take action against those, including artists, who bravely expressed their criticisms. It was in that repressive period of time that Rendra appeared as a poet who so bravely used the poems and dramas he created to articularize his social criticisms. This study aims at revealing the themes and consistency of the social criticisms expressed by Rendra in the poems and dramas he created. This study was importantly conducted as the social criticisms the literary works Rendra created were not only strong but are still currently factual as well.  Many researchers have analyzed the social criticisms the poems and dramas created by Rendra contained but none had analyzed such a topic comprehensively and consistently. This present study attempted to complete the studies previously conducted so that the ideas, thoughts and concepts expressed by him through his literary works can be more comprehensively understood and exceed the era when they were created. The theory of sociology of literature and the theory of semiotics were used to analyze the social criticisms expressed by Rendra through his literary works. The theory of literature was used to analyze the social criticisms by contextualizing the themes and era when he created his poems and dramas, and the theory of semiotics was used to analyze the meanings of the sign systems the two genres contained. These two theories were used at the same time and were supported by the other relevant theories such as the theory of politics, the theory of capitalism, and the theory of feminism. His dramas were analyzed before his poems so that the consistency of the social criticisms he expressed in the two genres could be described. The result showed that the social criticisms expressed by Rendra in his poems included four great themes; they were values of feminism, education, capitalism and poverty, politics and law. His dramas also contained such social criticisms, as exemplified by the poems “Sajak Sebotol Bir” and “Sajak Pulau Bali” and the drama “Kisah Perjuangan Naga”, which contained the theme of how vicious capitalism was. The language styles used to articulate his social criticisms were also identical, indicated by the use of metaphors, repetitions, paradoxes, rhetorical questions, ironies, and cynicisms.  His consistency in expressing social criticisms through his poems and dramas made him successful in becoming the most talkative man of letters during the Indonesia’s history of literature.
A COMPARISON OF SOME TRANSLATIONS OF GOOGLE AND THOSE OF TIM KUNCI CULTURAL STUDIES CENTER Asril Marjohan Marjohan; Prof. Dr. Drs. Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya, M Putra Yadnya; Aron Meko Mbete Mbete
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol.7. Januari 2013 No. 1
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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Abstract

This study was aimed at describing Google translations by comparing them with those which were carried out by humans. The human translations used in this study were done by Tim Kunci Cultural Studies Center. This study used qualitative-descriptive method. The sample was purposively selected and consisted of 24 sentences from Chris Barker, Cultural Studies and their two translated versions. The evaluation was done by using Sical’s approach. The results showed that Google translations contained more errors than those made by Tim Kunci Cultural Studies Center. Google made errors that fell into the category of violations of linguistic and sociocultural rules or norms. This was caused by the design of Google Translate that was not based on linguistic and sociocultural analyses.  Meanwhile   Tim Kunci Cultural Studies Center made errors that indicated reasoning by guessing meanings from context, as what humans are doing in communication. Google translations needed revising in  the forms of translating words which had been left untranslated, retranslating words which had been wrongly translated because of not considering context, retranslating phrases which had been wrongly translated because of  not analyzing them into their constituents and propositions, retranslating words which had been wrongly translated because of not considering sociocultural norms. In doing the revisions the editor had to read the original text because the translations tended not to give clues to the original patterns of the sentences for their highly varied forms.   Meanwhile, the translations of Tim Kunci Cultural Studies Center needed minor editing to make them more effective. There was no need for an intensive reading of the original for their   more systematic characteristics.
Cohesion and Metaphor Aspects in Andabhuana Text Ida Bagus Mahardika; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma; I Nyoman Mulyono; Ida Bagus Rai Putra
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol.7. Januari 2013 No. 1
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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Abstract

Cohesion and metaphor are the unique and interesting parts of language aspects in Andhabhuan text to research. They are quite dominant aspects in the story in developing its literature aesthetic. This research is based on the arts technical and analytical method. The result of the research on those two aspects shows that traditional aesthetic style in arts, as described in Andabhuana verses emphasize on the reference, meaning, selection and variation of words. The language parts used are aimed at bringing the text ideology to humanity perspective, especially the ?iwatattwa values as parts of Hindu teaching. Hence the cohesion and metaphor in Andabhuana text  are  semiotic description to transform to Balinese Hindus as most of them follow ?iwatattwa belief.
THE STRUGGLE OF GENDER EQUALITY IN FIVE NOVELS OF Nh. DINI Siti Norma Nasution; I Nyoman Kutha Ratna; I Nyoman Weda Kusuma
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol.7. Januari 2013 No. 1
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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Abstract

This study explores the problems of women , patriarchal culture and the fight for gender equality as exposed in Nh. Dini’s novels. There are still many women who are trapped in domestic sector and loose their rights to manage their own lives with their own way. There have been many women who are successful working in public sector, but the number are still very small compared to the number of men who are successful. This study tends to expose the problems of women to reach gender equality for women. This study is importantly conducted because Nh. Dini’s literary works reveal the problems of women related to patriarchal culture which hampers the progress of women. The present study is different with the previous one, because this study explores feminism ideology which is against patriarchal culture and tradition which is still adopted by people as portrayed in five novels of Nh. Dini. The theory of Dinamic Structuralism is used to explain the interconnection of all aspects and components of the novels to get the complete meaning. The theory of Sociology of Literature is used to relate the social problems in the novels to the realities in the real world. The theory of Feminism is used to understand the novels related to women problems, patriarchal culture and gender equality. Text analysis based on the problems of the study revealed that many women are still trapped in domestic sector, still dominated by patriarchal culture. They loose their fundamental rights to manage their own lives and to improve their lives quality to become qualified women. Consenquently the women are so dependent on other people. Analysis about the factors which caused the poverty and misery of women revealed that the main cause of the women problems in the novels is patriarchal culture. The women are not permitted to work in public sector to earn their own lives. Consenquently many women become poor for being jobless. The fight for gender equality that revealed in five novels are in agreement with the thought of feminism ideology, among others is the fight to get education and job. Feminism ideology also fight to free women from patriarchal domination by living without marriage or claiming for divorce from the husband who can not protect their wives anymore.

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