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BERITA BIOLOGI

berita_biologi
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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

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Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Articles 2,125 Documents

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PENGARUH PENINGKATAN KONSENTRASI AMONIUM TERHADAP PERKEMB ANGAN Meloidogynejavanica PADA KULTUR AKAR TOMAT Sudirman, Sudirman
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 4 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Research was aimed at knowing the effect of increasing ammonium concentrations on Meloidogyne javanica development in tomato roots growing in axenic culture.Egg masses of M. javanica were exposed to deficient ammonium concentration (1.5 ppm NH/) in a nutrient agar medium upon which tomato roots were growing. One week after inoculation, stages of nematode development were recorded and infected tomato roots were aseptically transferred into nutrient agar media with four different ammonium concentrations (1.5. 9.0. 54 and 324 ppm NH/). Stages of nematode development inside roots were then observed at weekly interval for three weeks. Results of the research showed that increasing ammonium concentration after root infection suppressed nematode development. In roots transferred to high ammonium concentrations, fewer nematodes matured and most of those that did were males. In addition, there were also fewer galls and lower root dry weights in increased ammonium than those with constant low ammonium concentration.

KERAGAAN PERTUMBUHAN HIBRIDISASI EMPAT STRAIN IKAN MAS Ath-thar, MH Fariduddin; Prakoso, Vitas Atmadi; Gustiano, Rudhy
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 10, No 5 (2011)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

One way to support the increase of aquaculture production is to produce superior strains of growth. Carp as one of the potential for these commodities only rely on local strains which have had a decline in quality. For that, the effort to generate superior growth of carp need to be done. One way to do that is by hybridization. We carried out reciprocal crosses of 4 strains of carp Rajadanu, Subang, Majalaya and Kuningan to obtain 16 new strain candidates. Furthermore, growth test was conducted to find out the best candidate of the absolute and specific growth parameters. From these results, it was concluded that the absolute growth in length, weight, and the highest biomass obtained by crosses of SB x RD, the highest length and weight Specific Growth Rate obtained by crosses of RD x MJ. For the highest degree of survival is at the intersection of KN x SB, whereas the highest survival rate in the use of female parent KN. In the dominant male of female survival is the parent SB. The biggest positive heterosis character length growth values obtained by crosses of SB x RD. For the highest weight growth heterosis values obtained by crosses of SB x MJ. On the character of hatching, the highest positive heterosis values obtained by crosses of SB x MJ. The degree of survival of the highest heterosis values obtained by crosses of KN x MJ. On the character of the highest positive heterosis values of biomass obtained by crosses of SB x MJ. As for the character length SGR highest positive heterosis values obtained by crossing two directions of RD and SB. And for the character weight Specific Growth Rate, the highest positive heterosis values obtained by crossing two ways KN and MJ.

KEANEKARAGAMAN LUMUT DITAMAN NASIONAL BUKIT BARISAN SELATAN, PROVINSI LAMPUNG Windadri, Florentina Indah
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 10, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

A survey on mosses diversity has been carried out in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park at Lampung Province. Results of this study indicated that there are 37 species of mosses included in 3 genera and 11 families. Five species are considered as new records lo Sumatera i.e. Arthrocormus schimperi, Calymperes mountleyi, Fissidens perpusillus, Ectropotheciella distichophylla and Taxithelium lindbergii. Two species were suggested as new records to Indonesia i.e. Ectropothecium ferrugineum and Mnium laevinerve. While Ectropothecium ferrugineum is found in the research area, its endemic status is changed and the distribution area become more spreaded.

STATUS HARA DIHUTAN GEWANG (Corypha utan Lamk.), DESA USAPISONBAI, KUPANG, NUSATENGGARA TIMUR Alhamd, Laode; Partomihardjo, T; Naiola, BP
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 5 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/bb.v9i5.2000

Gewang or Corypha utan Lamk. is tree that support the daily need in Usapisonbai village, Nekamese District, Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur The nutrient content of the tree is important to be observed, since the tree is crucial to be sustainable.Three permanent plots were established and random sampling was conducted. The results showed that characteristics of soil are clay in texture, somewhat alkaline, mid in C/N ratio, and high CEC (cation exchange capacity) for calcium, magnesium dan potassium.Nutrient contents of soil were 0.15, 0.002, 0.04, 1.16 and 0.04%, respectively, for N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Litter contribution was dominated by leaves (7.73 t ha-), and other parts reached 6.7 t ha , with their nutrient content of N (0.72), P (0.09), K (0.18),Ca (2.S4) and Mg (0.27%). The significant, differences of nitrogen between nutrient contents and between total nutrient contents through litters (P < 0.05) were found. The nutrient contents of tree are 0.57 N, 0.4, P, 0.75 K, 0.77 Ca and 0.18% Mg. The increase of the tree nutrient could be done by utilizing organic matter or by planting tree species that can increase soil fertility and survive in savanna.

ENDOFIT Taxus sumatrana (Miquel) de Laubenfels DAN POTENSINYA DALAM MEMPRODUKSI SENYAWA BIOAKTIF SEBAGAI SUMBER ANTIOKSIDAN Sukiman, Harmastini
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 10, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v10i3.750

Taxus sumatrana (Miquel) de Laubenfels is known as an endanger forest tree species grown at Kerinci National Park in Jambi,Indonesia. This plant was known potential on producing taxol. Taxol is a bioactive compound, could be used as antibacterial agent and recently confirmed to cure cancer cells. For the first time in 1960, Arthur Barclay found the taxol compound from Taxus sp.(pacific yew). However to isolate the bioactive compound, huge amount of tree biomass is needed. Research on endophytes microbes which are isolated from inner tissue of Taxus sp. declared that those microbes have potential on producing antioxidant agent for drug discovery. Isolation and conservation of endophytes and selecting its potential is promising the novel of finding new drug that may be effective for treating the newly developing diseases in human. Fifteen isolates of Taxus endophytes have been successfully studied on their ability on producing antioxidant. The results showed that endophytes fungus isolates TsC-17, isolated from Taxus sumatrana grown in Cibodas Botanical Gardens-LIPI, could produce extracellular bioactive compound which performed activity of suppressing free radical, is significantly better compared to intracellular bioactive compound eventhough it is not as high as in vitamin C. The activity of suppressing free radical resulted from bioactive compound of endophyte fungus isolates TsC-17 was 20% for intracellular bioactive compound, while it was 60% for extracellular bioactive compound and 90% for vitamin C.

KAJIAN ETNOBOTANI PANDAN SAMAK (Pandanus tectorius Sol.) DIKABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA, JAWA BARAT Susiarti, Siti; Rahayu, Mulyati
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 10, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v10i1.2058

Members of the genus Pandanus (Pandanaceae) are used by Indonesian people as food, medicinal and handycraft materials.Three species of Pandanus, namely pandan wangi (P. amaryllifolius), cangkuang (P. furcatus) and pandan samak (P. tectorius) are known in Tasikmalaya, West Java. Pandan samak which has several different local names is the cultivated ones.This species is well known as handycraft from Tasikmalaya and had been exported to other countries. Incomes from the handycraft products is the second biggest source after agricultural sector.

POTENSI ANTIBAKTERIA EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI LIBO (Piper miniatum BL) Priyono, Sumarnie -H
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Libo (Piper miniatum Bl.) is traditionally used in Papua as spices and tonic. Besides as food flavor, it is commonly used as food natural preservative that is related to its antibacterial activity. But so far, there is no scientific report about antibacterial activity from the plant extract.The antibacterial activity test result in this study, showed that the four extracts (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol) of libo were active against Streptococcus mutants (BCC1863) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). The extracts were active only on high consentration againts Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), meanwhile on Salmonella enteriditis (BCC 2754), Staptylococcus epidermidis strain Cowan (BCC 1820) and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 10400) gave different antibacterial effect. The n-hexane extract has the highest antibacterial activity againts S. mutans (BCC 1863). Fractionation result of n-hexane extract, F3 and F4 at concentration 124.4|ig showed antibacterial effect against Listeria monocytogenes (M 19117) equivalent to erythromycin 10 \g as standart antibiotic. While Fl and F2 at concentration 124.4|ig had antibacterial activity against E. coli (ATCC 25922) equivalent to erythromycin 10 ug.

PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI BENIH BAUNG {Mystus nemurus) MELALUI PERBAIKAN KADAR LEMAK PAKAN INDUK Suhenda, Ningrum; Samsudin, Reza; Subagja, Jojo
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 5 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

The production of good quality seed for culture purpose begins with proper attention to the nutritional requirements of the parental broodstock. The objective of this research was to know the level of lipid in broodstock feed to reach good seed production.The experiment was conducted in concrete ponds located at Research Instalation for Aquaculture Environment and Toxicology,Cibalagung, Bogor. Broodstock with average individual body weight of 420.8 Â± 72.10 g were cultured in concrete pond 3.5 x 2.53x 0.8 m with stocking density of 15 fish/pond. Pelleted fish with 35% protein content and different lipid level of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 % were given with daily ratio 2 % of body weight. Gonadosomatic index, ovosomatic index; the weight, the number and the diameter of egg; fertilization rate, hatching rate, percentage of larva produced and daily growth rate and survival rate of 21 days old seed were observed. The result showed that there were no significant difference (P>0.05) among treatments for all parameters except for the diameter of the egg. The result showed that all of the broodstock were matured in three months.Gonadosomatic index were ranged between 13.69-16.65%, ovosomatic index: 11.26-14.62%. The weight of the egg varied from 1.45-1.69 mg/egg with the diameter in between 1.37-1.66 mm. The number of eggs per kg broodstock varied from 74,473-88,787 with fertilization rate of : 67.15-93.29%, and hatching rate were ranged from 88.33%-96.62%. The feed with 8% lipid level showed the highest value of gonadosomatic index (16.65%), fertilization rate (93.29%), percentage of larva produced (90.14%), egg weight (1.69 mg) and egg diameter (1.66 mm). Average daily growth rate of the 21 days old offsprings was 18.12%-19.25% with survival rate of 60.25%-75.50%. The feed with 8% lipid level tends to give the best effect on the reproduction parameters and the performances of the seed.

KONSEP JENIS PALEM: SEBUAH PENGANTAR Rustiami, Himmah
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 5 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

In recent decade, the needs of clear species concept for constructing monograph became more crucial. Trends on species concept have been more overwhelming nowadays because of the rigorous phylogenetic species concept based on the idea of the smallest unit sexually from a single population or based on the known lineages within taxa in regard with unique characters combination.This paper would like to discuss further how is the palm species concept and their distribution pattern in West Malesia using case study on the Nypa species concept.

EKSTRAK DAUN MINDI (Melia azedarach) SEBAGAI BIOINSEKTISIDA UNTUK PENGENDALIAN INFEKSI Chrysomya bezziana PADADOMBA Sani, Yulvian
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 9, No 4 (2009)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Parasitic dermatitis may cause economic loss for livestock industry if it is not approriately controlled. Among the preventive measures available presently, the use of plant-derived insecticides is regarding as an alternative approach to control the disease since it is environmental and animal health safe. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of mindi (Melia azedarach Linn.) extract leaves for controling Chrysomya bezziana in vitro and in vivo.The study showed that the methanolic extract of M.azedarach leaves affected various stages of C. bezziana larvae.A topical application of 0.25% methanol extract in vaseline mixture killed and inhibited the growth of larvae and reduced weight gain of both LI and LI larvae.The average mortality rate in a treated group (26%) was higher than a control group (19.2%).Greater reduction of average weight gain was also seen in the treated group (0.2719 gr.) compared to the control group (0.4761 gr). The larvae apparently had smaller size and wrinkled shape of anatomical structure seeming that they were inappropriately grown. While the average mortality rate of L2 was found higher in the treated group (46.8%) than the control group (22.4%). The leaf-methanol extract had greater effect to L2 than LI as seen higher mortality rate in L2 (46.8%) than the LI (26%). In conclusion that the higher dose rate of methanol extract applied will lead to high mortality of the larvae. The low mortality rate may be due to low concentration (0.25%) of leaf extract applied and short period of time for bioassay.These findings seem very promising, suggesting that may possible to increase larvicidal effects by increasing the concentration and time of assessment.

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