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Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)

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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 19783728 EISSN : 24429740 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Dentistry

The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) (e-ISSN:2442-9740; p-ISSN:1978-3728) is published by the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Its diciplinary focus is dental science and dental hygiene. The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) is published in English on a quarterly basis with each 50-60 page edition containing between nine and eleven scientific articles on research, study literature and case studies. Contributors to the Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) included: dental researchers, dental practitioners, lecturers, and students drawn from Indonesia and a wide range of other countries.

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Respon inflamasi pulpa gigi tikus Sprague Dawley setelah aplikasi bahan etsa ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid 19% dan asam fosfat 37% Nadie Fatimatuzzahro; Tetiana Haniastuti; Juni Handajani
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 46 No. 4 (2013): December 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Etching agents such as ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and phosphoric acid which are widely used in adhesive restoration system, are aimed to increase retention of restorative materials; however, these agents may induce inflammation of dental pulp. The major function of the inflammatory response is to remove invading pathogens or damaged tissue/ cells and therefore, initiate repair. Neutrophils and macrophages are motile phagocytes that constitute the body's first line of defense. Purpose: The purpose of the present research was to study the effect of 19% EDTA and 37% phosphoric acid for etching application agents on the inflammatory response of the dental pulp. Methods: Forty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups. Cavity preparation was made on the occlusal surface of maxillary first molar using a round diamond bur. Nineteen percent of EDTA, 37% phosphoric acid, and distilled water were applied on the surface of the cavity of the teeth in group I, II and III respectively. The rats were sacrified at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after the application (n=3 for each day). The specimens were then processed histologically and stained with hematoxylin eosin. Results: ANOVA showed a significant difference (p<0.05) among treatment groups, indicating that etching agents application induced neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes infiltration in the dental pulp. Tuckey HSD test showed that application of 37% phosphoric acid increased higher number of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes significantly than 19% EDTA (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study suggested that 37% phosphoric acid induced higher number of the inflammatory cells than 19% EDTA.Latar belakang: Penggunaan bahan etsa seperti ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) dan asam fosfat pada sistem restorasi adhesif bertujuan untuk meningkatkan retensi bagi bahan restorasi, namun penggunaan bahan-bahan tersebut dapat menginduksi inflamasi pada pulpa. Respon inflamasi berfungsi untuk menghilangkan patogen, sel-sel atau jaringan yang rusak dan menginisiasi perbaikan. Netrofil dan makrofag adalah sel fagosit yang merupakan garis pertama pertahanan tubuh. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti efek EDTA 19% dan asam fosfat 37% sebagai bahan etsa terhadap respon inflamasi pada pulpa gigi. Metode: Empat puluh lima ekor tikus Sprague Dawley jantan dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok. Permukaan oklusal gigi molar satu rahang atas dipreparasi menggunakan diamond round bur. Pada kelompok I kavitas diaplikasikan EDTA 19%, kelompok II diaplikasikan asam fosfat 37% dan kelompok III diaplikasikan akuades. Hewan coba dikorbankan pada hari ke-1, 3, 5, 7 dan 14 setelah aplikasi bahan etsa (n=3). Spesimen diproses secara histologis dan dicat dengan hematoksilin eosin. Hasil: Hasil ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antar kelompok perlakuan, mengindikasikan bahwa aplikasi bahan etsa menyebabkan infiltrasi sel inflamasi pada pulpa, baik netrofil, makrofag dan limfosit. Hasil uji Tuckey HSD menunjukkan bahwa asam fosfat 37% menstimulasi infiltrasi sel netrofil, makrofag dan limfosit signifikan (p<0,05) lebih banyak dibanding EDTA 19%. Simpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa asam fosfat 37% menyebabkan infiltrasi sel inflamasi yang lebih banyak dibanding EDTA 19%.

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-8 gene in fixed orthodontic patients Susilowati Susilowati; Mansjur Nasir; Imam Mudjari; Thalca Hamid
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 44 No. 1 (2011): March 2011
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance produces structural and biochemical changes and breaking the balance between the synthesis and the breakdown of the collagen in the periodontium. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) plays an important role in the remodeling of periodontal ligament during orthodontic movement. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to observe the expression of MMP-8 gene in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of fixed orthodontic patients. It is expexted that the result can be used as a reference to decide the proper time for elastomeric chain to be reactivated. Methods: Orthodontic fixed appliances were placed on 8 patients and elastomeric chains exerting 75 grams were attached to produce canine distalization. GCF samples were collected from the distal side of upper canines before force application, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4 weeks after application consecutively. The samples were analyzed by using RT-PCR. Statistical analyses used were univariate analysis and Mann-WhitneyU test. Results: The expression of MMP-8 in the GCF at t0 was 31.3% but the force application elevated its expression to 65.6% at t1, and then decreased continously at t2, t3, and t4. There was no statistically significant difference of MMP-8 gene expression between t0 and t3. Conclusion: The highest level of MMP-8 gene expression due to orthodontic forces was occured in the first week, but it declined continously in the following weeks. The proper time to reactivate an elastomeric chain was 3 weeks after application.Latar belakang: Perawatan ortodontik dengan peranti cekat menghasilkan perubahan-perubahan stuktural dan biokimiawi pada jaringan periodontal dan mengganggu keseimbangan antara sintesis dan pemecahan kolagen pada periodonsium. Matrix metalloproteinase-8MMP-8 memainkan peran yang penting dalam remodeling ligamentum periodontal selama pergerakan gigi ortodontik. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengamati ekspresi gen MMP-8 dalam cairan krevikuler gingiva (GCF) dari pasien ortodontik cekat. Diharapkan bahwa hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan untuk menentukan waktu yang paling tepat untuk mengaktivasi kembali rantai elastomer. Metode: Peranti ortodontik cekat dipasang pada 8 pasien dan rantai elastomer dengan kekuatan 75 gram dipasang untuk menarik gigi kaninus ke distal. Sampel GCF dikumpulkan dari bagian distal gigi kaninus atas berturut-turut sebelum aplikasi gaya, 1-, 2-, 3-, dan 4 minggu setelah aplikasi. Sampel dianalisis dengan menggunakan RT-PCR. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan uji Mann-Whitney U. Hasil: Ekspresi gen MMP-8 di dalam GCF pada t0 adalah 31.3%, tetapi pemberian tekanan menaikkan ekspresinya menjadi 65,6% pada t1 dan kemudian menurun secara kontinyu pada t2, t3, dan t4. Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik antara ekspresi gen MMP-8 pada to dan t3. Kesimpulan: Tingkat ekspresi tertinggi dari gen MMP-8 akibat tekanan ortodontik terjadi pada minggu pertama, tetapi kemudian menurun pada minggu-minggu berikutnya. Waktu yang paling tepat untuk mengaktivasi kembali rantai elastomer adalah 3 minggu setelah aplikasi.

Kadar leptin saliva dan kejadian karies gigi anak obesitas (Salivary leptin levels and caries incidence in obese children) Elfrida Atzmaryanni; Mochamad Fahlevi Rizal
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 46 No. 3 (2013): September 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Children with obesity have a lower incidence of caries. Salivary leptin levels of obese children is higher than normal children. Leptin is protein hormone, contained in saliva. Salivary proteins maintain the balance of the ecosystem in the mouth. Purpose: The article was aimed to study the correlation of salivary leptin levels with caries incidence in obese children. Review: Mouth is reflection of the health status and so many changes occur as a weight gain. Child with obesity has a low incidence of caries than normal. This condition is associated with changes in oral cavity, especially the increase in salivary leptin. Caries is a disease of hard tissues cause by the activty of microorganisms, especially Streptococcus mutans. Salivary proteins maintain the balance of the ecosystem in the mouth. Leptin is a protein saliva, produced predominantly in adipose tissue and conduct active transport to saliva. Salivary leptin works in two ways: as an antimicrobial which prevents the attachment of bacteria on tooth surface or by inducing cytokine that affect the immune system in oral cavity. Conclusion: Salivary leptin is higher in obese children than in normal children. The low incidence of caries on obesity is associated with salivary leptin. Alteration in salivary composition and flow rate also decreased caries in obesity.Latar belakang: Anak yang mengalami obesitas memiliki insiden karies yang rendah. Kadar leptin saliva anak obesitas lebih tinggi dari anak normal. Leptin merupakan salah satu protein hormon yang terdapat di saliva. Protein saliva berfungsi untuk menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem di mulut. Tujuan: Artikel ini bertujuan mempelajari hubungan antara kadar leptin di dalam saliva dengan kejadian karies anak obesitas. Tinjauan pustaka: Rongga mulut merupakan cerminan dari status kesehatan dan banyak perubahan yang terjadi seiring peningkatan berat badan seseorang. Anak Obesitas memiliki insiden karies yang rendah jika dibandingkan anak normal. Kondisi ini berhubungan dengan perubahan keadaan rongga mulut terutama peningkatan kadar Leptin di saliva. Karies adalah penyakit jaringan keras yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas dari mikroorganisme, terutama Streptococcus mutans. Protein di saliva berfungsi menjaga ekosistem rongga mulut. Leptin merupakan protein saliva, leptin terutama di sintesis pada sel adiposa dan melakukan transport aktif sehingga dapat ditemukan di saliva. Leptin di saliva bekerja dengan dua cara yaitu sebagai antimikroba yang mencegah perlekatan bakteri di permukaan gigi atau dengan cara menginduksi sitokin yang mempengaruhi sistem imun dalam rongga mulut. Simpulan: Kadar leptin dalam saliva anak obesitas lebih tinggi dibanding anak normal. Rendahnya insiden karies anak obesitas berhubungan dengan kadar leptin di dalam saliva anak obesitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak normal. Perubahan komposisi saliva dan laju alir saliva pada anak obesitas juga menyebabkan rendahnya insiden karies dibandingkan dengan anak normal.

Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint and mandibular growth disturbance caused by neglected condylar fracture in childhood Endrajana Endrajana
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 43 No. 2 (2010): June 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Fractures of the mandibular condyle may lead to complications such as disturbance of occlusal function, internal derangement of the joint, ankylosis and mandibular growth disturbance. When treating young patients with the history of mandible trauma, ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint and mandibular growth disturbance are two most important complications of condyle fracture that should be considered. Purpose: This case report attempts to emphasize the long term complication of neglected condylar fracture in children i.e. ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint and subsequently lead to mandibular growth disturbance. Case: A case of right temporo-mandibular joint ankylosis and mandibular growth disturbance in a 28 years old male patient is presented. He had a history of trauma to the mandible after a traffic accident when he was 8 years old. Since then, he experienced difficulty in mouth opening which eventually developed into severe trismus. Case management: The case was treated surgically with gap and interpositional arthroplasty using Mersilen mesh™. Conclusion: Mandibular fractures involving temporomandibular joint in young children should be examined thoroughly and treated adequately in order to prevent ankylosis of the TMJ and the subsequent mandibular growth disturbance.Latar belakang: Fraktur pada kondilus mandibula dapat menyebabkan beberapa komplikasi berupa: gangguan oklusi, internal derangement sendi, ankilosis serta gangguan pertumbuhan mandibula. Pada perawatan penderita usia muda dengan riwayat trauma pada mandibula, perlu diwaspadai dua macam komplikasi akibat fraktur pada kondilus, yaitu ankilosis sendi temporo mandibula dan adanya gangguan pertumbuhan mandibula. Tujuan: Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk menekankan bahwa fraktur kondilus pada anak-anak yang tidak mendapatkan perawatan yang semestinya akan mengakibatkan komplikasi jangka panjang berupa ankilosis sendi temporomandibula yang diikuti dengan gangguan pertumbuhan tulang mandibula. Kasus: Penderita laki-laki umur 28 tahun dengan keadaan tidak dapat membuka mulut dan adanya gangguan pertumbuhan tulang mandibula. Terdapat riwayat trauma pada mandibula akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas saat penderita berumur 8 tahun. Semenjak kecelakaan tersebut penderita merasakan kesulitan membuka mulut dan akhirnya sama sekali tidak dapat membuka mulut. Tatalaksana kasus: Untuk merawat kasus ini dilakukan tindakan pembedahan dengan bius umum yaitu gap arthroplasty dengan memakai Mersilen mesh™ sebagai interposisional graft. Kesimpulan: Fraktur kondilus mandibula pada penderita anak-anak memerlukan pemeriksaan dan perawatan yang adekuat untuk menghindari terjadinya ankilosis sendi temporomandibula dan gangguan pertumbuhan tulang mandibula.

Bactericidal and cytotoxic effects of Erythrina fusca leaves aquadest extract Janti Sudiono; Ferry Sandra; Nadya Saputri Halim; Timotius Andi Kadrianto; Melinia Melinia
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 46 No. 1 (2013): March 2013
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Empirically, Erythrina fusca has been used as traditional herb for its antibacterial and antiinflammation properties. Periodontal disease is one of the most oral infectious diseases with microorganism predominated as the contributing factors. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is one of the main bacteria pathogen found in periodontal diseases. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the bactericidal effect of Erythrina fusca Leaves Aquadest Extract (EFLAE) at various concentrations on P. gingivalis and cytotoxic effect on fibroblast. Methods: Pure P. gingivalis was cultured in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium for 24 hours with or without various concentrations of treatment of EFLAE. Calculation and statistical analysis of remaining bacteria were performed by inhibitory zone method to evaluate the EFLAE bactericidal effect and compared to chlorhexidine as positive control. To evaluate the cytotoxic effect, NIH 3T3 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modification of Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) containing of 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin, pH 7.2, in 5% CO2, and stored in humidified incubator under temperature 370 C. Cells were treated with/without various concentrations of EFLAE for 48 hours. The viable cells were then counted using 3-(4,5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazodium bromide (MTT) method. Results: EFLAE have bactericidal effect on P. gingivalis in a concentration dependent manner starting from 78%. The concentration of 90% EFLAE had stronger bactericidal effect (35.004 ± 1.546) than those of chlorhexidine as positive control (32.313 ± 1.619). One-way ANOVA showed significant bactericidal effect differences among concentrations of EFLAE and chlorhexidine (p<0.05) while Tuckey HSD test showed significant difference only between lower concentration of EFLAE (78%, 79%) and chlorhexidine. With the highest concentration of EFLAE (100%) applied in the bactericidal test, no cytotoxic effect of EFLAE on NIH 3T3 cells was detected. Conclusion: EFLAE could inhibit the growth of P. gingivalis in a concentration dependent manner, starting from 78%. There was no evidence of EFLAE’s cytotoxic effect on fibroblast.Latar belakang: Erythrina fusca telah digunakan secara empiris sebagai tanaman obat tradisional untuk khasiat antibakteri dan antiradang. Penyakit periodontal merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi mulut terbanyak dengan mikroorganisme sebagai faktor kontributor utama. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) merupakan salah satu bakteri patogen utama yang ditemukan pada penyakit periodontal. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengamati efek bakterisid terhadap P. gingivalis dan efek sitotoksik terhadap sel fibroblast dari beberapa konsentrasi ekstrak akuades daun Erythrina fusca (EFLAE). Metode: P. gingivalis murni dikultur pada medium Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) selama 24 jam dengan atau tanpa pemberian beberapa konsentrasi EFLAE. Perhitungan dan analisis statistik terhadap bakteri yang masih hidup dilakukan dengan metode zona hambat untuk mengevaluasi efek bakterisid EFLAE dibandingkan dengan chlorhexidine sebagai kontrol positif. Untuk mengevaluasi efek sitotoksik, digunakan kultur sel NIH 3T3 pada medium Dulbecco’s Modification of Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) yang berisi fetal bovine serum (FBS) 10% dan penicillin-streptomycin 1%, pH 7.2, dalam CO2 5%, dan diinkubasi pada suhu 37° C. Sel diberi perlakuan dengan atau tanpa beberapa konsentrasi EFLAE selama 48 jam, kemudian sel yang masih hidup dihitung menggunakan metode 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazodium bromide (MTT). Hasil: EFLAE mempunyai efek bakterisid terhadap P. gingivalis mengikuti kenaikan konsentrasinya dimulai dari 78%. Pada konsentrasi 90%, EFLAE menunjukkan efek bakterisid lebih kuat (35.004 ± 1.546) dibandingkan dengan chlorhexidine (32.313 ± 1.619) sebagai kontrol positif ANOVA-1 jalan menunjukkan perbedaan efek bakterisid yang bermakna di antara beberapa konsentrasi EFLAE dan chlorhexidine (p<0.05) sedangkan uji Tuckey HSD menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna hanya ditemukan antara konsentrasi EFLAE yang lebih rendah (78%, 79%) dengan chlorhexidine. Efek sitotoksik terhadap sel NIH 3T3 tidak terdeteksi pada pemberian konsentrasi tertinggi EFLAE (100%) yang telah diaplikasikan pada uji bakterisid. Kesimpulan: EFLAE dapat menghambat pertumbuhan P. gingivalis sesuai dengan konsentrasinya dimulai dari 78%. Tidak ada efek sitotoksik EFLAE terhadap sel fibroblast.

Indirect veneer treatment of anterior maxillary teeth with enamel hypoplasia Devi Eka Juniarti
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 43 No. 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Nowadays, aesthetic rehabilitation becomes a necessity. It is affected by patient’s background, especially career, social and economic status. The aesthetic abnormality of anterior teeth i.e discoloration, malposition and malformation can affect patient’s appearance, especially during smile. These dental abnormalities, as a result, can decrease patient’s performance. Dental malformation, for instance, can be caused by developmental tooth defect, such as enamel hypoplasia. Enamel hypoplasia is a developmental defect caused by the lack of matrix amount which leads to thin and porous enamel. Enamel hypoplasia can also be caused by matrix calcification disturbance starting from the formation and development of enamel matrix causing defect and permanent changes which can occur on one or more tooth. Purpose: The aim of the study is to improve dental discoloration and tooth surface texture on anterior maxillary teeth with enamel hypoplasia by using indirect veneer with porcelain material. Case: A 20 years-old woman with enamel hypoplasia came to the Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry Airlangga University. The patient wanted to improve her anterior maxillary teeth. It is clinically known that there were some opaque white spots (chalky spotted) and porous on anterior teeth’s surface. Case management: Indirect veneer with porcelain material had been chosen as a restoration treatment which has excellent aesthetics and strength, and did not cause gingival irritation. As a result, the treatment could improve the confidence of the patient, and could also make their function normal. Conclusion: Indirect veneer is an effective treatment, which can improve patient’s appearance and self confidence.Latar belakang: Saat ini perbaikan estetik menjadi suatu kebutuhan. Kebutuhan akan estetik dipengaruhi latar belakang penderita, terutama karir, status sosial dan ekonomi. Hal ini disebabkan, kelainan estetik seperti diskolorasi, malposisi, malformasi, dapat mempengaruhi penampilan penderita terutama saat tersenyum. Kelainan gigi tersebut pada akhirnya dapat memperburuk penampilan penderita. Malformasi gigi dapat disebabkan oleh kelainan pada masa perkembangan gigi, misalnya hipoplasia enamel. Hipoplasia enamel adalah kelainan perkembangan yang disebabkan sedikitnya matriks enamel sehingga terjadi ketipisan dan porusnya enamel. Hipoplasia enamel dapat disebabkan gangguan kalsifikasi matriks saat pembentukan dan perkembangan matriks enamel, kerusakan dan perubahan permanen ini dapat melibatkan satu atau beberapa gigi. Tujuan: Tujuan perawatan ini memperbaiki diskolorasi dan tekstur permukaan gigi depan rahang atas akibat hipoplasia enamel menggunakan veneer indirek berbahan porselen. Kasus: Seorang penderita wanita 20 tahun dengan hipoplasia enamel datang ke Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Pendidikan Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Airlangga. Penderita ingin memperbaiki gigi depan rahang atas yang secara klinis tampak bercak putih opak seperti kapur dan porus pada permukan labial gigi. Tatalaksana kasus: Veneer indirek dengan bahan porselen dipilih sebagai restorasi oleh karena segi estetik, kekuatan dan tidak mengiritasi ginggiva. Restorasi ini dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan diri penderita dan memperbaiki fungsi gigi. Kesimpulan: Veneer indirek merupakan perawatan yang efektif, dapat meningkatkan penampilan dan kepercayan diri penderita.

Antibacterial efficacy of Salvadora persica as a cleansing teeth towards Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli colonies Erlina Sih Mahanani; Mohd Fadhli Khamis; Erry Mochamad Arief; Siti Nabilah Mat Rippin; Zainul Ahmad Rajion
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 4 (2012): December 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Salvadora persica is a traditional chewing stick for cleaning teeth that it is known Siwak. Several studies have demonstrated the antimicrobial effects of Salvadora persica. Purpose: This study was aimed to examine the effectiveness of Salvadora persica in several modified preparation against the salivary Streptoccocus mutans and Lactobacilli. Methods: A single-blind, randomized clinical trial study with crossover design was used. The study comprised of 5 groups, per group consisted of 14 healthy dental students who had good oral hygiene. Each participant was given 5 intervention to clean their teeth using, electric toothbrush modified with siwak, electric toothbrush with siwak toothpaste (colgate kayu sugi toothpaste), electric toothbrush with general toothpaste (colgate total toothpaste), original siwak chewing stick and normal saline. The wash out periode each intervention was 3 days. Patients’ saliva was used to quantify the levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli using caries risk test (CRT) kit from Vivadent. Results: The results showed that there was a reduction in Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli risk score after cleansing different intervention except electric toothbrush modified with siwak. However, there was no significant difference for Streptococcus mutans (p=0.158) and Lactobacilli (p=0.396) risk score reduction when comparison was done between the groups. Conclusion: The original siwak chewing stick has antimicrobial effects similar to toothbrushing with general toothpaste and salvadora persica toothpaste. However, electric toothbrush modified with siwak has no effect on microbial reduction.Latar belakang: Salvadora persica adalah pembersih gigi tradisional yang lebih dikenal dengan sebutan Siwak. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Salvadora persica memiliki daya antibakteri. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas Salvadora persica dalam berbagai bentuk sediaan untuk membersihkan gigi terhadap bakteri Streptococus mutans dan Lactobacilli dalam saliva. Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah single-blind, randomized clinical trial study dengan crossover. Lima kelompok perlakuan melakukan pembersihan gigi, tiap kelompok terdiri dari 14 mahasiswa kedokteran gigi, sehat dan memiliki kebersihan mulut yang baik. Tiap subyek diberi 5 macam perlakuan untuk membersihkan gigi menggunakan sikat gigi elektrik dimodifikasi dengan siwak, sikat gigi elektrik dengan pasta gigi mengandung ekstrak siwak (colgate kayu sugi), sikat gigi elektrik dengan pasta gigi umum (colgate total), siwak asli, dan salin. Saliva pasien digunakan untuk menganalisa pengurangan banyaknya bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan Lactobacilli sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan menggunakan Caries Risk Test (CRT) dari Vivadent. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan adanya penurunan skor Streptococcus mutans dan Lactobacilli setelah pembersihan gigi dibandingkan sebelumnya. Sementara itu tidak ada perbedaan signifikan terhadap penurunan skor Streptococcus mutans (p=0.158) dan Lactobacilli (p=0.396) ketika dibandingkan antar kelompok. Kesimpulan: Mengunyah kayu siwak mempunyai efek antimikrobial yang hampir sama dengan menyikat gigi menggunakan kombinasi pasta gigi biasa dan pasta gigi yang mengandung siwak, akan tetapi meyikat gigi dengan sikat elektronik yang dimodifikasi dengan siwak dapat menurunkan jumlah bakteri.

The management of chronic traumatic ulcer in oral cavity Maharani Laillyza Apriasari
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 45 No. 2 (2012): June 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: The traumatic ulcer is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions. The etiology of traumatic ulcer may result from mechanical trauma, as well as chemical, electrical, or thermal stimulus, may also be involved in addition, fractured, malposed, or malformed teeth. The clinical manifestation of traumatic ulcer are ulcer, have a yellowish floor, fibrinous center, red and inflammatory margin without induration. Purpose: The purpose of this case report is to present how to manage the patient with the chronic traumatic ulcer in oral cavity. Case: This case report is about the patient with chronic ulcer in oral cavity. Intra oral examination showed on the right tongue margin appeared the major ulcer, single, diameter 1,5 cm, pain, white color, induration and irreguler margin around the ulcer. The patient had been suffering it for 5 months. She had come to a lot of dentist and the oral maxillofacial surgery, but they could not heal the ulcer. The dental occlusion of the patient, especially 17 and 47 then 15 and 45 teeth was looked bitten the right tongue. It underlied to get the clinical diagnosis as the chronic traumatic ulcer. Case management: The main therapy of traumatic ulcer is eliminiting the etiology factor, so that decided to do teeth extraction 45 and 47 that was looked linguversion position on 45 degrees. Before doing the teeth extraction, the patient was referred to take complete blood count (CBC), blood glucose examination and biopsy. The monitoring of the ulcer must be done until 2 weeks after the teeth extraction. If the lesion was persistent, it is suspected as malignancy. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the main management of chronic traumatic ulcer in oral cavity is removing the etiology factors. If the ulcer is still persistent after 2 weeks from the etiology factor had been removing, it is suspected as the malignancy that is needed biopsy examination to get the final diagnosis.Latar belakang: Ulkus traumatikus adalah salah satu lesi pada mukosa mulut yang sering terjadi. Penyebab ulkus traumatikus adalah adanya trauma mekanik, seperti kimia, elektrik atau suhu, selain itu dapat pula terjadi karena fraktur, malposisi atau malformasi gigi. Manifestasi klinis dari ukus traumatikus adalah ulser, dasar berwarna kuning, pada bagian tengah tampak fibrin, pinggiran berwarna merah dan mengalami keradangan tanpa adanya indurasi. Tujuan: Tujuan dari laporan kasus ini adalah untuk melaporkan bagaimana penatalaksanaan pasien dengan ulkus traumatikus kronis pada rongga mulut. Kasus: Kasus ini melaporkan tentang ulser kronis yang terjadi pada rongga mulut. Pemeriksaan pada rongga mulut menunjukkan pada pinggir lidah kanan tampak ulser mayor, tunggal, diameter 1,5 cm, sakit, berwarna putih, pinggiran sekitarnya tampak indurasi dan tidak teratur. Ulser terjadi selama 5 bulan. Pasien mengunjungi banyak dokter gigi dan spesialis bedah mulut, tetapi ulser tidak dapat disembuhkan. Pada saat pasien oklusi, pada gigi, 17 dengan 47 serta gigi 15 dengan 45 tampak lidah sebelah kanan tergigit. Hal ini yang mendasari diagnosis sementaranya adalah ulkus traumatikus kronis. Tatalaksana kasus: Penanganan utama dari ulkus traumatikus adalah menghilangkan faktor penyebab, oleh sebab itu dilakukan ekstraksi pada gigi 45 dan 47 yang terlihat posisi linguoversi 45 derajat. Sebelum gigi-gigi tersebut diekstraksi, pasien dirujuk untuk melakukan pemeriksaan darah lengkap, gula darah dan biopsi. Ulser harus tetap dimonitor sampai 2 minggu pasca ekstraksi. Jika lesi menetap, maka ini diduga Squamous Cell Crsinoma. Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penatalaksanaan utama dari ulkus traumatikus kronis pada rongga mulut adalah dengan menghilangkan faktor penyebab. Ulser yang persisten setelah 2 minggu setelah faktor penyebab dihilangkan, maka diduga suatu keganasan yang perlu pemeriksaan biopsi untuk menegakkan diagnosis akhir.

The effects of ultrasonic scaling duration and replication on caspase-3 expression of Sprague Dawley rat's pulp cells Archadian Nuryanti; Marsetyawan HNE Soesatyo; Dewi Agustina; Siti Sunarintyas
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 48 No. 1 (2015): March 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Ultrasonic scaling has been used commonly for stain and calculus removal in dental clinic for over 60years. Previous researches even had proved that ultrasonic scaling may give effects on the surface of tooth root. Ultrasonic wave exposure for 20 seconds or more can increase caspase-3 activity as an indicator of increased apoptotic cells associated with tissue damage. Purpose: This research was aimed to investigate the effects of ultrasonic scaling duration and replication on caspace-3 expression in dental pulp cells. Methods: The samples of this research were 54 male Sprague Dawley rats aged 2 months old divided into 2 groups, each of which consisted of 27 mice. The first group was induced with stain, while the second group was not. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups for ultrasonic scaling 1, 3, and 5 times. Each subgroup was divided into 3 sub-subgroups for duration procedure of 15, 30 and 60 seconds respectively. During scaling process, those rats were anesthetized using 0.1 ml of ketamine and 0.1 ml of xylol added to 2 ml of distilled water injected intramuscularly into their right thigh as much as 0.4 ml. Scaling was done on buccal surface of right first maxillary molar from cervical to occlusal. The teeth were decalcified and embedded in paraffin, then their sagittal plane was cut for thickness of 3µm and painted with immunohystochemistry for detecting caspace-3 expression of cell within dental pulp. Results: The results showed that the duration and replication of ultrasonic scaling procedures affected on the expression of caspace-3 cells as analyzed with Univariate Analisis of Variance test (p<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that duration and replication of ultrasonic scaling procedure on teeth with and without stain enhauced the expression of caspace-3 in dental pulp cells.

Hubungan tweed triangle dan posisi bibir terhadap garis estetik (Relationship between tweed triangle and the lips position to esthetic line) Intan Oktaviona; I.G.A. Wahju Ardani; Achmad Sjafei
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 47 No. 4 (2014): December 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: The aimed of almost all of patient came for orthodontics treatment, were to recover face esthetic or their profile. The facial profile not only determined by the hard tissue, but will also be influenced by the soft tissue such as nose, lip, and chin. Tweed has done face analysis with cephalometric by using three angles which are FMA, FMIA, and IMPA. There are many facial profile analysis that usually use in lateral cephalometric one of them is Ricketts analysis that draw the line from pogonion to the tip of nose. The biggest tribe in Indonesia is Javanese, the Javanese have a specific characteristic. Javanese people do not have a long nose and the chin not really uppermost, thick lip, convex profile and female’s profile more convex than male. Purpose: The study was aimed to examine the relation between Tweed triangle, upper lip and lower lip to esthetic line according to Ricketts. Methods: The facial profile pictures of subjects which were taken base on sample criteria changed into silhouette black and white. The photo selected by orthodontist and lay persons. Then the lateral cephalometric radiograph was taken and measured the angle of Tweed triangle and the lip position to esthetic line. Results: The FMA were 28.830, FMIA were 56.740 and IMPA were 94.430. The upper lip distance among males were closer to the esthetic line than female. The lower lip of males located in front of esthetic line and female lower lip located rare of esthetic line. Conclusion: There was corelation between FMA and FMIA with lower lip. There was no corelation between IMPA towards upper lip and also lower lip.Latar belakang: Tujuan dari hampir seluruh pasien yang datang untuk perawatan ortodonti adalah untuk memperbaiki estetis wajah atau profilnya. Profil fasial tidak hanya ditentukan oleh jaringan keras, akan tetapi juga akan sangat dipengaruhi oleh jaringan lunak hidung, bibir, dan dagu. Tweed melakukan analisis wajah pada sefalometri menggunakan 3 sudut dalam segitiga yaitu FMA, FMIA, dan IMPA. Beberapa analisis profil facial yang sering digunakan pada sefalometri lateral antara lain analisis Ricketts yang merupakan garis yang ditarik dari pogonion ke ujung hidung. Suku terbesar di Indonesia adalah suku Jawa, suku Jawa memiliki ciri ragawi tertentu antara lain: hidung orang Jawa tidak terlalu mancung dan dagu tidak begitu menonjol, bibir tebal, proporsi jaringan lunak yang cembung dan perempuan lebih cembung daripada laki–laki. Tujuan: Meneliti hubungan antara tweed triangle terhadap posisi bibir atas dan bibir bawah terhadap garis estetik. Metode: Foto profil wajah berdasarkan kriteria sampel, yang dibuat siluet hitam putih, dan selanjutnya dipilih oleh dokter gigi spesialis ortodonti dan orang awam. Selanjutnya sampel terpilih akan difoto sefalometri lateral dan akan dihitung besarnya sudut Tweed triangle dan posisi bibir terhadap garis estetik. Hasil: Besarnya nilai FMA 28.830, FMIA 56.740, dan IMPA 94.430. Jarak bibir atas laki-laki lebih mendekati garis estetik dibandingkan dengan perempuan, sedangkan bibir bawah laki – laki terletak di depan garis estetik dan bibir bawah perempuan mendekati garis estetik. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara FMA dan FMIA terhadap bibir bawah. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara IMPA terhadap bibir atas maupun bibir bawah.

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Home Page

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Contact Name
Saka Winias

Contact Email
saka.winias@gmail.com

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Journal Mail Official
dental_journal@yahoo.com

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Location
Kota surabaya,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA