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Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik

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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20867050 EISSN : 25286013 DOI : 10.20473/mkp.V34I22021.119-132

Core Subject : Humanities, Art,

Arts Humanities

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 404 Documents

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Sexual exploitation and violence of prostituted children Bagong Suyanto; Medhy Aginta Hidayat; Rendy Pahrun Wadipalapa
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 2 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This study examines sexual exploitation and violence against prostituted children in East Java, Indonesia. Children who are involved in the commercial sex industry are generally prone to become victims of exploitation, violent acts, and other child abuse. This case study employs a qualitative research method to examine the various hardships experienced by prostituted children in East Java, Indonesia. The researchers interviewed ten prostituted children, seven “grey chickens” (female high school students doubling as prostituted children), eight former prostituted children, five pimps, eight procurers, and seven male customers in Surabaya City and Pasuruan Regency. This study found that, in the Indonesian commercial sex industry, prostituted children generally experience severe exploitation and violent acts. The children’s struggle to survive in the Indonesian prostitution business is a challenging condition because of their weak bargaining position: their subordinate status in the Indonesian patriarchal ideology, their weak position as children confronting adults, as well as their low socioeconomic position. The efforts to make policies to prevent exploitation and violence against prostituted children by the government and non-government agencies thus should take into account the conditions of the prostituted children as well as the driving factors for the child prostitution business that takes place in Indonesia.

Problems with the implementation of Adat Basandi Syarak Syarak Basandi Kitabullah philosophy Asrinaldi Asrinaldi; Yoserizal Yoserizal
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 2 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This study discusses the problems of West Sumatra’s local governments in the practice and implementation of Adat Basandi Syarak Syarak Basandi Kitabullah (ABS-SBK) tradition philosophy in the West Sumatra regional medium-term development plan in 2016-2021. The purpose is to organize the program and activities developed in the regional budget. This study analyzes the ABS-SBK tradition philosophy practice in West Sumatra government administration. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method; moreover, the data collection in this study uses semi-structured interviews related to the practice of ABS-SBK tradition philosophy. This study interviewed 14 informants consisting of customary stakeholders, religious leaders, bureaucrats, academics, women (bundokanduang), and community leaders. In determining the informants, this study uses a purposive sampling method conducted in Agam Regency and Limapuluh Kota Regency in West Sumatra Province. This study found that four factors influence the implementation and practice of the ABS-SBK tradition philosophy in the government level: 1) the absence of apparent ABS-SBK tradition philosophy substance values, 2) the traditional transcendental and profane values of the traditional and sharia institution did not work very well in maintaining and preserving Minangkabau traditional values, 3) the absence of individual consensus and commitment toward ABS-SBK philosophy, and 4) the poor and minimum ABS-SBK tradition philosophy implementation at the government level. People interpret and translate this philosophy according to their understanding since no specific guidelines govern their interaction. This fact is understandable and reasonable since it is part of their life. The same goes for the government level, the absence of the guidelines causes a poor and minimum effort in their development program using ABS-SBK tradition philosophy as the basic. It also leads to a consensus between customary and religious institutions. The government finds it challenging to translate this philosophy into their programs and activities development so that they cannot directly refer their programs to this original philosophy from Minangkabau.

Police conduct toward complainants of crime: Cross-sectional study of Punjab Police Zaheer Abbas; Muhammad Babar Akram; Muhammad Saud
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 2 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The continual debate about the purpose, role, and function of the police for making the well-known organization is of keen interest for scholars. The present study aimed to explore the role of police conduct and its relationship with the complainants of crime in Pakistan’s geographical area. The study utilized a quantitative research design to gather data from the field. A research instrument prepared to collect the data from respondents who have ever interacted with the police. The sample size of 385 respondents selected for the known population and multistage and proportionate random sampling techniques were applied to draw the sample. The study was limited to Gujrat District in Punjab Province, and respondents selected through this universe. The study revealed significant barriers that restrict the police department’s efficiency and gain public trust in them. Theoretically, it was beneficial for elevating Pakistani criminology on the subject and practice; the research provides insights for taking the appropriate measures for better police-public liaison. The study’s findings revealed that the complainants generally agreed that they have limited trust in the police and that political interference is one of the major causes of lack of public trust.

Well-applied local governance in an urban area Ridho Al-Hamdi
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 2 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This paper analyses the application of local governance in addressing education and health affairs in contemporary Indonesia. There are three main objectives: explaining the development of local governance, finding out the impact of the local governance on public services, and investigating driving factors that influence the local governance application. Methodologically, it is qualitative research by employing a case study. Therefore, the Yogyakarta municipality was selected as the study object due to its outstanding achievements, such as the city cleanest of corruption (2009-2010), the most livable city in Indonesia (2010-2011), and the top rank of the Indonesian governance index (2014). In-depth interviews of eight informants and documentary methods are utilized as data-gathering techniques. The study’s finding is threefold; first, the development of the municipal government can be divided into three steps: the phase of installation of democratic systems, the phase of plentiful signs of progress, and the stable situation. Second, the impact of the governance process on education and health issues is increasing the municipal budget from year to year, supporting facilities, integrated systems, and the pro-poor people policy. Third, a fourfold determining factor that can influence the successful governance: the city mayor’s leadership, a good partnership and cooperation amongst governance actors, the availability of well-educated civil servants, and the maximization of local-owned resources.

Policy evaluation of village fund through an agro-tourism village for sustainable local development Christina Tityanda Putri; Bintoro Wardiyanto; Falih Suaedi
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 2 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Village fund as a tool for policy strategy that Indonesia constructed from the periphery. The purpose of the village fund is to improve the welfare and quality of life of village people, manifested by encouraging the development of independent and sustainable villages with social, economic, and environmental resilience. The amount of budget allocation is designed to build Indonesia from a small scale and drive the revival and passion for creativity and innovation in all elements of the village. Pujon Kidul Village is a village in Malang District that serves as a reference ‘building village’ in the development of an agro-tourism village. Using a qualitative approach to a descriptive method, this research was collected from the village head and the government of Pujon Kidul, as well as NGOs and purposive societies, totaling approximately 15 informants. The findings show the development of tourism village Pujon Kidul has successfully brought change for the local community, especially in the development of human resources using natural resources. Both synergize and complement each other without elements of exploitation and are managed by the village-owned enterprises or Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDesa), which has the authority to include the village in the government’s policy of building from the suburbs (village) to create sustainable development-based localities. Village level policy is a new era of the form of an independent government and encourages the realization of community participation to accelerate the progress of the village and leave the old village mindset behind.

Kiai’s role as ulama and umara: Implications to the pesantren education Ahmad Adi Suradi; Buyung Surahman
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 2 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This article explains the dualism of the role of kiai pesantren (Islamic boarding school) in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera, as ulama and umara, which was later critically elaborated in this research on its implications to the pesantren education. Substantively, this research was inspired by the results of the study of the authors of the 2018 regional elections and ahead of the 2019 elections and presidential elections. The method of this writing can be categorized as qualitative research. The analysis in this paper is carried out on the basis of the concepts of space and field, especially to examine how far the kiai play religious teachings which they believe in social and political behavior in the midst of people’s lives. The results of this study indicate that the rise of kiai who are involved in the world of politics is full of intrigue and conflict among kiai-politicians. One important thing revealed in the involvement of kiai in the political world was that kiai were too close to power, so they used the pesantren for their political interests and made it an instrument for power. For a kiai of pesantren plus politicians, they should be able to carry out their two professions sincerely and istiqomah. If not, the influence of the kiai becomes meaningless, when his authority is deemed to have deviated from what he should have. As a result, many pesantren were abandoned and their development was very alarming. Because of differences in perspective in politics that lead to feuds between the interfaith and the pesantren that they foster.

Ukrainian educational policy on the culture of entrepreneurship in globalization, Europeanization, and glocalization Olga Bakalinska; Olena Belianevych; Olena Honcharenko; Yuriy Pyvovar
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 1 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Today, many factors contribute to the formation of educational policy in Ukraine as regards to the culture of entrepreneurial activity, in particular: globalization, Europeanization, and glocalization. Regarding the culture of entrepreneurial activity, critical stratification in the construction and understanding of business is the characteristic feature of contemporary understanding and is connected with the ‘Europeanization’ of entrepreneurial culture, etc. This article investigates general factors that influence educational policy in Ukraine, the formation of educational policy on entrepreneurship and the culture of the business. The foundation of studies in this article was the methodology of factor analysis. Diagnostic and forecasting methods made it possible to determine the prerequisites and trends for the formation of educational policy on the culture of entrepreneurship in Ukraine. The method of sociological observation helped to study employers’ representations about the status of higher education in the field of entrepreneurship culture. The methods of analysis and diagnosis were used to identify signs of modification of the Ukrainian educational policy on the culture of entrepreneurship in the context of globalization, Europeanization, and glocalization. As a result, it was possible to identify the general factors that influence the formation of educational policy in general and special ones that relate exclusively to entrepreneurial activity and the culture of an entrepreneur. The researchers claim that the pursuit to new progressive, and consistency and imitation are new trends, which must be balanced in the ethical code of the entrepreneur. It is claimed that ethical codes of entrepreneurs and ‘good practice’ are important components of Ukrainian business. At the same time, these instruments are at the formative stage; therefore, their development depends in many respects on educational policy, on the education of entrepreneurs in the spirit of good faith, the honest running of the business, and a responsible attitude to their activities.

Journalism ethics in local newspaper Moch. Syahri
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 1 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Professional and quality journalists are subject to an ethical code and their understanding and competence of said ethics code. Ethics are the minimum values or moral traditions that are used to separate truths from mistakes and good from the bad. Journalism ethics are the rules adhered to by journalists. News coverage has objectives. In order to reach said objectives, journalists should adhere to the professional ethics that they comprehend in the news coverage. Such a comprehension cannot be separated from the different interests involved in the news production process. This research aimed to identify the journalists’ understanding of the values of independence, objectivity, their relationship with their sources and gifts from sources. This research used the phenomenology method. Data collection was done via interviews with 13 Radar Malang journalists. The data analysis employed was Turner’s Theory of Structuration. The research findings presented that first, independence and objectivity are ethical values that are impossible for journalists to maintain. This is since news writing involves interpretation and choices because writing the news is the result of the journalists’ interpretation of their economic interests and journalist idealism. The news is written with a particular tendency in mind. Objectivity is only regarded in the scope of the balance of news. Second, there is a dynamic relationship between journalists and the sources of the news. Journalists are always in a dilemma when writing news that relates to the interests of the news sources. Journalists may receive any gifts from the sources so long as they do not relate to the news. In general, journalists should refuse remittance. However, any other kinds of gifts are still tolerable.

Socio-economic investigation of osteoporosis patients Shamas-ud Din; Naimatullah Hashmi
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 2 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Osteoporosis has become a public health problem risk factor worldwide and a deliberate disease that affects both women and men equally. The main objective of this study is to explore the socio-economic status of osteoporosis patients related to the occurrence of osteoporosis— the current study conducted at federal government hospitals in Islamabad. A quantitative research method used to collect data through a well-designed questionnaire. A stratified random sampling technique used to select a sample of 400 osteoporosis patients within 35-80 years. Mann-Whitney U Test applied for a dependent, independent variable, and frequency distribution tables used for univariate analysis. Results showed that osteoporosis patients were spending more money on their household expenditures than health. The socio-economic status of osteoporosis patients is essential for the prevention of osteoporosis and their treatment. Osteoporosis is one of the major global health issues associated with socio-economic status. The present study recommended that the improvement of socio-economic status and increasing the level of education could play a vital role in reducing the risks of osteoporosis.

The function of the educational value in the ma’parapa (silence) text in the process of the rampanan kapa’ (wedding ceremony) Harmita Sari; Andi Rizkiyah Hasbi; Sukmawati Tono Palangngan
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 3 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

One community that has a complex marriage system is Toraja, it is one of the tribes in Indonesia who still maintains their ancestral cultural traditions in their social life. The institutions in the Toraja communities are always associated with aluk (teachings or rules of life). This study aims to describe the educational values and functions in the text ma’parapa (silence) in the procession of rampanan kapa’ (wedding ceremony) in Tana Toraja. This type of research is qualitative research, and the research data is in the form of text quotations that describe the educational value contained in the ma’parapa text in the procession of the rampanan kapa’ in Tana Toraja. The results of this study indicate that the educational value contained in the text ma’parapa in the procession of rampanan kapa’ consists of 1) the value of religious education, namely to educate all people always to be grateful, to trust, and to exalt God’s power, 2) moral education, namely to express respect or in the sense of asking for permission before doing something in front of others by saying the word tabe, 3) social education, which is useful for the community to foster life with its environment, 4) cultural education, namely inviting all people to always maintain and develop marriage customs in it there are procedures for getting married which contain many moral messages that need to be applied in everyday life. The educational function of the ma’parapa text in the procession of rampanan kapa’ in Tana Toraja includes 1) the function of education for family and cultural groups, which is to encourage the younger generation to dare to speak in public, to be able to implement good behavior in daily life -day, and so that the younger generation can interpret advice, and relationships with God Almighty, and 2) to understand aluk rampanan kapa’ as a very sacred level of the ceremony where if there is a violation it will be sanctioned by fellow humans and also from the Creator.

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