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Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik

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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20867050 EISSN : 25286013 DOI : 10.20473/mkp.V34I22021.119-132

Core Subject : Humanities, Art,

Arts Humanities

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Articles 404 Documents

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Development planning to accelerate Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Mahakam Ulu Districts as a new autonomous region Bambang Irawan; Paisal Akbar; Eko Priyo Purnomo; Achmad Nurmandi
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 34 No. 2 (2021): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The new autonomous regions have been seen as a burden because many have not developed into areas that can build inclusive societies. The upstream area of the Mahakam River in 2013 bring forth a new autonomous region called the Mahakam Ulu Districts, and the study aims to describe development planning in the region. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach using secondary data. The research results show that the newly autonomous region of Mahakam Ulu Districts is a breath of fresh air for the people of the ideals of equitable development in their regions. Development planning has also upheld the SDGs’ goals; this can be seen from the programs that have been carried out, aiming to bring the Mahakam Ulu District prosperity and justice. The transformation of the values contained in the pillars of the SDGs has also felt to be present in the annual priority programs that have been carried out by Mahakam Ulu Districts, including in terms of social development, environmental development, economic development, and legal and governance development which continue to be pursued by all parties upstream of the Mahakam River, Mahakam Ulu Districts.

Digital ethnography of social media: Srikandi Sungai Indonesia activists in water and river conservation Sri Kusumo Habsari; Fatkhu Rohmatin; Istadiyantha Istadiyantha
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 34 No. 1 (2021): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Women have been recognized as environmental activists and having a greater awareness of ecology worldwide since the 19th century. There are many stories of women activists worldwide who have developed significant models for protecting the environment. Social media’s popularity has changed how activists advocate their ideas to generate awareness and environmental protection participation. This study focuses on the grassroots women who join SSI and actively campaign for water and river conservation through social media. It attempts to identify how they use social media to campaign and analyzes their posts’ digital contents to understand their motivation for challenging the water river degradation and their value systems and insights, which drive them to take action. This study considers social media as cultural artifacts and providing spaces for social interaction. The researchers observe SSI’s posting behaviors and identify how they use social media for environmental activism to obtain the data. The finding shows two kinds of women activists join SSI: those who actively involve and participate in the campaign and those who click to support the activities. It also shows that the environmental activist women use social media to communicate their activities rather than maximizing its function to campaign to change the public perspective and attitude concerning the need to take care of the rivers’ water and riverbanks. Women activists continue to adopt dominant Indonesian patterns and social media use orders. Social media’s function is still seen only as a space for selfies rather than to develop a political message concerning environmentalism.

Women in health: Social practices in online health information management Rizghina Ikhwan
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 4 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Women have the right to take health measures on their bodies. In carrying out health measures, individuals need to seek health information. Health information can be obtained from the environment such as family, neighborhood, and groups involved in it. Along with the increase in technology, information is obtained from the individual environment and the outside world through electronic media and information spread in electronic media can be accessed anytime and anywhere. One of the groups seeking information about health from electronic media is PKK Gunung Anyar Tambak. This study used a qualitative method by conducting in-depth interviews with 16 members of the PKK Gunung Anyar Tambak using snowball sampling. This study found that the information conveyed by women was considered correct after carrying out the information management process with other people, so it requires a negotiation process when taking health measures for their families. In this case, negotiations were carried out with each of the husbands of PKK Gunung Anyar Tambak members. The husband has the power to reject or accept the information conveyed by the wife. The wife must manage online health information obtained from electronic media before it is conveyed to her husband and it can be accepted and practiced in her family.

Trafficking of women and girls in the District of Seke: Lessons from the Zimbabwe’s Second Republic Maybe Zengenene
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 3 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The study explores the phenomenon of human trafficking in Zimbabwe’s second republic under President Emerson Mnangagwa. Using conflict theory, the study argues that the discourse of human trafficking in Zimbabwe is a complex phenomenon that has led to women’s and girls’ vulnerability in the Seke District. Primary data gathered from five female core informants who have been the direct victims of human trafficking and three significant others who were the parents and guardians of human trafficking victims. The snowball sampling technique was employed to obtain the female core informants for the in-depth interviews. The study also benefitted from secondary sources such as journal articles, online newspapers, government, and international UN, ILO, UNESCO, and UNICEF reports. The results of this study show that eco-socio and political ills such as a high rate of unemployment, a shortage of essential goods, cash, corruption, electricity, gender inequality, poverty, power relations and the continuous harassment by the security forces such as the police and the army have escalated the vulnerability of women to human trafficking in Zimbabwe. Since Zimbabwe’s eco-political situation is a powerful determinant of both the continuation and abandonment of the human trafficking social phenomena, this study recommends that the present government solve the grassroots causes of the phenomena. With enforcement at the grassroots level and regional and international initiatives, human trafficking can be combated.

Reproduction of Volcanic Rituals in Appealing for the Right to Live in Disaster-Prone Zones on Mount Merapi Bambang Hudayana
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 34 No. 2 (2021): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

In response to the Mount Merapi eruption in 2010, the government had conducted several disaster risk reduction programs. However, the programs had ironically threatened hamlets as communities regarding their rights to practice their local knowledge and live in their home ground. This study employed a qualitative method involving five hamlets from December 2019 until February 2020. The data were collected by employing participatory observation and depth interviews, involving the ritual organizers, participants, citizens, guests, and other audience. Spirited by ritual theory as political action, this research showed that the hamlets formulated volcanic ritual reproductions into three forms which were the delegitimation of the disaster risk reduction programs, the reinforcement of Kejawen identity, and the showing off the safety and prosperity. Those reproductions were recognized by the emergence of new ritual processions in the forms of parades, pilgrimages, offerings, and enhancements of ritual formalization and celebrations. Those reproductions positively impacted the literacy and recognition from both the government and general society that those hamlets have been living a safe and prosperous life in Merapi, even though they are located in disaster-prone areas.

The United Kingdom’s response to the 2014-2018 Islamic State Terrorist Group attacks Dewi Nawar Sri Juita
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 34 No. 1 (2021): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Advancements in technology, information, and communication have transformed warfare from a conventional method to psychological warfare (psywar). In the past, warfare was heavily associated with various weapons, such as rifles, bombs, or even nuclear power, to attack an area for specific purposes. In the modern era, warfare is more concerned about technology and information superiority to threaten the enemy faster and more robust. Modern warfare targets the psychology of society in order to win the war. Islamic State (IS) has attracted the world’s attention for its successful strategy in using Twitter in waging war on a country, in this case, the United Kingdom. The purpose of this research is to describe the United Kingdom government’s response in fighting Islamic State attacks on Twitter. This research uses descriptive methods by collecting data from books, the internet, journals, and scientific articles. This study indicates that the United Kingdom responds to Islamic State attacks through two patterns, hard and soft power. The hard power method is carried out through intelligence, police, and economic power to collaborate with international organizations such as the United Nations. The soft power pattern was implemented by creating official state Twitter accounts such as @UKAgainstDaesh, @coalition, @TerrorismPolice, and collaboration with the Global Internet Forum Counter-Terrorism (GIFCT). This strategy plays an essential role in stopping the spread of online terrorism-related content online by blocking related photos, videos, and texts of terrorism.

Runggu or local wisdom-based conflict resolution: The role of the Pengituai Kuta Toba Sastrawan Manik; Suharno Suharno
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 4 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Conflict resolution is needed by society, especially in Indonesia, which has a diverse culture; it is inherent in the culture. Conflict resolution based on local wisdom is needed to create peace in society because it always strives to produce decisions that are win-win solutions. This research examines the importance and role of local wisdom as a form of conflict resolution in society and examines the role of the Pengituai Kuta in Pakpak culture as a conflict resolution method. This research is qualitative research with a case study approach conducted in Matanari Hamlet, Ujung Teran Village, Dairi Regency, North Sumatra. The data collection techniques used were semi-structured interviews, observation, and literature study. The subject of information in this study consisted of three people, namely one member of Pengituai Kuta Matanari (JM) and the Head of Matanari Hamlet (PP), and Cultural Practitioner or Humanist Pakpak (LB). According to Miles and Huberman’s model, the data is processed, which includes the collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion. This finding shows that the Pengituai Kuta has an essential and influential role in resolving horizontal conflicts in Matanari Hamlet. The local wisdom of the Indonesian people already has conflict resolution systems and methods. In Pakpak culture, Pengituai Kuta refers to representatives of community leaders who are considered experienced and exemplary. Every conflict is resolved by deliberation-consensus (runggu) in an open, egalitarian, and full of brotherhood.

Vote-buying as a moderator variable: The effect of political trust on college student participation in election Muhammad Arief Sumantri; Suryanto Suryanto
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 3 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Considering that the number of college student beginner voters in the Indonesian 2019 General Election has experienced a drastic increase, this research aims to determine the effect of political trust and vote-buying on college students’ political participation in the general elections, partially, and simultaneously. This research was conducted on 348 active college students in Surabaya, using the purposive sampling technique. The scale was used to measure political participation, vote-buying, and the researchers composed the college students’ political trust. The data analysis techniques used to test the research hypotheses were the Hierarchical Regression Test, Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA), and the Andrew Hayes Process. The results of the analysis show that political trust (p=0.038), vote-buying (p=0.001) partially, and simultaneously (p=0.000) affect political participation. Partially, political trust has a positive effect, while on the other hand, vote-buying has a negative effect. In addition, vote-buying is also a significant moderator variable used to strengthen the influence of political trust (β=0.658, t=1.984, p=0.048) among college students concerning political participation. In this study, vote-buying acts as a quasi-moderator because the effect of Z (vote buying) on Y (political participation) and the effect of Z*X1 (vote-buying*political trust) interaction on Y; has been proven to be significant. It can be concluded that political trust positively and significantly influences college students’ political participation in the general elections.

Taliban insurgency and transnational organized crime nexus Mohammad Ayub Mirdad
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 3 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Afghanistan has been demolished by more than three decades of the ongoing war since the war against the Soviet Union started in 1979. The Afghanistan-Pakistan region provides a geographically secure location and a space of opportunity for organized crime and terrorist groups. This paper aims at exploring the Taliban nexus with organized crime groups in Afghanistan and the region through Makarenko’s crime-terror continuum theory. The method of this study is qualitative through the descriptive-analytical approach. The growing connection between insurgents and organized crime poses essential challenges to the region. Each group has developed both criminal and terrorist elements while not relinquishing its original organizing principle. Afghanistan is a war-torn country and weak governance, terrorism, narcotics, illegal mining, poor border control, and widespread corruption provide the perfect opportunity for convergence of the Taliban with organized criminal and insurgent groups in the region. The Taliban and organized crime groups are involved in kidnapping for ransom, drug trade, extortion, and exploitation of natural resources. The finding indicates that, although the objectives of the insurgent and organized crime organizations differ widely, these enabling variables are also suitable for organized crime organizations. The primary objective of organized crime is to gain profit, and the objective of the insurgent is to contest the state power and promote political change through violence. The economic sources are the primary main reason why the two organizations converge.

Development of community-based tourism: Study in Kertayasa Village, Pangandaran Districts, West Java Rifki Rahmanda Putra; Ute Lies Siti Khadijah; Cecep Ucu Rakhman; Evi Novianti
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 34 No. 2 (2021): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Kertayasa Tourism Village is one of the leading tourism villages in the Pangandaran Districts, West Java Province. It is proven by having won various awards, one of which is the champion of the advanced tourism village category in the 2019 Nusantara Tourism Village Competition. The community’s role in developing the village’s potential with sustainable tourism is one of the keys to the tourism village’s success. This study aims to identify a general description of Kertayasa Village development as a tourism village, analyze the development concept of community-based tourism, and analyze the relationship between the development concept with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The research method used is a qualitative approach with case study design and interactive model analysis techniques. The key informants in this study were selected using purposive sampling techniques, including the elements of the Kertayasa Village apparatus, community leaders, and tourism practitioners. The results showed the criteria for developing Kertayasa Tourism Village based on attractions, amenities, accessibility, and ancillary services. The development pattern is a tourist attractions cluster model (Green Canyon), which stimulates the surrounding villages’ development. The development’s characteristic is bottom-up with community empowerment’s central issue in environment, economy, and social-cultural to supports SDGs.

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