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Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik

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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20867050 EISSN : 25286013 DOI : 10.20473/mkp.V34I22021.119-132

Core Subject : Humanities, Art,

Arts Humanities

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 404 Documents

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Indonesia’s political culture in the new digital age: A preliminary discussion Ari Ganjar Herdiansah; Widya Setiabudi Sumadinata
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 4 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The development of increasingly accessible digital media has resulted in reasonably intense dynamics of political behaviour and articulation. However, the influence of the internet and social media use on Indonesian political culture has not been much discussed. This article explains changes in contemporary Indonesia’s political culture that align with the proliferation of new digital media by considering socio-political conditions and modernization. In its analysis, this article employs a historical-comparative method with an interpretive approach. The results of this study demonstrate that the traditional conception of power relation has historically influenced Indonesian political culture. In the post-Suharto era, the direct electoral system and primacy of television media promoted popular voter preferences that degraded traditional charismatic figures. The rise of the Internet and social media then had democratizing implications by increasing online public discussion. However, subsequent development of new digital media also illustrated counterproductive trajectory to democratic values as online frictions triggered ethnic and religious-based regrouping. Finally, this article considers that although widespread usage of the Internet and social media inspire democratic implications to Indonesian political culture, longstanding and deep-rooted traits, such as primordialism, persist within this more digitalized society.

Development of community participation based on behaviour in managing participative programs Dedy Hermawan; Simon Sumanjoyo Hutagalung
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 3 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The government uses the participation approach in the efforts to overcome the socio-economic problem capacity within the community since it was able to increase community empowerment indirectly, even though to the probability of fake participation in the program implementation still exist. The purpose of this research is to find out the participation form that raised by the government programs, by looking at the community behaviour factors that determine the success of participation and a behaviour-based model of community participation to overcome the participation problem. The research type is descriptive with a qualitative approach through the application of several methods of data collection, in-depth interviews, secondary data studies and observations. The informants of this study were 20 people from local government, program implementers and target groups. The analysis data is using the qualitative technique. The results identified the typology of participation that emerged in the management of community participation programs in Lampung Province in the area of non-participation, delegation of authority and partnerships. The conditions of participation that occur driven by community behaviour factors. Consist of three factors, namely: 1) Trust or opportunity to participate; 2) Ability to participate, and 3) Willingness to participate in each activity determined by the presence or absence of the interests concerned. In the end, a behaviour-based participation management model built by adopting the concept of community engagement and personal engagement.

Changes in gender relations in advertisement show on formula milk in television Arizal Mutahir
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 4 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

In addition to selling products, formula milk advertisements also displayed an overview of what, who, and how is the Indonesian children’s identity. The process of constructing a gender perspective of Indonesian children occurred through the representation of children in these advertisements. This paper sought to read advertisements on formula milk in connection to gender relations. The purpose of this paper was to find out how the identity and gender of Indonesian children represented in formula milk advertisement. The constructionist approach used in this paper. Roland Barthes’s semiotic method used to read the child’s description and the child’s gender relations represented in the ad. The data of this paper were 45 adverts of formula milk from eight different brands that aired on television throughout 2011. In the reading process, it revealed that the description of gender roles in formula milk advertisements was a new form of gender relations in Indonesia. In advertisements, there was a mother figure who is still concerned with domestic roles. However, the boundary between domestic space and public space had been fading. The appearance of men had undergone modifications. Fathers were displayed interacting with his children in a friendly manner. This change in appearance did not necessarily change gender stereotypes. Boys were still dominant. They showed as healthy and smart. It had implications for gender ideas that were embedded and expressed in the appearance of children. Boys showed preparing to stare at the future with all the advantages attached to them. Children who showed advertisements of formula milk are boys who look contemporary, creative and come from the middle class.

The exploitation of women’s body in the practice of Warung Kopi Pangku Ferry Wahyu Arladin
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 4 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This study focuses on examining the exploitation of women’s bodies in the social practice of warung kopi pangku in Jombang. A woman’s body considered to be an object used to attract consumers, as evidenced by their appearance as a sexy maid, whether through the minimalist clothing worn or excessive preening. Warung kopi pangku also provides sensuality through the body of waitresses. Their activities include not only just making orders but also accompanying the consumers who are enjoying their coffee. The waitresses’ body becomes a power regulation target, namely when they targeted for arrest during raids. Warung kopi pangku currently exists. Many visitors come to the shops and the women employed have not reduced in number. This study attempts to describe the forms of human exploitation that occur concerning the waitresses in the specific situation of warung kopi pangku. This study used a qualitative research method with a critical paradigm. Collecting the data was done through in-depth interviews to 14 informants consisting of waitresses, consumers and the owner of warung kopi pangku. To dismantle the problems, we used the theoretical perspective of Michel Foucault on the power of the body. The results of the study showed that the bodily exploitation of waitresses could occur in various situations. The appearance of the waitresses is the most visible aspect that involves exploitation. It was proven through the beautiful body image of waitresses being used to provoking consumer sexual desire. Bodily exploitation was also done through the control of the work activity of the waitresses. They have to provide an entertaining atmosphere while accompanying the consumers. The exploitation also occurred in the covert prostitution practice. There were sexual transactions conducted in warung kopi pangku, so the waitresses’ bodies were reduced to a satisfaction tool for sexual needs. The bodily exploitation of the waitresses was a powerful strategy to condition the body as an effort to support the existence of warung kopi pangku. The waitresses’ bodies were controlled through discursive practices; therefore, the exploitation was not considered to be a problem.

Community empowerment model of coastal border based on ecotourism Toto Sugito; Adhi Iman Sulaiman; Ahmad Sabiq; Muslih Faozanudin; Bambang Kuncoro
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 4 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Development in coastal areas is an essential priority for overcoming social and economic gaps and conflicts through empowerment programs. The purpose of this research is to create a model of ecotourism-based coastal community empowerment. This study uses the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) qualitative research method by collecting data through in-depth interviews, observation, documentation analysis, Focus Group Discussion (DKT) and Participatory Decision Making (PDM). Research locations in the border area of West Kalimantan are Sebubus Village and Temajuk Village, Paloh District, Sambas Regency. The informants of this study were 35 people consisting of empowerment activists, community leaders, village government, business groups, academics, and tourists. Research data were analysed using a SWOT analysis. The results showed 1) To develop the potential of mangrove forest ecotourism and processing of food from mangrove fruit, sea turtle breeding, and coastal inheritance, participatory empowerment programs are needed; 2) Youth activists become activists of empowering ecotourism with community leaders needing support and cooperation with village and regional governments, as well as the private sector; and 3) The need to improve road infrastructure, electricity and telecommunications signals, especially in Temajuk Village so as not to cause social and economic dependence and jealousy with the Malaysian border area.

The study of crime and its relation to the development Elvi Zuriyani; Rika Despica
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 1 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This study discusses the crimes that have occurred in Padang city and their relationship with the development of the city itself. This study used a descriptive spatial approach. The data on crime obtained from Pos Metro Padang newspaper, which specifically contains criminal news from 2015-2016. The data on the development of Padang city was taken from a literature study using a Central Bureau of Statistics or Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) report. The study used indicators such as the economic level of the region, population data, population density, regional infrastructure, and any linkages with other regions. The results of this study involved the dominant crimes in Padang city of theft, illegal drugs, and immorality. The results showed that there were six sub-districts with high crime rates in 2015 and 2016, including West Padang, South Padang, Lubuk Begalung, Kuranji, East Padang, and Koto Tangah. West Padang and South Padang are downtown areas with high levels of economic activity. East Padang, Lubuk Begalung, Kuranji, and Koto Tangah are the suburban areas of Padang, which also have high population density levels. These areas focused around an education center in Padang City. Based on the results, there is a link between the development of the region and criminal activity. With the presence of various activities in the downtown area, densely populated people and the large number of activities that take place in suburban areas will result in the emergence of various attractions that makes people interested in coming to the region. It is also one of the factors that can trigger criminal acts in Padang city.

The search for a common livelihood space between rural and industrial areas Andi Ali Said Akbar; Oktafiani C. Pratiwi; Indaru S. Nurprojo; Syah Firdaus
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 1 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Rural areas, according to Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, are placed as the economic power behind the villages themselves, especially concerning the agricultural sector. Ideally, the village focused on the development of the agricultural sector. However, there are 158 factories in Purbalingga Regency located in rural areas. While the protection of the rural areas and the spatial planning of industry is unclear, there are conflicts primarily related to the designation of rivers, irrigation canals, agricultural features, settlements, and water and air pollution. This research explains the study of industrial space and the related functional arrangements, especially in the agriculture-based rural and industrial areas of Purbalingga. This paper based on the research results, which were determined using qualitative methods and a case study approach. The data collected through observations, a document-based study, and interviews. The informant selection techniques used were purposive and snowball. Data validity was confirmed using an interactive analysis model. This study interviewed eleven informants who were from the Agricultural Office in addition to the Chief of the Urban Village, a Former Chief of the Village, a Former Chief of the Urban Village, a Chief from Village, Village Officers, Public Society Institution activists, and affected farmers. The results of the study are as follows 1) Purbalingga Government has an unclear vision concerning its long-term planning for industrial areas. The lack can see it of harmony present in the development of rural and industrial areas causing conflict between the actors involved, 2) the high investment from Purbalingga Government brings in a new problem, which is the neglecting of both the agricultural and environmental interests present. This research concludes, the government allowed for the development of rural areas that otherwise prioritized the development of the industrial sector. It is done without considering spatial planning, causing a sustained conflict between the actors.

Counter-hegemony of the East Java Biennale art community against the domination of hoax content reproduction Jokhanan Kristiyono; Rachmah Ida; Musta'in Mashud
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 1 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This research analyses and describes in detail how the digital biennale activities that are a part of the Indonesian Digital art community has become a form of criticism and silent resistance to the social hegemony. It refers to the ideology, norms, rules, and myths that exist in modern society in Indonesia, especially the reproduction of hoax content. Hoax refers to the logic people who live in a world of cyber media with all of its social implications. This phenomenon is a problem, and it is at the heart of the exploration of the art community in East Java Biennale. The critical social theory perspective of Gramsci’s theory forms the basis of this research analysis. The qualitative research approach used a digital ethnomethodology research method focused on the online and offline social movements in the Biennale Art Community. The data collection techniques used were observation and non-active participation in the process of reproduction-related to the exhibition of Indonesian Biennale digital artworks. It was then analyzed using Gramsci’s hegemony theory. The purpose of this study was to describe the process of social movements in a digital format conducted by the Indonesian Biennale when reproducing works of art to counteract the dominance and hegemony of the Hoax phenomenon in Indonesia. The benefit of this research was that it obtained a preposition of Gramsci’s hegemony theory in the world of digital art as created by contemporary Indonesian Biennale artists. Digital technology has had a tremendous effect on the media industry, government, trade, informal industry sector, human resources, urban planning, services, disaster relief, health, education, religion, artistic and cultural expression, in addition to various other fields. The conclusion obtained from this research is that there is a formation of a new hegemony, a digital hegemony. This new hegemony is of particular concern for the digital artists in East Java Biennale. Through the digital format works, the artists also try to communicate their art as a form of silent resistance, protest, and criticism of the hegemony that occurs in society, referring to the ideology, norms, and myths. It can be called a digital counter-hegemony.s

Penjor in Hindu Communities: A symbolic phrases of relations between human to human, to environment, and to God I Gst. Pt. Bagus Suka Arjawa; I Gst. Agung Mas Rwa Jayantiari
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 1 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The purpose of this article was to observe the development of the social meaning derived from penjor (bamboo decorated with flowers as an expression of thanks to God) for the Balinese Hindus. In the beginning, the meaning of penjor serves as a symbol of Mount Agung, and it developed as a human wisdom symbol. This research was conducted in Badung and Tabanan Regency, Bali using a qualitative method. The time scope of this research was not only on the Galungan and Kuningan holy days, where the penjor most commonly used in society. It also used on the other holy days, including when people hold the caru (offerings to the holy sacrifice) ceremony, in the temple, or any other ceremonial place and it is also displayed at competition events. The methods used were hermeneutics and verstehen. These methods served as a tool for the researcher to use to interpret both the phenomena and sentences involved. The results of this research show that the penjor has various meanings. It does not only serve as a symbol of Mount Agung and human wisdom; and it also symbolizes gratefulness because of God’s generosity and human happiness and cheerfulness. Penjor is a Tri Hita Karana (harmonious relationship between humans, humans with the environment, and humans with God) symbol.

The Ma’atenu communication rituals of Pelauw Muslims community Sulaeman Sulaeman; Kamaruzzaman Kamaruzzaman; Mahdi Malawat
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 4 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The purpose of this research is to analyse of the symbols Ma’atenu ritual communication process of Pelauw Muslims community. Ma’atenu is an integral part of rituals society, held as the fusion of Islamic teachings interaction with the values of local wisdom. The rituals started with prayer using various media such as machetes, swords, tifa, tambourine, and immune test to from as power of ancestral spirits by cutting, slicing and stabbing body parts such as stomach, chest, hands, feet, neck, cheeks, tongue, and head. This research employed a subjective interpretive paradigm with ethnography communication approach by Dell Hymes based on symbolic interaction perspective. Involving 17 informants with one ma’ahala lahat, one ma’ataru ame, three kings of the country, three mothers and/or wives, and the remaining nine practitioners of ritual communication actions from the western, southern and eastern sectors chose purposively. The study finds that Ma’atenu communication event act as symbols of the ritual home clan (small clan, parent clan, and merger clan), the sacred meal, self-cleaning action ritual communication action, self-cleaning action, and fabric wreath. Any communication event represents symbols of devotion, struggle, disposal of a bad attitude, immunity and power, and self-recovery. Communication consists of pattern between communication components that forms pattern within Ma’atenu rituals appear in plea to God, veneration of ancestral spirits, and social solidarity of Muslims in Pelauw.

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