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Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik

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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20867050 EISSN : 25286013 DOI : 10.20473/mkp.V34I22021.119-132

Core Subject : Humanities, Art,

Arts Humanities

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 404 Documents

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Parental involvement for better education: The relationship between parental awareness, emotional support, and children’s academic achievement at secondary level Junaid Aman; Muhammad Babar Akram; Siti Mas'udah; Muhammad Saud; Yasir Nawaz Manj
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 4 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Students’ academic achievement greatly influenced by their parents’ socioeconomic status and involvement in their academic life. Regardless of the parents’ educational qualifications, their support helps the children gain confidence in education and then in life. This study intends to see the relationship between two independent variables: parental awareness and emotional support to children and one dependent variable: academic achievement. The study area is Jafarabad, a district in Balochistan, Pakistan. The sample size was 250, designated using the Taro Yamani formula, and a simple random sampling technique was used to choose the respondents. The questionnaire was then used to collect information. The collected data was then coded and analyzed in SPSS. Pearson correlation test was used to test the hypotheses. Significant findings show that the lack of parental awareness and interest in student’s school activities is the primary cause of their poor academic achievement at secondary school. Accordingly, the study concludes that it is the primary responsibility of parents to support their children and cooperate with school administration emotionally. Therefore, the government, specifically the district education office, and local NGOs need to run awareness campaigns on the importance of parental involvement in the children’s education, which will result in the children’s excellent academic achievement.

Discourse on the shifting of local beauty: Concepts in an Easternization era Diana Puspitasari; Yudi Suryadi
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 1 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The desire to be beautiful among Indonesian women today is influenced by the construction of beauty from outside of the culture. The popular culture of parts of East Asia has entered Indonesia and the Eastern concept of beauty has brought in a different paradigm compared to the local beauty of the Indonesian people. This study is a descriptive qualitative study involving discourse analysis that examines the shift in the construction of beauty held by Indonesian women in the decades 1990-2000 and 2001-2010 through the cosmetic advertisements that appeared on television. Through this research, the shift in the concept of beauty and the discourse hidden behind the present construction of beauty will be revealed. The results found that in the early 1990s, Indonesian women were still oriented towards the reality of the condition that Indonesian women’s skin is tanned. This shifted to the concept of fair skin being preferred using traditional ethnic materials in Indonesia. From the 2000s up until the present, the increasingly popular culture of Japan and Korea has made Indonesian women want white skin like Japanese and Korean women. The change is driven by the desire to be beautiful by those who have experienced the shift in the discourse and beauty concept. Capitalists, as the owners of capital, always want to reap the benefits of every phenomenon that occurs in society. The use of different taglines on the beauty products is a beauty discourse construction strategy in itself and it is a form of symbolic violence against women.

Developing homestay to support community-based tourism Ilham Junaid; Nur Salam; Muh. Arfin M. Salim
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 4 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Wakatobi regency has been chosen as a ten-top priority tourism destination in Indonesia. It provides the opportunity for the local community to obtain benefits through tourism. The aims of this research are 1) to study the expectation of the community related to the management of homestay as accommodation business; 2) to analyse challenges and provide recommendations concerning how to implement community-based tourism on the perspective of community as the organiser of the homestay. Qualitative research conducted in March 2018 by visiting Wakatobi for participant observation and interviews three community members or homestay managers, two tour guides and two people from the tourism industry (accommodation). The research indicates that tourism has encouraged the local community to manage homestay, although there are members of the community require motivation and support to understand the significances of managing homestay and tourism. The management of homestay by the local community links to the implementation of community-based tourism and to optimise the management of homestay; it is necessary to provide sustainable training for the local community as well as to empower people through local tourism organisation. Key attractors such as activities and alternative attractions for the visitors are essential for the management of homestay. Limited numbers of tourists who choose homestay to become the challenge for homestay management, thus, the local community expects that the increasing number of tourists as well as a willingness by tourists to choose homestay as their accommodation.

Impact of a free public transportation service for rural households Slamet Rosyadi; Shadu S. Wijaya; M. Husnul Maab; Zaula Rizqi Atika; Chamid Sutikno
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 1 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The transportation service subsidy is intended to ease the burden of students from low-income families by helping with their need for mobility. The local government provides a transportation service expenditure budget annually to pay for the transportation services they require. Theoretically, the subsidy benefits the poor, although a study on the evaluation of the transportation service subsidy program is still needed to ascertain whether the program beneficiaries benefit from the program. This study used a survey method, and it deepened by the in-depth interviews conducted with 98 respondents. It used to obtain supporting information to pair with the survey results. The critical findings from this study are that the subsidy program has increased the rate of savings in terms of transportation service spending, and it has also reduced the burden of food expenditure among the poor. Better access to education services among the program recipient students reduced traffic congestion, and the enthusiasm for learning within low-income family students are also benefits. Another benefit is that the public transport drivers involved in the program get sustainable income certainty. The income of the recipient community groups has increased moderately compared to the non-recipient groups. However, saving on transportation spending does not contribute significantly to the burden of food expenditure for low-income families. The reason for this is that the free transportation subsidies received by the poor are minimal in terms of the frequency of coupon use. This study concludes that free transport subsidies in the short term can alleviate the burden on the poor, and in the long run, they can improve the welfare of the poor.

Emotional branding analysis for the Korean Drama-based tourism locations Amida Yusriana; Devi Purnamasari; Nalal Muna
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 4 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

City branding is an effort to build a particular image of a city. Semarang is one of Indonesia’s big cities that has not yet succeeded in finding the right brand to represent it. The researcher has conducted a pilot research study that aims to build Semarang’s city branding as The Cinematic City. It is due to Semarang’s background of often becoming a shoot location for famous movies. South Korea is well known because of its pop cultures, such as drama. Drama is one of the main factors that contribute to the increasing number of foreign visitors. They mostly visit popular drama shooting locations as their destinations. These kinds of tourism site are successful at developing emotional branding in the visitor’s minds. Looking at the similarity of South Korea and Semarang will help Semarang to learn a lot from what South Korea has done. This research aims to analyse how emotional branding represented through the Korean drama-based tourism site gimmicks. This research used the Emotional Branding theory by Marc Gobe. It assumed that emotional bonding is an essential thing in terms of engaging the customer and product in a particular phase. The main subjects of this research are the gimmicks in Nami Island. The result shows that the Relationship Aspect fulfilled by changing the theme and properties according to the season. For the Five Senses Experience, it only employs the sense of sight and touch by creating many gimmicks that can be a photo-taking hot spot. The Imagination aspect fulfilled by the unique design of the Emotional Identity put forward, such as the snowman.

Symbolism of sacred and profane animals in the Quran Anas Ahmadi
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 1 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The story of animal symbolism is associated with knowledge and wisdom. This is in order to be used as an example by humans as a valuable lesson. Humans can learn ethics from fables. In the modern view, the symbolism of animals in relation to the issue of eco-psychology has become a trending topic. This study aims to explore the symbolism of sacred and profane animals in the Quran through a hermeneutic-anthropological perspective. This study used a qualitative-descriptive method by describing the data narratively. The data analysis techniques used in this study are hybridization techniques. First, there is reciting the verses (hermeneutical-anthropological) in the Quran can be either universal or particular. Second, there is identifying the passages that relate to animals, whether real pets or unreal ones (symbolism). Third, there is the classification of the animals associated with the pattern of binary oppositions, and the Quran in the context of mytheme (unit of myths) and cheritheme (unit of the story). Fourth, there is the search for collective mediation functions for the community supporters who are in the Quran - mytheme and cheritheme animals. The findings of this study are that: 1) animal symbolism in the Quran appears in the form of either dyadic or triadic and 2) the symbolism of animals the Quran shows that animals in the Quran have a collective mediating function for the supporting community,i.e. a) animals as intermediaries towards holy people (through sacrifice); b) animals as medicine/human health; and c) animals as protectors. The conclusion of this study shows that animals in the Quran appear in both real and symbolic form.

The development of village-owned enterprises: Lessons learned from Ponggok Village Andrian Dolfriandra Huruta; Eranus Yoga Kundhani; Chistopher Ramaoli Manurung
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 1 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The Tirta Mandiri village-owned enterprises or BUMDes is one of the best village-owned enterprises in Indonesia. It has made these village-owned enterprises a learning center for others in Indonesia. Currently, Tirta Mandiri village-owned enterprises have the role of creating new business fields in Ponggok Village (Polanharjo District, Klaten Regency). This study applied a qualitative method by conducting a case study. The primary data gathered through in-depth interviews with seven key informants and two supporting informants. The secondary data collected through the business management and planning documents of the Tirta Mandiri village-owned enterprises. Tirta Mandiri village-owned enterprises have been able to develop seven business units in the form of Limited Companies (Ltd.). Their presence can increase the output, income, and labor (multiplier effect) of the Ponggok villagers. It is proven by the presence of new businesses in the community. The development of the Tirta Mandiri village-owned enterprises is inseparable from the social capital of the community as a foundation for the development of the village-owned enterprises themselves. Furthermore, community participation actualized through investments, which are a sign of the public’s trust in the village-owned enterprises. Money is energy, and planning is the compass, and authority is the driver where the village takes part in realizing its autonomy. Learning from experience is one way to create sustainable village-owned enterprises.

The development of Bojongsari Water Attractions (Owabong) Solahuddin Kusumanegara; M. Soebiantoro; Triana Ahdiati
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 2 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The local government of Purbalingga and society develops Owabong to increase their economic condition. The development has set as a model for other regions. This study aims to describe the policy evaluation of Owabong development as a leading tourist attraction in Purbalingga, Central Java. The study uses a qualitative method with a case-study approach equipped with quantitative data in the form of survey results— the data collected through the observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies. There are 15 informants taken purposively for the interviews, and 76 respondents were randomly selected for the survey sample. The research uses the interactive analysis technique from Miles & Huberman and descriptive statistics analysis to analyze it. The result shows that a low Human Development Index (HDI) associated with a low economic level encourages the government to develop tourism in Purbalingga. The compilation of the particular regulation on Owabong becomes the basis for planning leading tourism development and its implementation compiled by the authorities (87.72%). Based on the regional regulation, the local government, through the regional company of Owabong, succeeds in developing Owabong as a leading tourist attraction and has a positive impact on the local government itself as well as the surrounding communities. Throughout 2016, the regional company of Owabong has contributed to the original regional income of Purbalingga up to 6.684.178.335 IDR. The existence of Owabong has guaranteed business opportunities to the surrounding communities (85%) and increased their income (90%), the level of community support for the existence of Owabong is 100%, the leaders have succeeded in establishing the cooperation of top and bottom line (82.46%). The main factors of being successful are the existence of special regional regulation on leading tourist attractions managed by regional companies, apparatus compliance in carrying out the development as planned, the support from the communities around the tourism object, and leadership. So, the policy of developing tourism through regional regulation before a leading tourist attraction has successfully achieved the goals. In conclusion, the government has succeeded in using social capital as well as the power to reach the goals.

Indonesian migrant workers in Hong Kong: Smartphone culture and activism Irfan Wahyudi; Panizza Allmark
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 2 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This article focuses on contemporary smartphone culture and activism performed by female Indonesian migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong. There are around 330.000 migrant workers in Hong Kong, and wherein 150.000 originated from Indonesia. Most of the Indonesian migrant workers in Hong Kong work in the domestic sectors: housemaid, babysitter, and career. They are obliged to live with their employer and start working from five mornings until late at night for six days a week. The smartphone is their primary medium in keeping a connection with friends and families back home and reduces social isolation. Interestingly, Indonesian migrant workers also use smartphones for activism to support migrant workers’ rights issues. Despite the isolation issues and the social limitations experienced by the Indonesian migrant workers’, this article aims to explore the following questions: how is smartphone culture developed in Indonesian migrant workers’ communication activities in Hong Kong? How is the smartphone, in particular, used as the medium for activism? Using the netnography method, this research explores the smartphone culture and activism performed by Indonesian migrant workers’ in their online routine. Smartphone usage has become an interesting phenomenon where this device has changed the cultural habits and further forms a new cultural pattern. Social media platforms and chat applications on smartphones have facilitated Indonesian migrant workers’ more comprehensive access to information. It is found that social media access is essential for Indonesian migrant workers to ease loneliness and further used as their medium of existence in the virtual world. Furthermore, they also create virtual identities through social media, share experiences and views through online platforms, and organize protests or other forms of activism. Sulistyaningsih’s case is a clear example of how communication access was crucial for Indonesian migrant workers at a time of danger. The diverse forms of communication technology have allowed them to create compelling messages. This activity provides evidence that Indonesian migrant workers still can be creative despite their long working hours.

The identity of Jerieng community in negotiating culture Herdiyanti Herdiyanti; Panggio Restu Wilujeng; Putra Pratama Saputra
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 2 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Malay identity is the most dominant cultural identity in Bangka Belitung that still holds their strength of local wisdom even though modernization, afforded by tin mining and palm oil exploration, is emerging around them. One of the original Malay people in Bangka Belitung is the Jerieng community. This study is aimed to identify negotiations on the boundaries of the cultural identity of the Jerieng community in West Bangka Regency. This study used the theory of identity building from Manuel Castells and subculture theory. This study also employs a descriptive qualitative approach intended to describe the common symptoms associated with the distribution of Malay culture in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province, especially the Jerieng community. In this study, ten informants were interviewed, consisting of the six elders and four from the younger generation. The locations of this research were Ibul Village, Pelangas Village, and Kundi Village, West Bangka Regency, which was the Jerieng community area. The study results showed that the Jerieng community had a way of maintaining the cultural identity by maintaining the values and norms of their ancestral heritage and harmony between people, the environment, and the natural environment. Meeting with culture outside made the Jerieng community negotiate their identity to form the construction of surviving, changing, identity, and negotiating cultural identity. The Jerieng community’s identity was still maintained, including a pilgrimage to sacred tombs, mountain alms, circumcision, and language dialects, while the Jerieng community identity has changed, including village charity, traditional clothing, prayer during the Prophet’s birthday, and rituals of spells. Furthermore, the identity of the Jerieng community, including custom clothing and jewelry, language dialects, and the marriage system, is applied through the negotiation process by continuing to carry out some traditions or cultures considered still relevant to people’s lives at this time.

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