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Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik

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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20867050 EISSN : 25286013 DOI : 10.20473/mkp.V34I22021.119-132

Core Subject : Humanities, Art,

Arts Humanities

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Articles 404 Documents

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The discourse of NKRI (The Unitary State Republic of Indonesia) and caliphate in the Indonesian context Siti Kholifah
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 3 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This study’s primary focus is to examine the discourse of the NKRI (Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia) and that of the caliphate that has been developing on social media. It involves essential issues because Indonesia’s state and religion have had a dynamic relationship since the New Order era. The debatable issue related to the state and religion shows that religion is a crucial subject used to maintain the state. As a state, Indonesia emphasizes multicultural values; however, some people or organizations have an intolerance of Indonesia’s plurality promoted on social media. Using Foucault’s theory on discourse, power, and knowledge, this study was conducted by applying big data to Social Network Analysis (SNA) through the netlytic program. Big data is a new method developed to analyze the social phenomena that happen in the digital era. This study examines the assumption that the discourse of the NKRI is not a single discourse in the Indonesian context. It is in addition to the caliphate’s discourse, although the NKRI is still the dominant discourse. The debatable issue within the discourse of the NKRI and the caliphate is related to dynamic religious organizations that are not based on cultural values. They tend to be either puritan (seeking to purify the doctrine) or radical. This situation is also related to the political context where the caliphate’s discourse is developing related to Jakarta’s local election. There is also the issue of the religious defamation conducted by Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok). This situation explains the increase in Islamic political roles that are not affected by the sociological context. The roles are more impacted by political elites who are using religion as a political vehicle.

Social solidarity movement to prevent the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia Munadhil Abdul Muqsith; Rizky Ridho Pratomo; Ana Kuswanti; Valerii Leonidovich Muzykant
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 34 No. 2 (2021): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many sectors, especially the health and economic aspects. On the bright side, the potential for social solidarity in the community has been increased. New media technology becomes an oasis in the midst of anxiety when people are forced to distance themselves or carrying out social distancing. Net citizens are using new media technology to raise solidarity and appeal to prevent the spread of COVID-19 from various campaigns on social media. This research aimed to study social movements to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and employed a qualitative approach using content analysis. The results showed that the pandemic triggered the public to take advantage of various social media platforms by creating content about public education and campaigning to raise funds or crowdfunding. It is as if a blessing in disguise when this disaster resulted in the value of collaborative work or gotong-royong that comes from Pancasila, which characterizes the nation’s values so that people are motivated to remind each other to maintain health and also help others to ease the burden of those affected. The analysis of the study by the researchers revealed that public figures dominated this solidarity movement.

Examining factors affecting the failure of Khofifah Indar Parawansa in East Java gubernatorial elections Wahidah Zein Br Siregar
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 34 No. 1 (2021): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Statistics consistently show that women in executive political leadership positions are much lower than men at a global level. Institutional, socio-economic, and socio-cultural factors influence this condition. Some studies also identified that media considered as an essential factor for women’s involvement in politics. This paper examines factors contributing to the failure of Khofifah Indar Parawansa in East Java gubernatorial elections and whether or not gender is a matter in affecting the failure. This research analyzed kompas.com on how media reports the process of exploring this issue, how it frames the factors and the result of the 2008 and 2013. Seventy-nine news reports from online newspapers, 27 from the 2008 election and 52 from the 2013 election, were analyzed. Researchers traced these articles using thematic textual analysis to identify factors inhibiting Khofifah’s participation in the elections. The media reported that political, socio-economic, and socio-cultural aspects inhibited her success in the elections. Interestingly, the media emphasizes the political aspect as the most significant factor in her failures. It implies that the media provides balanced and fair information on female candidates.

The effects of global migration of male children on left-behind parents’ family and social life: The case of Pakistan Asia Ashfaq
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 4 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

As a human phenomenon, international migration has been affecting societies politically, economically, and socially for a more extended period. The present study tried to investigate the trends of international migration and their effects on the social life of the elderly parents left behind by their children, who at this age need love, care, support, and time from their children. The study adopted a quantitative research design by surveying three cities: Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir, chosen based on many international migration trends in these regions. A sample of 94 respondents drawn using a snowball sampling technique. The results were gathered through a questionnaire and analyzed statistically. The results show that most parents reported that their social contacts have changed in their children's presence as they get busy with their children. The study finds international migration as affecting the social life (Activities of Daily Life or ADL) of elderly parents. Moreover, many respondents stated that their relatives’ attitude was amiable, caring, and respectable in their children's absence. Lastly, a more significant number of respondents agreed that their food and sleep habit changed to tremendous and some extent in their kids’ presence. This research concludes that parents need support from their kids and assume themselves as dependents in their aging stage.

The role of social media in promoting political participation: The Lebanon experience Muhammad Saud; Dima Bassam el Hariri; Asia Ashfaq
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 33 No. 3 (2020): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Social media, as part of the political experience, is an emerging trend in the sociology of youths and politics. The present study aimed to investigate the dynamic role of social media in the context of promoting political participation in Lebanese society. A quantitative survey method was used to collect the data from the field, and a total number of 260 questionnaires were filled in throughout the study. The study suggests that people are openly sharing their political opinions on social media platforms and that their expression rate in terms of sharing and learning political knowledge is increasing. The majority of respondents are using Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram for political purposes. The creation of social media has brought about an innovative advancement when it comes to individuals participating freely for political reasoning. Additionally, with exciting features and the freedom to share videos, pictures, and status updates, social media applications increasingly allow them to participate in political discussions. Where social media is providing opportunities for the public to participate in politics, electronic media is also facilitating a generation in terms of them gaining political knowledge from political talk shows. Social media’s appropriateness for spreading something broad has triggered a contagious phenomenon that allows every notice polled to be accessed by everyone. It is possible to conclude that social media is suitable for use as an online political platform, and it provides an opportunity for the respondents to participate in the political sector of their country.

Electoral volatility of the 2019 presidential election: A study in Jakarta and Depok, Indonesia Aryo Wasisto
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 34 No. 3 (2021): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

In democratic countries around the world, electoral volatility is a challenge for political actors. Because one vote is significant, political parties and candidates are increasingly difficult to predict the preferences of citizens. This study aimed to analyze motivational factors that make voters change their choice of votes. This study employed a quantitative method and proposed three variables, including political sophistication, candidate evaluation, and exposure to media campaigns. The results of the logistic regression show that voters who positively evaluate candidates become loyal voters (p-value £ 0.001). Meanwhile, voters who consume political information from social media and the internet intensively, as well as those who are interested in politics are non-volatile voters (p-value £ 0.001 and p-value £ 0.01, respectively). These findings contrast with studies in parliamentary countries where interest in politics motivates voters to change their votes. In these analyzes, this study focuses on examining the inter-election volatility of 2014-2019 in the context of the presidential election in Indonesia. The data were obtained from a post-2019 election survey (non-probability sampling), for respondents in South Jakarta, East Jakarta, and Depok City, who had elected the president in the 2014 and 2019 elections.

Socio-cultural aspects of non-communicable disease prevention in three villages in the West Java Erna Herawati; Yulia Sofiatin
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 34 No. 3 (2021): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Community responses to disease, including non-communicable diseases, are influenced by the socio-cultural system. The system shapes community knowledge and belief on diseases, as well as community attitude and practice towards prevention and treatment. Drawing on the case in West Java Province, this study aims at identifying socio-cultural aspects in preventing non-communicable diseases. This study was conducted by using a qualitative design. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and archival study. This study found four socio-cultural aspects related to disease and the prevention and treatment of disease in West Java: 1) knowledge and practice of medicine covered in a local knowledge system about the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases, 2) local institutions, involving social institutions ranging from families, mosque neighborhood groups, and recitation groups, 3) social actors involved, such as ustaz, traditional leaders, and youth groups, 4) local health communication, using visual and audiovisual aids. This study concludes that these four aspects must be considered in designing a socio-cultural-based non-communicable disease prevention strategy, to be effective and in accordance with the socio-cultural context in West Java.

Village cadre behavior in the household-based management of inorganic waste Agnes Fitria Widiyanto; Arif Kurniawan; Elviera Gamelia
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 34 No. 3 (2021): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Waste is still a problem in Indonesia. The increase in population causes the volume of waste to continue to grow, in Karangmangu Village, Banyumas Regency. Data on the increase in the volume of waste in Banyumas Regency reached 21.4%. The volume of inorganic waste is greater than organic waste because Karangmangu Village is a tourism buffer area in Baturraden. This study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of cadres in the management of inorganic waste. The method used was descriptive qualitative. The research subjects were obtained using a purposive technique by conducting interviews with cadres as the main research subjects, midwives, and supporting informants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and documentation. The results showed that the cadres had understood the definition, types, management, and negative impacts of inorganic waste. Based on their attitudes, the cadres consider the case of handling inorganic waste to be not optimal. In practice, they have sorted inorganic waste, managed a waste bank, made bricks, and produced handicrafts. Strategies to overcome obstacles in waste management are optimizing the facilities and infrastructure for the procurement of waste banks, as well as training more people to make handicrafts and market handicraft products. This study concludes that the presence of village cadres is able to increase public awareness in waste management.

The opportunity structure, group characteristics, and strategy of ketok magic repair shops in Manado Antonius Purwanto
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 34 No. 3 (2021): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The increase in internal migration has led to the emergence of ethnic minority migrant groups who work as entrepreneurs in various migration destinations in Indonesia. The migration that occurred in Manado shows that ethnic groups from certain regions form a unique group in the social network of repair shop owners and workers. This study aimed to describe the emergence and development of a ketok magic repair shop business in Manado which is owned by migrants from Blitar City, East Java. This study used a qualitative research method. Primary data were obtained from interviews and observations, while secondary data were obtained from literature studies. The results show that the opportunity structure in the form of requests for car repair and painting services as well as the ease of setting up a repair shop business has enabled the establishment of a number of ketok magic repair shops in Manado. Ethnic characteristics in the form of communities with high solidarity and strong social networks support repair shop activities well. This study concludes that community and social networks facilitate recruitment of workers and carry out repair shop promotion strategies because of high solidarity.

COVID-19: Nationalism and global solidarities Fadhila Inas Pratiwi; Ahalla Tsauro
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 34 No. 3 (2021): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

As the COVID-19 crisis emerged, many forms of nationalism have been rising, such as racism, state individualism, vaccine nationalism, and so forth. However, this kind of nationalism cannot solve the global pandemic that affects various aspects of human life that needs global solidarity in the framework of thinking. The purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between COVID-19, nationalism, and global solidarity. This article used the literature review method to compare and contrast the COVID-19, Nationalism, and Global Solidarity arguments by using reputable resources such as journals, research reports, and news articles. This article was divided into three sections: 1) the explanation about nationalism, its definition, and theoretical approach, 2) state and nationalism in crisis time, 3) cooperation and global solidarity. It concluded that the COVID-19 period showed us people tend to have greater individuality and higher attachment to their groups and state, as Social Identity Theory (SIT) suggests. It manifested in state nationalist view that state as the sole player in mitigating this pandemic shows selfish attitude. However, as the COVID-19 served as a global pandemic, it also needs global solidarity which has been proven in solving the spread of coronavirus and tackle its impact.

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