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INDONESIA
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Published by The Prodia Education and Research Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 621 Documents
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Comparison of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 Concentration in Preeclampsia and Normal Pregnancy Women Yusrawati Yusrawati; Dyka Aidina; Eti Yerizel
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 9, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v9i1.310

Abstract

BACKGROUND: According to the theory of endothelial dysfunction, the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is associated with the imbalance of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) has also proposed as a proangiogenic factor that influences preeclampsia. This study was conducted to compare a mean difference of TGF-β1 between preeclampsia and normal pregnancy.METHODS: This study was an observational crosssectional study with 25 subjects of pregnant women with preeclampsia and 25 subjects of normotensive pregnant women. The study was conducted in Dr. Reksodiwiryo Hospital, Bhayangkara Hospital, and Dr. Rasidin Hospital in Padang, Indonesia from October 2015 to January 2016. For the determination of TGF-β1 concentration, peripheral Abstract venous blood samples were taken. The blood samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University. The mean difference was statically analyzed by independent samples T-test.RESULTS: The mean difference of TGF-β1 was lower in preeclampsia group than normal pregnancy group (2.02±0.99 ng/mL vs. 3.24±2.67 ng/mL; p<0.05).CONCLUSION: The TGF-β1 concentration was lower in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Thus, it may have a role as a marker in preeclampsia.KEYWORDS: preeclampsia, normal pregnancy, transforming growth factor-beta1, TGF-β1
The High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Hypothesis Revisited Anna Meiliana; Nurrani Mustika Dewi; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v10i2.465

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The strong inverse association of plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) with coronary heart disease (CHD) found in human epidemiological studies led to the development of the ‘HDL-C hypothesis’, which posits that intervention to raise HDL-C will result in reduced risk of CHD. However, recent evidence has raised doubts about the hypotheses that elevating HDL-C is necessarily therapeutic. Genetic variations that associate with altered HDL-C do not strongly associate with altered cardiovascular disease risk.CONTENT: HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells or measurements of the flux of cholesterol from macrophages to the liver and feces seem to correlate better with atherosclerotic burden than with HDL-C levels. Thus, it may be time to modify the HDL-C hypothesis to the ‘HDL flux hypothesis’, where intervention to promote cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport will reduce CHD risk, regardless of whether it affects plasma HDL-C levels. A deeper understanding of the complex biology of HDL metabolism and its relationship to reverse cholesterol transport and atherothrombotic events is urgently needed. This might lead to biomarkers of HDL flux and functionality that are more informative than simple measurements of HDL-C levels.SUMMARY: It is now clear from recent clinical trial and genetic studies that some approaches to raising HDL-C levels may have no effect on CHD. This suggests the need to evaluate HDL-C-raising therapies in different clinical populations, as well as therapies targeted toward HDL flux and function rather than simply HDL-C elevation. Perhaps moving from a focus on the HDL-C hypothesis to a focus on the HDL flux hypothesis will permit a biologically based reassessment of the optimal therapeutic approach to targeting HDL for reduction in cardiovascular risk.KEYWORDS: reverse cholesterol transport, cholesterol efflux capacity, HDL dysfunction, HDL particle size, HDL lipidomics, HDL proteomics
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Isolated from Outbreaks in Indonesia 2010-2015 Kambang Sariadji; Sunarno Sunarno; Nelly Puspandari; Masri Sembiring
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 10, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v10i1.331

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diptheria cases are treated with both anti-diphtheria serum (ADS) and antibiotics. Penicillin and erythromycin are the primary choices for any Corynebacterium diphtheriae (C. diphtheriae) infection. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of C. diphtheriae has not been reported in Indonesia since 1982. The improper use of antibiotics, as well as, the consumption of antibiotics without prescription, will increase the resistance of C. diphtheriae. This study aims to determine the susceptibility pattern and the effectiveness of C. diphtheriae to several antibiotics.METHODS: A total of 57 C. diphtheriae isolates were recultured by using Blood Agar (BA) and Cystine Tellurite Blood Agar (CTBA). Afterward, these isolates were identified by using API Coryne. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by using Kirby Bauer Method based on CLSI M45-A2.RESULTS: These studies revealed that as the primary choice of diphtheria cases, 10.5% of C. diphtheriae isolates were resistant to Penicillin and 5.3% were resistant to erythromycin. Seven isolates (12%) showed resistance to more than one antibiotics, such as tetracycline and clindamycin, vancomycin and clindamycin, penicillin and tetracycline, also penicillin and vancomycin. Moreover, 4 isolates (7%) were resistant to 3-5 antibiotics. All isolates were susceptible to moxifloxacin and linezolid.CONCLUSION: Some C. diphtheriae isolates were resistant to penicillin and erythromycin, which are known as the primary choice for the treatment of C. diphtheriae infection. Even though, all isolates susceptible to moxifloxacin and linezolid.KEYWORDS: Corynebacterium diphtheriae, resistance, antimicrobial
The Number and Potency of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Siska Darmayanti; Rini Hendriani; Cynthia Retna Sartika
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v11i2.576

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease, due to the disorder of insulin function, insulin secretion, or both. Long-term hyperglycemia conditions promote endothelial dysfunction precedes to the development of multiple organ dysfunctions. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) are the key cellular effectors of postnatal neovascularization and play central role in endothelial dysfunction. However, in T2DM condition, the number of apoptotic HSCs increase, it may cause the reduction in potency and number of EPCs. In diabetes, the circulating EPCs number decrease and their functionality is impaired,  but mechanism underlie of this impairement is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship duration diabetes with  the number and potency of EPC cells in T2DM patients controlled and poorly controlled.METHODS: Thirty-eight T2DM male patients were classified into two group based on Indonesian Society of Endocrinology/Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia (PERKENI) criteria   on T2DM.  The   first   group   was a controlled glycemic condition group (hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) <7.0%) and the second group was a poorly controlled glycemic condition group (HbA1C >7.0%). Cluster of differentiation (CD)34+ and CD133+ expressions were used as specific marker for EPC, while quantified bright aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDHbr) assay was used to represented the potency of EPCs.RESULTS: This study showed that in poorly controlled T2DM group the number of EPCs was lower by 24.80% (p<0.05) compared to the T2DM controlled group. Similarly, the expression of ALDHbr was lower by 43.07% (p<0.05) in poorly controlled group.CONCLUSION: There was a decrease in the number and potency of EPCs in poorly controlled T2DM patients compared to the controlled T2DM patients. There was also a strong negative correlation between the duration of diabetes and number of EPCs.KEYWORDS: ALDHbr, endothelial progenitor cells, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Possible Renal Repairing Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cyclosporine-Mediated Nephrotoxicity: Endothelial Viability and Hemodynamics Elshahat Abo-Mosalam Toson; Hanaa Hamdy Ahmed; Hatem Abdel Moneim El-mezayen; Laila Ahmed Rashed; Eslam Samy Elsherbiny
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v11i2.617

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Stem cell-based therapy may represent the first realistic option for tissue repairing and regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are proved to be involved in the regeneration of many tissues which are subjected to different types of injury. Cyclosporine (CsA) in spite of its use as immune suppressive drug during kidney transplantation, it was considered as important model of nephropathy specially, during long-term administration.METHODS: Isolation and preparation of MSCs using Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), in vitro differentiation through adipogenesis chondrogenesis and osteogenesis was confirmed by using Alizarin Red S stain, Oil Red O stain and Alcian Blue stain, respectively, characterization using flow cytometry technique to detect cluster of differentiation (CD)34, CD44 and CD105 surface markers and homing of MSCs using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Sry gene assay, were executed. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits based on the principle of double-antibody sandwich technique. The structural organization of kidney tissue was examined using histological procedures.RESULTS: Single intravenous dose of MSCs is capable to boost kidney repairment process as indicated by the significant decrease in serum ET-1 level paralleled by significant increase in VEGF and eNOS. Moreover, histological findings revealed the improvement of focal hemorrhage in between the degenerated tubules, congestion in the cortical blood vessels, vacuolization in the endothelial cells lining the glomerular tufts and focal perivascular inflammatory cells aggregation.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the favorable influence of MSCs in repressing cyclosporine-induced nephropathy in rats. This could be achieved through angiogenic and anti-arteriolopathic mechanisms.KEYWORDS: angiogenesis, cyclosporine, endothelin-1, MSCs, nephropathy
hsa-miR-376c-3p in The Circulating Plasma is Upregulated in The Elderly Javanese Male When Compared to Their Younger Counterparts Ana Lucia Ekowati; Zacharias Aloysius Dwi Pramono; Daniel Ardian Soeselo; Arief Budiyanto; Indwiani Astuti; Sofia Mubarika
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v11i3.827

Abstract

BACKGROUND: MicroRNA (miRNA), short noncoding RNA, plays role in various physiological process such as aging through epigenetic regulation of gene expression. miRNA present intracellular as well as extracellular in body fluids. miRNA that present in blood circulatory system is often referred as circulatory miRNA (c-miRNA). A number of studies trying to identify c-miRNAs as biomarker for ageing have been reported, but majority did not yield results that corroborate one with another. This study reports the identification of a differentially expressed c-miRNAs between elderly and youth groups of individuals, the first step in tracking specific miRNAs that play role in physiologic ageing.METHODS: The miRNA expression profiles of grandfathers and grandsons from 2 Javanese families were compared to select 5 miRNA candidates with widest expression difference. The 5 candidates were subjected to validation using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in 11 elderly men and 9 young men of the same ethnicity to identify differentially expressed miRNA between elder and younger male groups in the represented population.RESULTS: Amongst 5 selected c-miRNA candidates, the hsa-miR-376c-3p was validated to be upregulated in the elderly group when compared to the young individuals. Bioinformatic analysis using miRTarBase 7.0, miRTargetLink Human and GeneCards® Human Gene Database suggest the involvement of hsa-miR-376c-3p in pathways relevant with cellular ageing.CONCLUSION: This study showed that hsa-miR-376c-3p in the circulating plasma to be significantly upregulated in a group of elderly Javanese males compared to their younger counterparts. The results of this study warrant further study to elucidate the specific role of hsa-miR-376c-3p in physiologic ageing mechanism.KEYWORDS: circulating, microRNA, miR-376c-3p, elderly, Javanese, male
Tocotrienol Rich Fraction from Palm Oil Reduces Plasma and Erythrocyte Membrane Lipid Alteration in Diabetic Rats: Tocotrienols Reduce Dyslipidemia in Plasma and Erythrocytes Nasar Alwahaibi; Siti Balkis Budin; Zariyantey Abdul Hamid; Jamaludin Mohamed; Jalifah Latip; Norzamzurina Binti Ismail; Alefee Bin Ayatillah; Fatmah Ali Matough
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v11i3.691

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) from palm oil has been shown to exhibit potent antioxidative properties in various pathological conditions. This study aimed to determine the antioxidative properties of TRF on the plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipids composition in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) were divided randomly into four groups of 10, which were a normal group, a normal group with TRF, a diabetic group, and a diabetic group with TRF. Following four weeks of treatment, lipids compositions in the plasma and erythrocyte membrane were investigated.RESULTS: TRF significantly reduced the plasma total cholesterol, to that in the diabetic group. In addition, supplementation of TRF was able to reduce the very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), triglycerides levels in treated diabetic rat although no significant different was observed when compared with untreated diabetic rats alone. Furthermore, TRF supplementation showed increased the levels of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and total phospholipid levels in diabetic rats. However, the linoleic acid (18:2) levels were reduced in diabetic rats compared to the control group, and the eicosadienoic acid (20:2) levels were significantly increased by TRF supplementation in diabetic rats.CONCLUSION: Supplementation with 200 mg/kg TRF improves dyslipidemia and that TRF, therefore, might have protective effects against oxidative damage of phospholipids. This study also showed the antioxidative properties of TRF on the erythrocyte membrane lipids composition, in particular, its protective effects against peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids.KEYWORDS: antioxidative property, cholesterol, fatty acids, phospholipids, tocotrienol-rich fraction
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Leaves Extract as a Nutraceutical with Hypoglycemic Activity in Diabetic Rats Keri Lestari; Abdurahman Ridho; Nuning Nurcayani; Zelika Mega Ramadhania; Melisa Intan Barliana
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v11i2.686

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is growing every year, including in Indonesia. Medicinal herbs were used empirically for lowering blood glucose. One of potential herb to have hypoglycemic activity is Stevia. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves contain stevoside, a natural, low-calorie sweetener that is 300 times sweeter than saccharose. In this study, we aimed to explore the hypoglycemic activity of S. rebaudiana Bertoni leaves extract in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Male Wistar rats were feed high-fat, high-carbohydrate feed and sugar solution for 74 days to induce a diabetic rat model. The animals were then divided into five groups consisting of a negative control group treated with 2% Pulvis Gom Arabicum; a positive control group treated with Metformin 45 mg/kg body weight (BW); and three test groups treated with aqueous extract of S. rebaudiana Bertoni leaves at doses of 3.125, 6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg BW for 36 days. Blood glucose was measured on days 14, 28 and 36.RESULTS: The results showed that blood glucose levels over 36 days were significantly (p=0.043) lower in the group treated with S. rebaudiana Bertoni leaves extract. Further Newman-Keuls analysis suggested that the hypoglycemic activity of S. rebaudiana Bertoni leaves extract was dose-dependent. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that S. rebaudiana Bertoni leaves extract has a potential role as a hypoglycemic agent in the treatment of T2DM.KEYWORDS: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, nutraceuticals, hypoglycemic, diabetic rats
Correlation between Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A-I Ratio with Atherogenic Index of Plasma among Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Winardi Emmanuel Setiawan; Anggoro Budi Hartopo; Royhan Rozqie
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v10i2.400

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most common cause of death in the world. One preventive attempt to reduce AMI is early detection of blood lipid profile. A simple method of lipid profile assessment is the measurement of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), meanwhile more accurate method of lipid profile assessment is the measurement of apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotien A-I (ApoB/ApoAI) ratio. However, whether both measurements are interchangeable is need to be investigated. This study aims to investigate the correlation between AIP value and ApoB/ApoAI ratio in patients with AMI.METHODS: The study design was cross-sectional study. The blood samples of consecutively enrolled AMI patients had been selected after inclusion and exclusion criteria. The blood samples were taken within 24 hours of patient admission to the hospital. The blood concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG) were measured using turbidimetric method. The AIP was calculated as logarithmic of TG/HDL ratio (log10.[TG:HDL]) The concentration of ApoB and ApoAI were measured using immunoturbidimetric method. The correlation between these measurements was analyzed with Pearson correlation test.RESULTS: The blood samples of 76 subjects were collected and analyzed. The subjects were dominated by male (n=67, 88%) and those whose age ≥55 years old (n=54, 71%). The mean ApoB value was 88.66 mg/dL and ApoAI was 97.39 mg/dL. The AIP value was 0.05. The Pearson correlation test between AIP and ApoB/ApoAI ratio showed a significant positive correlation with the strength of correlation was moderate (r=0.51, p-value<0.01).CONCLUSION: There was a significantly positive and moderate correlation between AIP value and ApoB/ApoAI ratio in acute myocardial infarction patients.KEYWORDS: atherogenic index of plasma, acute myocardial infarction, apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio
The Association of Parametrial Invasion with the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C and Other Factors in Squamous Cell Cervical Carcinoma Stage IB and IIA Lilis Lilis; Nurjati Chairani Siregar; Andrijono Andrijono
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v11i3.838

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The presence of parametrial invasion in early stage squamous cell cervical cancer (SCCC) indeed indicates worse prognosis and need more adjuvant treatment. This study aimed to investigate the association between parametrial invasion and clinicohystopathology variables.METHODS: This retrospective study used specimens of squamous cell carcinoma stage IB-IIA. The inclusion criteria were cervical cancer stage IB-IIA and post radical hysterectomy with lymph node dissection and exclusion criteria was damaged and or insufficient histological preparations. The clinicohystopathology variables included age, tumour size and stage, differentiation and inflammation grade, lymphatic vascular and parametrial invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Histopathology staining, immunohistochemistry examination, and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) expression were evaluated according to the standard procedure. The independent-T, Chi square, and Fisher’s exact test were applied to evaluate the association. The significance was set at p<0.05.RESULTS: Seventy-five cases were eligible. Parametrial invasion was found in 15 cases (20%). Three variables demonstrated a significant association with parametrial invasion, tumor size >4 cm (OR 4.32, 95% CI 1.29-14.38, p=0.01), lymphatic node metastasis (OR 3.90, 95% CI 1.17-13.03, p=0.02), and VEGF-C (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65- 0.87, p=0.03).CONCLUSION: Tumor size of >4 cm and lymph node metastasis (LNM) had a higher risk of parametrial invasion in SCCC stage IB-IIA.KEYWORDS: cervical carcinoma, parametrial invasion, vascular invasion, peritumoral stroma, VEGF-C expression

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