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INDONESIA
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Published by The Prodia Education and Research Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 621 Documents
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Combination of Aerobic Exercise and Continuous Environmental Enrichment Improves Adult Male Rats’ Spatial Memory: Study on Hippocampal Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF-2) Expression Sophie Yolanda; Sri Redjeki; Trinovita Andraini; Dewi Irawati Soeria Santoso; Nurhadi Ibrahim; Rena Mailani
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v11i2.731

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Memory declines with the progression of age through the neurodegeneration process. Aerobic exercise and environmental enrichment can delay neurodegeneration by improving neuroplasticity via expression of insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and other proteins. Combination treatment of aerobic exercise and continuous environmental enrichment and their effect on the expression of IGF-1 and FGF-2 which were expected to improve memory function has not been studied previously. Thus, this study aimed to observe it.METHODS: This is an experimental research using 24 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus, 300-400 g, age 7-8 months) divided randomly into 4 groups: control (C), aerobic exercise (A), continuous (EE), and combination of aerobic exercise and continuous environmental enrichment (A-EE). At the end of an 8-week treatment, rats were sacrificed, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) examination was performed to assess hippocampal IGF-1 and FGF-2 levels.RESULTS: In the 8th week, A-EE group showed the best improvement in rats’ spatial memory (47.84±10.6 %) followed by EE group (45.03±4.1 %), A group (38.61±3.8 %), and C group (22.76±7.12 %). However, A-EE group’s hippocampal IGF-1 (16.21±7.56 ng/mg protein) and FGF-2 (1.29±0.57 ng/mg protein) expression were not higher than other groups.CONCLUSION: Improvement in memory function in the combination group is a result of induction of various growth factors’ expression in the hippocampus, including IGF-1 and FGF-2, but the primary pathway of memory function improvement may be from other growth factors.KEYWORDS: spatial memory, aerobic exercise, environmental enrichment, hippocampus, IGF-1, FGF-2
The Effect of Tomato Juice in Increasing Ki-67 Expression and Epithelial Thickness on The Vaginal Wall of Menopausal Rats Juminten Saimin; Hendy Hendarto; Soetjipto Soetjipto
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v11i2.517

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Dyspareunia and pain due to the decrease of vaginal wall thickness usually happen in menopausal women. The reduction of estrogen levels cause the decreasing of cell proliferation and the thinning of vaginal wall epithelium. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a source of phytoestrogens, which produce estrogenic effects. This study aims to assess the effect of tomato juice on Ki-67 expression and epithelial thickness of the vaginal wall in menopausal rats.METHODS: This was an experimental study using Sprague-Dawley rats. Twenty-four female rats, aged 4 months and weighing 150-200 grams, were divided into 4 groups. Each group consisted of 6 rats. Negative control (NC) group was group of rats with sham procedure and performed by distilled water for 28 days. Positive control (PC) group was group of bilateral ovariectomized rats and performed by distilled water for 28 days. The first treatment (T1) group was group of bilateral ovariectomized rats, given tomato juice at dose of 11g/200g body weight (BW)/day. The second treatment (T2) group was group of bilateral ovariectomized rats, given tomato juice at dose of 15g/200g BW/day. Data analysis was done with Anova, multiple comparisons and regression test.RESULTS: The group with lowest Ki-67 expression was PC group (2.52±0.60). The expression of Ki-67 in treatment groups (T1 and T2) was higher than PC group, but lower than NC group. There was no significant difference between groups (p=0.771). The lowest epithelial thickness was found in PC group (21.19±3.96) and the highest was found in the treatment groups (38.73±12.43). There was positive correlation between tomato juice and epithelial thickness (p=0.647).CONCLUSION: Tomato juice increases Ki-67 expression and epithelial thickness on the vaginal wall of menopausal rats. The increase of epithelial thickness follows the administration dose, but Ki-67 expression does not exceed in the control rats. Tomato juice increases the cell proliferation of vaginal wall on menopausal rats, however the increase is still within normal limits.KEYWORDS: epithelial thickness, Ki-67, menopause, tomato juice
sodA and gap Genes as Markers for The Identification of Staphylococcus capitis Rininta Firdaus; Hege Hartz Jartun; Miriam Khider
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v11i3.891

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Rapid and accurate identification of Staphylococcus capitis is required to provide a better prognosis for endocarditis patients and tackle the emergence of multidrug resistant strains of the bacteria in hospitals. The current study was aimed to develop polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for specific identification of S. capitis using sodA and gap genes as markers.METHODS: Five sequences of sodA and sixteen sequences of gap registered in GeneBank were analysed using bioinformatic tools. PCR primers were designed based on the conserved and specific regions of sodA and gap. Four clinical isolates of S. capitis (named no. 56-59) and six reference strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) species including S. epidermidis ATCC 35984, S. epidermidis 48951I/09, S. lugdunensis 44987/09, S. sciuri 109645I/08, S. warneri 135612/09, S. hominis 114202/08 were used to validate the conventional PCR system.RESULTS: The current PCR system only amplified the DNA template of S. capitis. Current primers specifically targeted S. capitis as the agarose images only showed bands from S. capitis samples.CONCLUSION: The sodA and gap genes might serve as effective markers for identification of S. capitis using conventional PCR. The PCR assay in the current study was able to identify five clinical isolates of S. capitis accurately without mispriming, misamplification and misidentification. The PCR system was also able to discriminate other CoNS including S. epidermidis, S. lugdunensis, S. sciuri, S. warneri and S. hominis.KEYWORDS: Staphylococcus, S. capitis, sodA, gap, PCR
Correlation of Moderate-Intensity Physical Exercise on Irisin, Oxidized-LDL and HDL Level in ≥50 Years Old Obese Men Made Putra Semadhi; Melisa Intan Barliana; Dewi Muliaty; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v11i3.619

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Irisin is secreted by our muscle during physical exercise, which has been recently studied to be linked with lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of irisin that interact with the oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels that are affected by moderate intensity exercise in obese men aged ≥50 years.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with 70 obese men whose age ≥50 years old as participants. Participants were classified into two groups of men with and without physical exercised, based on American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). Irisin and ox-LDL plasma levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), meanwhile the HDL-C serum level was analyzed using homogenous enzymatic methods.RESULTS: The result showed an association between the duration of physical exercise per week and irisin level (R=0.584, p<0.01), also between the duration of physical excercise per week and ox-LDL level (R=-0.274, p<0.05). Meanwhile, there was a negative association between irisin levels and ox-LDL (R=-0.294, p<0.05). Irisin indicated to be correlated with HDL-C (R=0.215, p>0.05).CONCLUSION: Moderate-intensity physical exercise may decrease cardiovascular risk and improve the quality of life among obese subjects aged ≥50 years old, which was indicated by the decrease of ox-LDL and the increase of irisin level. In addition, it can be concluded that the higher the irisin level showed the lower levels of ox-LDL and higher level of HDL-C.KEYWORDS: obesity, elderly, irisin, ox-LDL, HDL-C, physical exercise
Glucose and Lipid Profiles in Adolescents with Thalassemia Major and Its Association with Iron Overload in Specific Organs Aryono Hendarto; Teny Tjitra Sari; Ludi Dhyani Rahmartani; Anggia Widyasari; Stephen Diah Iskandar
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v11i2.693

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Organ damage due to iron toxicity is one factor that increases the risk of getting cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in thalassemia patient. This study aims to determine glucose and lipid profiles in adolescents with thalassemia major and its association with iron overload in pancreas and liver.METHODS: This was a cross sectional study. Subjects were thalassemia major adolescents without any confounding factors that may affect glucose and lipid levels. Blood samples were collected to measure the glucose level, lipid profiles, ferritin level and transferrin saturation. T2-Magnetic Resonance Imaging was used to evaluate the iron overload in organs.RESULTS: From a total of 60 subjects, diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 1 subject and impaired fasting glucose was diagnosed in 3 subjects. All subjects had high triglycerides/ high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, 59 subjects (98%) had low HDL-C, 18 subjects (30%) had hypertriglyceridemia, and none had abnormal high level of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). The majority of subjects had ferritin ≥2,500 ng/mL (70%), mild pancreatic iron overload (56.6%), and moderate hepatic iron overload (43.8%). Degree of hyperferritinemia was not associated with glucose and lipid profiles. Blood glucose profiles were not associated with various degree of pancreatic iron overload. Similar result was also observed between lipid profiles and hepatic iron overload.CONCLUSION: Abnormal glucose and lipid profiles in thalassemia major can be found in adolescence. Normal blood glucose level isn’t necessarily associated with normal pancreatic iron deposition. Hepatic iron overload may worsen dyslipidemia in thalassemia major patients.KEYWORDS: glucose profile, lipid profile, pancreatic iron overload, hepatic iron overload, thalassemia major
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome: Cell-free Therapeutic Strategy in Regenerative Medicine Anna Meiliana; Nurrani Mustika Dewi; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v11i2.839

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) have a multipotent character, able to differentiate into several cell types, thus MSC serve as a cell reservoir for regenerative medicine. MSC therapeutic potency more associated to their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties rather than the multipotency, by its mechanism to secrete soluble factors with paracrine actions.CONTENT: MSC paracrine function was known to mediated partly by extracellular vesicles (EVs), which were released predominantly from the endosomal compartment contained in MSC secretome. EV contain a cargo bring micro RNA (miRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), and proteins from their cells of origin, propose EV as a novel alternative to whole cell therapies, regarding the benefit of EV in safety and easier storage compared to the parent cells.SUMMARY: The discovery of EVs including exosomes in MSC secretome as key of stem cells beneficial function lead to the future hope of using cell-free regenerative therapies.KEYWORDS: MSC, secretome, conditioned media, extracellular vesicle, exosome
Clinicopathological Characteristic and Prognostic Significance of Indonesian Triple Negative Breast Cancer Irianiwati Widodo; Ery Kus Dwianingsih; Teguh Aryandono; Soeripto Soeripto
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v11i3.831

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype with negative expressions of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR) and Her-2 protein receptors. This subtype exhibits aggressive behavior and poor prognosis since it is unresponsive to hormonal and Her-2 targeted therapy. The identification of clinicopathological characteristics and their prognostic values will provide guidance in developing effective treatment. This study was performed to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic significance in Indonesian TNBC.METHODS: Forty paraffin-embedded tissues of TNBC, stage I to IIIA, dating from 2008 to 2010 in Dr. Sardjito Hospital, were enrolled. Survival follow-up was done from January 2008 to June 2013. The samples were immunostained with ER, PR and Her-2 monoclonal antibodies to determine the TNBC subtypes. The clinicopathological characteristics were statistically analyzed. The survival was analyzed using the Kaplan Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis.RESULTS: Mean age of TNBC patients was 51.42±11.72 years old, whereas the mean of tumor size was 5.4±2.92 cm. Lymph node metastasis was found in 70% of cases. Number of locally advanced samples (IIIA) was 37.5%, while moderate to high grade samples were 95%. Number of still alive patients at the end of the study was 55%. Number of patients that still alive up to the end of the study was 45.50%. Lymph node was an independent prognostic factor for survival of TNBC patients as positive status of lymph node increases the death risk to 6 times higher (p=0.02, RR=6.6). However, after being adjusted with age and stage, lymph node status was suggested as a modifier effect for the survival of TNBCs patients (RR=0.19).CONCLUSION: Indonesian TNBC patients were mostly found already with large tumor size, lymph node metastasis, high pathological grade and relatively young age. Lymph node status serves as a modifier effect for the survival of Indonesian TNBC.KEYWORDS: NBC, clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic significance 
TNFR, TRAF2, NF-κB mRNA Levels of Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells Treated by Conditioned Medium of Umbilical Cord-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Novi Silvia Hardiany; Yohana Yohana; Septelia Inawati Wanandi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v11i2.722

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a human malignant brain tumor which is arise from glial cells. Our previous study proved that GBM cells proliferation increased after treating by conditioned medium of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (CM-UCSCs). Cells proliferation is probably mediated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α which could bind to membrane receptor and induce signaling pathway. Therefore, this research was intended to analyze the mRNA expression of TNF-α signaling pathway molecules on CM-treated GBM cells by measuring TNF receptor 1 and 2 (TNFR1 and TNFR2), TNFR associated factor 2 (TRAF2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) mRNA level, and TNFR2 protein level.METHODS: UCSCs and human glioblastoma T98G cells were cultured and harvested after 80% confluence. CM was prepared by growing UCSCs in serum alpha Minimum Essential Media (α-MEM) for 24 hours. Fifty percent concentration of CM-UCSCs was used to treat T98G cells for 24 hours. TNF-α level in CM-UCSC was detected using enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the expression of TNFR1, TNFR2, TRAF2 and NF-κB were detected using quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), and TNFR2 protein level was detected using sandwich ELISA.RESULTS: TNF-α level was detected in CM-UCSCs 4.4 pg/mL. Moreover, the expression of TNFR1, TNFR2, TRAF2 and NF-κB were significantly 1.4-fold, 4.9-fold, 5.6-fold, 1.8-fold respectively higher in T98G treated cells than control. TNFR2 protein level in T98G treated cells was 11.57 pg/mg protein higher than control.CONCLUSION: The expression of molecules involved in TNF-α signaling pathway were up regulated in T98G cells treated by CM-UCSCs.KEYWORDS: CM-UCSCs, TNFR1, TNFR2, TRAF2, NF-κB, T98G cells
Effect of Coal Dust Exposure on the SOD Activity and the Oxidative DNA Damage in Asthmatic Mice Windy Yuliana Budianto; Husnul Khotimah; Eko Suhartono
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 11, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v11i2.579

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Coal dust is known to trigger hypersensitivity and inflammation of the respiratory tract as it increases oxidative stress leading to asthma. To date, the relationship of coal dust exposure in the pathomechanism of asthma remains unclear. This study was aimed to examine the effect of coal dust exposure on the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the oxidative DNA damage indicated by increased serum 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in asthmatic mice.METHODS: Twenty-four female balb/c mice were divided into four groups. The first group was the control group. The second group was the negative control group which composed of mice exposed to coal dust particles. The third group was composed of ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. The fourth group was composed of OVA-sensitized mice and exposed to coal dust particles. The inflammatory process was identified by serum interleukin (IL)-13 concentration using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Meanwhile, the oxidative stress was examined by measuring the SOD activity using the Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) method, and the 8-OHdG concentration was quantified by ELISA method.RESULTS: There was an increasing IL-13 in OVAtreated coal dust exposed group along with the increment of 8-OHdG (statistically not significant). SOD activity measured in serum was decreased in all groups (p>0.05). Combination of OVA and coal dust showed the worst effect on IL-13, 8-OHdG and SOD activity.CONCLUSION: Coal dust exposure for four weeks does not adequately induce the oxidative DNA damage in asthmatic mice.KEYWORDS: asthma, coal dust, IL-13, SOD, 8-OHdG
In vitro Antioxidant and Anti-obesity Activities of Freeze-dried Canarium sp., Averrhoa bilimbi L. and Malus domestica Sri Utami; Susi Endrini; Said Nafik; Intan Meila Tria Lestari; Dea Anindya; Engkay Abu Bakar; Fahrul Rozy; Fathonah Fatimatuzahra Said; Ervi Afifah; Seila Arumwardana; Hayatun Nufus; Dwi Davidson Rihibiha; Hanna Sari Widya Kusuma; Satrio Haryo Benowo Wibowo; Wahyu Widowati
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 11, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v11i3.728

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The number of obesity cases is still increasing worldwide and has reached an epidemic scale. Plants are known to have a protection role in the development of obesity, however their antioxidant and anti-obesity activities have not widely known. This study was conducted to assess the in vitro antioxidant and anti-obesity activities of different types of freeze-dried fruits cultivated in Indonesia, especially Canarium sp., Averrhoa bilimbi L. and Malus domestica.METHODS: Total phenolic content of freeze-dried fruits was identified by Folin-Ciocalteu method, while the total flavonoid content was measured by aluminium chloride colorimetric assay. To assessed the antioxidant activity, 2,2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity assay and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) reducing activity assay were performed. The α-amylase and lipase inhibitory activity assay were performed to assess the anti-obesity activity. For comparison, hydroxycitric acid (HCA) compound was also assessed with DPPH, ABTS, α-amylase and lipase assays.RESULTS: A. bilimbi had the highest total phenol content (6.35 µg GAE/mg), meanwhile M. domestica had the highest total flavonoid content (2.06 µg QE/mg). A. bilimbi also showed the highest antioxidant activity both in DPPH and ABTS assay, with inhibitory concentration (IC50)=279.99 µg/mL and 631.78 µg/mL, respectively. The freeze-dried M. domestica had the highest anti-α-amylase activity (IC50=258.85 µg/mL), while Canarium sp. had the highest anti-lipase activity (IC50=118.66 µg/mL).CONCLUSION: Freeze-dried fruits demonstrate in vitro benefits toward obesity. A. bilimbi has potent antioxidant activity and is beneficial against obesity-related adverse health effect by relieving oxidative stress. M. domestica and Canarium sp. hamper the fat accumulation by reducing the carbohydrate absorption and dietary lipid.KEYWORDS: antioxidant, anti-obesity, Canarium sp., Averrhoa bilimbi L., Malus domestica, hydroxycitric acid

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