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INDONESIA
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Published by The Prodia Education and Research Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 621 Documents
 46   47   48   49   50 
Antibodies to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase-65 is Associated with Total Daily Dose of Insulin Requirement in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Faisal Faisal; Nur Rochmah; Muhammad Faizi; Novina Novina; Erni Nuraeni
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i4.2377

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) mostly occurs due to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells due to autoimmune processes. Diagnosis of T1D can be established by examining the c-peptide levels and the markers of pancreatic autoantibodies, including glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibodies (GAD-65). However, the association between c-peptide and anti-GAD-65 toward patients’ clinical manifestations needs to be further explored. Hence, the aim of current study was to identify the association of anti-GAD65 with c-peptide and clinical characteristics in children with T1D.METHODS: Case-control study involving 47 T1D children (T1D group) and 41 healthy children (control group) younger than 18 years old was conducted. Secondary data regarding subjects’ demographic characteristics and medical history were collected from subjects, and serum blood was drawn from each subject for the anti-GAD65 and c-peptide measurement. Anti-GAD65 and c-peptide levels were measured using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) methods.RESULTS: Anti-GAD65 antibody was detected in 78.7% T1D group, while only 2.43% were detected in control group subject (p=0.0000). The c-peptide level of T1D group was 0.07±0.19 nmol/L and control group was 1.5±0.77 nmol/L (p=0.0000). The total daily dose of insulin in subjects with positive anti-GAD65 was greater than in the negative anti-GAD65 (p=0.012). The sensitivity and specificity of the anti-GAD65 were 85.4% was 66.7%, respectively.CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that anti-GAD65 was associated with total daily dose of insulin requirement in children with T1D.KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, type 1 diabetes, anti-GAD65, c-peptide
The Synergistic Cytotoxic Effect of Pentagamavunon-1 (PGV-1) and Curcumin Correlates with the Cell Cycle Arrest to Induce Mitotic Catastrophe in 4T1 and T47D Breast Cancer Cells Desty Restia Rahmawati; Arief Nurrochmad; Riris Istighfari Jenie; Edy Meiyanto
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i5.2594

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The anti-cancer properties of pentagamavunon-1 (PGV-1) and curcumin have been documented. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of this combination on breast cancer cell growth using 4T1 and T47D cells, representing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-TNBC, respectively.METHODS: Cytotoxic assay was evaluated using MTT reagent for single and combination treatment of PGV-1 and curcumin in 4T1 and T47D cells. Cell cycle analysis was examined through flowcytometry with propidium iodide dye. May Grünwald-Giemsa staining was also performed to analyze the mitotic catastropheRESULTS: PGV-1 and curcumin alone had significant cytotoxic effects against two breast cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 4 μM and 40 μM for 4T1 and 2 μM and 20 μM for T47D, respectively. Both compounds showed high selectivity for the 4T1 and T47D cells (selectivity index >3). In addition, when PGV-1 and curcumin were combined, a synergistic effect was observed in both cell types with a combination index of <0.7. This combination results in cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, increased cell accumulation in the sub-G1 phase, and a synergistic increase in mitotic catastrophe.CONCLUSION: Combined intervention of PGV-1 and curcumin on TNBC and non-TNBC breast cancer cells substantially augments cell cycle arrest in the G2/M and sub-G1 phases, coupled with the occurrence of mitotic catastrophe. In summary, the results suggest that PGV-1 coupled with curcumin holds promise as an effective approach to addressing breast cancer and warrants further investigation.KEYWORDS: 4T1 cells, T47D cells, breast cancer, curcumin, mitotic catastrophe, PGV-1
Rosmarinus officinalis Essential Oil Increases Hair Length and Follicle Diameter of Ultraviolet B-exposed Mice Through VEGF Stefani Luziani; Agus Eka Darwinata; I Gusti Ayu Agung Praharsini; Vincent Ongko Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i4.2407

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet (UVB) radiation induces hair photoaging by triggering oxidative stress, causing alterations in hair diameter and length, which contribute to the development of senile alopecia. Development of alternative anti-photoaging agents to prevent hair loss from various materials, including natural products, is currently being explored. Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (ROEO) has been known to have antioxidant and vasodilation properties. However, the effect and mechanism of ROEO on UVB-exposed hair are still unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ROEO on the hair length and follicle diameter in UVB-exposed mice as well as the skin vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level.METHODS: Thirty male Swiss mice were treated topically with/without paraffin oil, 2% minoxidil, or various concentrations of ROEO, every day for 21 days. Meanwhile, UVB exposure was performed 3×/week. On day 21, the hair length was measured, the skin tissue was collected for hair follicle diameter and VEGF measurements.RESULTS: ROEO contained phenolic, including flavonoids and tannins, as well as non-phenolic antioxidants, including 1.8-cineole, α-pinene, and camphor. The IC50 value of ROEO was 15.977 ppm. Significant higher hair length, follicle diameter, and VEGF level of 10% ROEO+UVB-treated mice were observed, compared with the ones of mice exposed with UVB merely (LSD test, p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Since 10% ROEO could significantly increase hair length, follicle diameter and VEGF level, and contained antioxidant compounds, it can be suggested that ROEO might increase hair length, follicle diameter, and VEGF level through its antioxidant component.KEYWORDS: Rosmarinus officinalis, hair follicle diameter, hair length, VEGF, ultraviolet B, antioxidant
Andrographolide Reverses Doxorubicin Resistance in Human Breast Cancer Stem Cells by Regulating Apoptotic Gene Expressions Septelia Inawati Wanandi; Resda Akhra Syahrani; Ayu Suraduhita; Elvira Yunita; Melva Louisa
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i5.2596

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) have been identified as playing a crucial role in therapeutic resistance. This resistance can be attributed to the anti-apoptotic protein survivin and the antioxidant MnSOD high expression. To overcome the resistance to doxorubicin (DOX), this study proposed the utilization of andrographolide (ANDRO), the primary bioactive compound in Andrographis paniculata leaves. The objective was to examine the role of andrographolide in regulating survivin, caspase-9, and caspase-3 gene expressions to reverse doxorubicin resistance in human BCSCs.METHODS: BCSCs were exposed to 0.1 µM DOX every two days or 50 µM rotenone (ROT) for 6 hours, subsequently supplemented with 0.3 mM ANDRO. Superoxide and peroxide levels were measured using DHE and DCFH-DA assay. The MnSOD, survivin, caspase-9, and caspase-3 mRNA expression levels were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Protein expressions were evaluated using Western blotting assay. MnSOD activity was determined using xanthine oxidase inhibition assay. The apoptotic cells were determined using Annexin-V/PI staining.RESULTS: This study indicated that the cytotoxic mechanisms of DOX, similar to ROT, in BCSCs were attributed to oxidative stress, as evidenced by an elevation in superoxide rather than peroxide levels, accompanied by a decrease in MnSOD activity. This study also highlighted that ANDRO reversed DOX resistance in BCSCs subjected to repeated DOX treatment by downregulating survivin and upregulating caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA expressions, thereby activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.CONCLUSION: This study provides insights into the role of ANDRO in modulating the expression of apoptotic genes, such as survivin, caspase-9, and caspase-3, to overcome DOX resistance in BCSCs.KEYWORDS: breast cancer, breast cancer stem cell, andrographolide, doxorubicin, oxidative stress, apoptosis
Sleeve Gastrectomy Decrease Body Weight, Fasting Blood Glucose, and Gene Expression of TNF-α and IL-1 in The Abdominal Aorta of Rats with Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus Addy Saputro; Sigit Adi Prasetyo; Mochamad Ali Sobirin; Abdul Mughni; Yan Wisnu Prajoko
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i4.2240

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is one option to significantly reduce body weight while also protect the cardiovascular system by controlling hyperglycemia and inflammatory markers. Secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1 could induce obesity- and diabetes mellitus (DM)-related inflammation, however its association with SG procedure has not been elucidated well. Therefore, TNF-α and IL-1 gene expression on the abdominal aorta of obese and DM rats that went through SG procedure were evaluated.METHODS: Fifteen rats were divided into 3 groups: lean-non-DM rats model (C1 group), obese-DM rats model (C2 group), and obese-DM rats model underwent SG (T group). Before and 10 days after the SG procedure, rats’ body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured. Ten days after the procedure, TNF-α and IL-1 gene expression were also evaluated by PCR.RESULTS: In the end of study, mean body weight and FBG levels in C1 group (231.80±4.32 gram; 68.60±2.07 mg/dL) and T group (232.00±5.33 gram; 114.40±3.20 mg/dL) were significantly lower than in C2 group (264.60± 3.28 gram; 271.00±6.89 mg/dL). TNF-α and IL-1 gene expressions were also found to be significantly lower in the C1 group (1.01±0.01 rfu; 1.01±0.01 rfu) and T group (1.97±0.57 rfu; 1.21±0.78 rfu) compared to the C2 group (224.12±47.59 rfu; 1.85±0.73 rfu).CONCLUSION: SG could decrease body weight and FBG, as well as TNF-α and IL-1 gene expression in the abdominal aorta of rats with obesity and DM, hence SG could be a useful method in reducing body weight and controlling hyperglycemia and inflammatory markers.KEYWORDS: sleeve gastrectomy, TNF-α, interleukin-1, obesity, diabetes mellitus
Elevated Levels of Urinary Podocyte-Derived Microparticles in Nephrotic Syndrome Eka Laksmi Hidayati; Bambang Supriyatno; Sudung Oloan Pardede; Partini Pudjiastuti Trihono; Dewi Sukmawati; Dewi Wulandari; Oke Rina Ramayani
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i5.2553

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is the most common glomerular disease in childhood. The proposed hypothesis for the pathogenesis of this disease has changed over time, from immune dysregulation theory and systemic circulating factors theory, to the growing recognition of podocytopathies’ role. The existance of podocytopathies is usually examined by using podocyte-derived microparticles (MPs), such as nephrin, podocin, and podocalyxin (PCX). Therefore in this study, the difference between nephrin, podocin, and PCX expressions in NS children and healthy children was investigated.METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 33 children with NS and 22 age-matched healthy children as controls. Urine samples were collected from each subject in the early morning, before being processed and incubated with antibodies to detect nephrin, podocin, and PCX. The processed samples were then analyzed with flow cytometer methods.RESULTS: NS subjects had significantly higher expression of all three urinary podocyte-derived MPs compared to the control subjetcs. Nephrin, podocin, and PCX showed good discrimination in NS subjects with the area under curve (AUC) of 0.895, 0.849, and 0.728, respectively.CONCLUSION: This study revealed the differential expression of podocyte proteins in NS subjects compared to healthy controls. This supports the role of podocytopathies in the pathogenesis of NS. Therefore, nephrin, podocin, and PCX might have potentials to be future non-invasive diagnostic tools in glomerular disease.KEYWORDS: nephrin, nephrotic syndrome, podocalyxin, podocin, podocyte, urinary microparticle
A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial of Hydroxychloroquine for Cognitive Dysfunction and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients in Indonesia Bantar Suntoko; Suharyo Hadisaputro; Handono Kalim; Suyanto Hadi; Ika Vemilia Warlisti
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i4.2504

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune condition characterized by persistent, chronic inflammation that damages organ tissue. One of the symptoms that is often found in SLE is cognitive dysfunction. Hydroxychloroquine is recommended for the treatment of all levels of SLE. This study was conducted to prove the influence of hydroxychloroquine on improving cognitive function and inflammatory biomarkers compared to standard therapy.METHODS: The study adopted randomized controlled trial (RCT) in SLE patients with cognitive dysfunction who met the inclusion criteria. The treatment group consisted of 26 subjects who received hydroxychloroquine 200 mg/day for 8 weeks and standard therapy, while the control group consisted of 29 subjects who were given standard therapy only. Examination of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)-INA, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-4, interferon (IFN)-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP) scores was carried out at the beginning and the end of the study. The unpaired variables were examined with independent T-test or the Mann-Whitney test, while the paired variables were examined with paired T-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test. The Spearman correlation test was used to measure correlation between variables.RESULTS: A total of 55 subjects participated and completed the study. The result showed a significant relationship between hydroxychloroquine and decreasing levels of IL-6 and IL-4 (p<0.05). Meanwhile, there was no significant effect on the increase in cognitive function and decrease in IFN-α and CRP (p>0.05) in both groups.CONCLUSION: Hydroxychloroquine decreases the levels of IL-6 and IL-4, but has no effect on cognitive function, levels of IFN-α and CRP.KEYWORDS: hydroxychloroquine, systemic lupus erythematosus, cognitive dysfunction, inflammation
High Leptin and Low Adiponectin Levels in The Metabolic Syndrome Patients with Malignancy Ria Ambarwati; Damai Santosa; Eko Adhi Pangarsa; Budi Setiawan; Mika Lumban Tobing; Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro; Dharminto Dharminto; Tjokorda Gde Dalem Pemayun; Catharina Suharti
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i5.2567

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterized by insulin resistance, adipocyte accumulation, and obesity, has been linked to malignancy development. Both leptin, an adipose tissue-produced cytokine-like hormone, and adiponectin, a hormone secreted by adipose tissue, play roles in the progression of MetS. However, the presence of leptin and adiponectin is also assumed to be associated with cancer proliferation. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the profile of leptin and adiponectin levels in MetS patients with malignancy and non-malignancy.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 80 MetS subjects with and without malignancy. Leptin and adiponectin levels of subjects were analyzed by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare leptin and adiponectin levels between groups.RESULTS: Leptin levels were significantly higher in MetS patients with malignancy (32.99±22.47 ng/mL) than those without malignancy (6.17±7.46 ng/mL). Conversely, adiponectin levels were lower in the malignancy group (10.11±7.66 µg/mL) compared to the non-malignancy group (13.44±8.29 µg/mL), with both differences being statistically significant (p<0.001 for leptin, p=0.023 for adiponectin).CONCLUSION: Leptin levels were found to be higher while adiponectin levels were found to be lower in MetS patients with malignancy compared to those without malignancy. Therefore, it is suggested that leptin and adiponectin levels might be used as malignancy markers in MetS patients.KEYWORDS: adiponectin, leptin, metabolic syndrome, malignancy
Ocimum sanctum Leaves Prevent Neuronal Cell Apoptosis Through Reduction of Caspase-3 and -9 Expressions and Inhibition of β-amyloid Oligomerization Dinda Aliffia; Dinda Ayu Ramadhani; Widya Wasityastuti; Dewi Ratih Tirto Sari; Ulayatul Kustiati; Hevi Wihadmadyatami; Dwi Liliek Kusindarta
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i4.2415

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the loss of neuronal function in the nervous system. In recent years, more than 45 million people worldwide have suffered from progressive loss of memory and cognitive functions caused by Alzheimer’s disease. Ocimum sanctum is one of the medicinal plants known to have neuroprotective abilities. This study was conducted to elucidate the anti-apoptotic effects of ethanolic extract of O. sanctum (EEOS) on PC12 and SH-SY5Y cells as well as interaction between main compounds of EEOS and β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide through in silico molecular docking.METHODS: The viability of TMT-induced PC12 and SH-SY5Y cells was assessed with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and acridine orange/propidium iodide staining. Cell proliferation rate was measured with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Nuclear fragmentation was observed with Hoechst 33342 staining. Caspase -3 and -9 expressions were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Interactions between main compounds of EEOS and Aβ were visualized with in silico molecular docking.RESULTS: EEOS had the potential effect of maintaining cell viability, preventing the cell’s morphological changes, and inhibiting apoptosis via the caspase pathway in PC12 and SH-SY5Y cells. Meanwhile, flavonoid K, phenol, eugenol could interact with the active site of Aβ through hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions.CONCLUSION: EEOS could prevent neuronal cell apoptosis via downregulation of caspase-3 and -9. Main compounds of EEOS could interact with the active site of Aβ, and thereby might inhibit Aβ oligomerization. Thus, EEOS and its main compounds could be potential as neuroprotective agents for preventing neurodegenerative diseases.KEYWORDS: Ocimum sanctum, anti-apoptotic, β-amyloid, caspase, neurodegeneration
Increased Levels of IFN-γ, PAI-1, and NT-proBNP are Associated with the Occurrence of Hypoxemia in COVID-19 Fathur Nur Kholis; Nur Farhanah; Charles Limantoro; Nyoman Suci Widyastiti; Mochamad Ali Sobirin
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i5.2457

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the severe complications of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that can lead to the occurrence of hypoxemia. Hypoxemia occurs due to the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and coagulation factors. Several studies have shown that interferon (IFN)-γ, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are biological markers that can be used to evaluate the severity and prognosis of the disease in severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study was conducted to evaluate the association between IFN-γ, PAI-1, NT-proBNP and hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of COVID-19 subjects with hypoxemia. Hypoxemia assessment was performed based on arterial blood gas analysis. IFN-γ and PAI-1 were measured with ELISA, while NT-proBNP levels were measured with Roche NT-proBNP.RESULTS: Fifty-five COVID-19 subjects with hypoxemia were observed. Thirty subjects experiencing moderate to severe hypoxemia and 25 with mild hypoxemia. Levels of IFN-γ, PAI-1, and NT-proBNP were higher in COVID-19 subjects with moderate to severe hypoxemia compared to those with mild hypoxemia (261.14 (121-348.60) pg/mL vs. 145.50 (59.90-348.60) pg/mL, p<0.001; 5.47 (3.50-8.50) pg/mL vs. 3.40 (2.20-9.30) pg/mL, p<0.001; 760 (112-34,066) pg/mL vs. 71 (48-364) pg/mL, p<0.001).CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of IFN-γ, PAI-1, and NT-proBNP are associated with hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients, suggesting that these markers may be useful in assessing hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients.KEYWORDS: IFN-γ, PAI-1, NT-proBNP, hypoxemia, COVID-19

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