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Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology
Published by Universitas Negeri Malang
ISSN : 25800817     EISSN : 25802402     DOI : 10.17977
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) is a peer reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles and review articles in all areas of Mechanical Engineering and Basic Sciences
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Mesin
Articles 22 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 8, No 2 (2024)" : 22 Documents clear
Tactical Activities to Improve the Effectiveness of Concrete Batching Plant Based on Overall Equipment Effectiveness Analysis Ekawati, Yurida; Sutrisno, Iddo Christian; Oktiarso, Teguh
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v8i22024p488

Abstract

The growth of infrastructure projects has led to an increased demand for ready-mix concrete. A company that produces ready-mix concrete using a batching plant encountered difficulties in fulfilling customer orders due to the high rate of machine downtime. Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) was employed to examine these issues at the tactical activities, where the root causes of losses that occur in the OEE components of availability, performance, and quality were addressed. The OEE analysis was extended to encompass maintenance effectiveness measures, as the anticipated solution to the problem was not the replacement of the machine, but rather an enhancement of its operational efficacy. The effectiveness of maintenance activities was measured using MTTF (mean time to failure), MTTR (mean time to repair), and MTBF (mean time between failure). A review of the OEE components revealed a necessity to reduce losses, as evidenced by the availability and performance rates. Although the performance rate has the lowest value, based on the frequent occurrence of failures to the availability component, the improvement process was carried out to overcome problems in the availability variable. The implementation of scheduled maintenance at the beginning of each month and the implementation of daily checks before and after the machine was used resulted in an increase in the OEE value from 56.62% to 71.15%. The incorporation of maintenance analysis into OEE has been shown to result in increased OEE values, as evidenced by a longer mean time between failures, a reduced time for process adjustments, and a decreased asset repair time.
The Potential of Ramie Fiber as Reinforcement in Calcium Carbonate-Filled Polyester Resin Matrix Composites for Roofing Applications Reinaldo, Reinaldo; Setyanto, Djoko
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v8i22024p363

Abstract

Polymer matrix composite roofing materials available in the Indonesian market typically consist of 30%wt chopped strand mat glass fiber embedded in unsaturated polyester resin, filled with 30 parts per hundred resin (PHR) calcium carbonate. The aim of this research is to evaluate whether natural ramie fibers can potentially replace glass fibers. In the first stage of the study, we compared three types of natural fibers abundant in Indonesia: banana stem fibers, sugarcane bagasse, and ramie. Showed that ramie fiber performed the best. Its flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact toughness were the highest, measured at 191.57 MPa, 6691 MPa, and 0.056 J/mm², respectively. In the second stage, we produced composite material specimens with the same composition as commercial roofing materials but replaced the glass fibers with ramie fibers. Compared to the material without ramie fibers, the composite reinforced with ramie fibers shows an increase in tensile strength to 47.53 MPa from 34.62 MPa, an increase in maximum water absorption over 14 days to 3.746% from 1.145%, and an improvement in the sound transmission class to 26 dB from 23 dB. Additionally, the ramie fibers did not significantly affect the density of the composite material. However, the inclusion of ramie fibers resulted in a reduction of the elastic modulus to 1324 MPa from 1630 MPa, and a higher mass loss in the TGA examination, at 86.95% compared to 74.65%. Ramie fiber composites achieve the minimum roofing requirement of 40 MPa tensile strength, thus having the potential to replace glass fibers.
Impact of Natural Polymer Proportions on the Fire-Retardant Properties of Bioplastics Santhiarsa, I Gusti Ngurah Nitya; Dwidiani, Ni Made; Tenaya, I Gusti Ngurah Putu; Negara, I Gede Artha
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v8i22024p434

Abstract

This research investigates the influence of varying proportions of natural polymers on the fire-retardant properties of bioplastic. Tapioca starch (Manihot esculenta) and corn starch (Zea mays) were selected as the bioplastic materials, with different weight fractions employed in the analysis. These materials, as naturally occurring polymers, are biodegradable and serve as promising components in the development of bioplastics. Fire resistance testing was conducted in accordance with ASTM D635-03, utilizing weight ratios of tapioca to corn starch at 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50. The results included photographic documentation of each specimen alongside the corresponding outcomes from the fire resistance tests. These images provide insight into the physical condition of the specimens prior to testing, emphasizing any notable morphological features that may affect their fire resistance properties. The optimal burning rate was observed in the bioplastic with a 50:50 weight fraction ratio of tapioca starch to corn starch, which exhibited a combustion rate of 8.420 mm/s. Additionally, the bioplastic with the highest weight loss rate, recorded at 0.0346 g/s, was also composed of a 50:50 weight fraction of the two starches. The observed increase was 2.36% relative to the 60:40 weight fraction and 13% relative to the 70:30 weight fraction. This increased weight loss rate can be attributed to the higher corn starch content, which is characterized by inherent flammability due to its structural composition.
Structural Simulation of Wheelchair Ramp using Finite Element Method Lenggana, Bhre Wangsa; Nugroho, Agung; Ubaidillah, Ubaidillah
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v8i12024p306

Abstract

Wheelchairs are essential mobility aids for people with disabilities, but they are often limited to flat surfaces and cannot overcome height differences. Portable ramps are an effective solution to overcome this limitation. This research aims to simulate and analyze the structure of a portable ramp for wheelchairs. Simulations were conducted using finite element method analysis software to assess the portable ramp's von Mises stress, deformation, and safety factor in various loading positions. Finite element method (FEM) analysis software was utilized to evaluate key mechanical properties, including von Mises stress, deformation, and safety factor, under different loading conditions and positions. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed portable ramp design can safely endure various load placements without exceeding the material's stress limits. The von Mises stress, deformation, and safety factors remained within acceptable ranges, validating the ramp's structural integrity and safety. Based on the initial findings, design modifications were implemented to further enhance the ramp's strength, durability, and user safety. This research not only confirms the effectiveness of the proposed ramp but also suggests improvements to optimize its performance. The final portable ramp design offers a reliable, cost-effective, and market-competitive solution that can significantly improve the mobility and independence of wheelchair users, enabling them to navigate a broader range of environments and overcome everyday obstacles with greater ease and confidence.
Characteristics of Liquid Products from Spirulina platensis Pyrolysis under Microwave Irradiation with Activated Carbon Additive Romaz, Mohammad Mirza Yuniar; Sukarni, Sukarni; Wulandari, Retno
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v8i22024p503

Abstract

Global energy consumption has surged due to the population's rapid growth, leading to a switch to using renewable and clean energy. Among various strategies for developing renewable and clean energy, biomass pyrolysis emerged as attractive, and microwave irradiation pyrolysis is a prominent technique. This research aims to determine the ideal parameters for microwave-assisted pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis (SP) microalgae in order to produce high-value liquid products with the addition of activated carbon (AC) additives. Liquid bio-oil products were characterized concerning their calorific value, chemical bonds, and thermal stability. This research also investigates product distribution as a function of AC loading. Using 900W output power of microwave and 550 °C pyrolysis temperature, the pyrolysis process was shortened by 36.5% at 15% of AC loading. At 20% AC loading, the pyrolysis duration was shortened by 33%. This study demonstrated that the highest liquid and minimum solid residue were obtained at 20% AC loading. The heating value of liquid bio-oil with no AC additives was 35.419 MJ/kg, while at a 10% AC additive was 37.464 MJ/kg. The highest heating value was found at a 15% AC additive, which was 39.345 MJ/kg; meanwhile, at a 20% AC additive, it was 36.097 MJ/kg. These findings conclusively showed that the liquid bio-oil's quality was significantly improved by the addition of activated carbon (AC), establishing it as an attractive option for the microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) process that produces advanced renewable fuels.
Captivating Combustion Traits of Bio-Oil Droplets Enriched with Bio-Additives from the Areca Shell Waste Raehan, Muhammad Alif; Riupassa, Helen; Nanlohy, Hendry Yoshua
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v8i22024p384

Abstract

Fuel derived from crude vegetable oil, such as coconut oil, holds promise as an alternative energy source to mitigate the increasing reliance on fossil fuels driven by population growth and industrial activities. The experiment involved suspending a single droplet of crude coconut oil mixed with activated carbon from areca shell waste and placed at the junction on R-type thermocouple (Pt/Pt-Rh13%). The droplets were ignited using a hot wire and subjected to atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Coconut oil comprises a saturated triglyceride carbon chain compound of approximately 91%, and areca shell waste possesses a porous structure that fosters favorable interactions between fuel molecules. The droplet combustion method was selected to streamline the process and enhance the contact area between air and fuel, thereby boosting the reactivity of fuel molecules. The research found that adding activated carbon shortens the carbon chain, making it more reactive and easier for the fuel to ignite. Specifically, activated carbon significantly enhances fuel performance at a concentration of two parts per million (ppm). At this level, the fuel absorbs heat more effectively and ignites faster compared to one ppm and three ppm levels. Moreover, the results show that heat absorption occurs slowly at one ppm, while at three ppm, the increased molecular mass of the fuel can strengthen carbon-bonding forces. These factors contribute to a longer ignition time for the fuel. The findings suggest that the activated carbon from areca shell waste can play a good role as a combustion catalyst, where overall, fuel performance increases.
Analysis of Titanium Mesh Ti6Al4V Formation Using Die Press Forming Machine for Cranioplasty Rizal, Ahmad Ayyub Syaiful; Darsin, Mahros; Wibowo, Robertoes Koekoeh K.; Anam, Khairul
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v8i22024p445

Abstract

Cranioplasty is required for patients with head defects, where the deformed part of the head is replaced with Ti6Al4V titanium wire implants. The titanium wire forming process is usually done manually, which can take a long time and give results that do not match the anatomical shape of the head. Therefore, it is important to develop domestic technology that can produce titanium wire automatically. This study aims to analyze the frame and mold of the automatic wire mesh molding machine before production. The tool is made using press forming method and finite element analysis with ANSYS software. The machine frame is made of 304 stainless steel material, while the mold uses ABS material. The analysis was performed with a constant load force of 100 N, corresponding to the maximum reading on the load cell. The simulation results show the deformation, strain, and von Mises stress of the machine frame and punch model, which are still far below the plastic deformation and UTS values of the material. However, the analysis results on the Ti6Al4V titanium die and mesh exceeded the UTS of the material in the cutting edge area of the die. Nevertheless, the die model can still be used because the maximum stress point is located at the edge of the die design area, where the titanium mesh will be cut when applied to the patient's skull implant. The results of this study are expected to help medical personnel in skull implant surgery and analysis of press machine manufacturing.
Analysis of Biomass Briquette Mixed Bagasse and Sugarcane Peel on the Performance of Forced Top-Lit Updraft Gasifier Stove Hardiatama, Intan; Enruico, Aron; Hermawan, Yuni; Trifiananto, Muhammad; Syuhri, Skriptyan N. H.
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v8i22024p322

Abstract

The population growth in Indonesia from 270 million in 2020 to 279 million in 2024 has increased LPG consumption, potentially leading to future fuel shortages. The top-lit updraft (TLUD) gasifier stove using renewable biomass materials, offers a sustainable alternative. Biomass such as bagasse and sugarcane peel can be optimized into charcoal briquettes with high calorific value and low emissions. The calorific value of briquettes can be further enhanced by blending other high–calorific biomass materials. This experimental research focuses on testing the calorific value of raw bagasse and sugarcane peel before carbonization, as well as briquette mixtures (70:30, 50:50, 30:70) using a bomb calorimeter. The fuel briquettes are tested by operating the TLUD gasifier stove, measuring performance in terms of water boiling time (WBT) and flame characteristics. Results show that the 30:70 bagasse-to-sugarcane peel composition has the highest calorific value (6,242.292 cal/gram), followed by the 70:30 composition (6,094.753 cal/gram) and the 50:50 composition (5,657.935 cal/gram). The 30:70 ratio also achieved the longest flame duration (119 minutes 32 seconds), the highest combustion chamber temperature (570.2°C), and the greatest flame height (11.468 cm). The TLUD stove demonstrated an efficiency of 56.41%, with a char weight of 61 grams and a water temperature increase from 28.4°C to 90.4°C in 10 minutes 45 seconds. These briquettes met the SNI 01-6235-2000 standard, which requires a minimum calorific value of 5000 cal/g.
Friction Modeling of Composite Brake Pads with Ulin Wood Powder (Eusideroxylon zwageri) Putra, Muhammad Rezki Fitri; Isworo, Hajar; Yasin, Muhamad Noor; Subagyo, Rachmat
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v8i22024p520

Abstract

This study investigates the performance of composite brake pads made of Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) sawdust using simulation modeling, focusing on the pressure distribution, frictional stress, and contact state in five brake pad designs (DS0 to DS4). The brake pad designs used U-shaped grooves to improve cooling efficiency and debris removal. The results show that DS1 and DS2 exhibit the most uniform pressure distribution, with maximum values of 0.045 MPa and 0.048 MPa, respectively. DS1 recorded the highest peak frictional stress at 2.53 × 10-8 MPa, while DS2 showed consistent stress stability, reducing the possibility of uneven wear. DS3 achieved a balanced performance, with a maximum pressure of 0.062 MPa and a stable frictional stress distribution. In contrast, DS4 showed the highest stress (0.072 MPa) and increased “sliding” contact area, indicating reduced braking efficiency and potential for faster wear. Contact condition analysis showed predominantly “sticky” conditions on DS1, DS2, and DS3, which contributed to effective braking performance, while DS4 exhibited significant “sliding” conditions, which reduced friction efficiency. These findings confirm the potential of Ulin sawdust as an environmentally friendly brake lining material, with DS1 and DS2 emerging as the most suitable designs to achieve optimal braking performance and long life.
Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Derived from Scallop Shell Waste Synthesized by Sonochemical Method with Different Temperature Calcination Pramono, Diki Dwi; Puspitasari, Poppy; Aminnudin, Aminnudin; Razak, Jeefferie Abd
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v8i22024p400

Abstract

One common bio-ceramic material used in the biomedical industry is hydroxyapatite. Because of its crystallographic and molecular resemblance to the hard tissues of the human body, hydroxyapatite is thought to form. Scallop shells are one natural source of hydroxyapatite, which is high in calcium. This study examines how the calcination temperature affects the characteristics of hydroxyapatite made from leftover scallop shell. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized via the sonochemical method, with calcination conducted at temperatures of 900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C. The hydroxyapatite that was prepared was assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the phase and crystallite size, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to conduct a morphological investigation, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to conduct a functional group analysis. Phases resulting from varying calcination temperatures include hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate. The crystallite size of hydroxyapatite enhanced with rising temperature. The morphology of hydroxyapatite exhibited agglomeration in all samples, with grain size escalating alongside the increase in calcination temperature. The functional groups generated under the three temperature fluctuations include O-H, P-O, PO43-, and O–P–O groups. The calcination temperature significantly influences the characteristics of produced hydroxyapatite and impacts its biocompatibility as a bone implant material.

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