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The algorithm's gaze: Gender, age, and the structuring of TikTok content consumption patterns in urban Indonesia (A case study in Surabaya) Suharnanik, Suharnanik; Emanuel, Endrayana Putut Laksminto; Ashfaq, Asia
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHILD AND GENDER STUDIES Vol 11 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/equality.v11i2.31980

Abstract

TikTok was one of the fastest-growing social media platforms in Indonesia, particularly among Gen Z and millennials. This article aimed to analyze the role of the TikTok algorithm in shaping content consumption patterns based on gender and age. The study employed a qualitative approach using two main techniques. First, content analysis was conducted on 200 popular videos appearing on the For You Page to identify thematic tendencies. Second, in-depth interviews were carried out with 30 active users in Surabaya (15 women and 15 men), selected purposively based on the intensity of their usage and the diversity of their backgrounds. These findings were complemented with data from two audiences’ insight platforms revealing fluctuating gender distribution among TikTok users in Indonesia. At certain periods, women dominated the user base, while at other times, men accounted for a higher percentage. This dynamic indicated that the TikTok algorithm was responsive not only to individual preferences but also to demographic shifts. The results showed that women were more likely to consume lifestyle, beauty, and aesthetic-related content, whereas men more frequently engaged with humor, sports, and technology. The novelty of this study lay in the finding that Gen Z demonstrated flexibility in crossing gender stereotypes; for instance, women actively engaged with technology content, while men were interested in beauty-related content. Thus, the TikTok algorithm functioned both to reinforce gender- and age-based preferences and to provide space for identity negotiation within the digital cultural sphere. This study contributed to gender, technology, and social media studies in Indonesia.
Analysis of Domestic Violence Using an Ecofeminist Perspective Putri, Rizca Yunike; Soleh, Mochamad Fajar; Suharnanik, Suharnanik
Proceedings of Sunan Ampel International Conference of Political and Social Sciences Vol. 1 (2023): Proceedings of the SAICoPSS
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/saicopss.2023.1..1-13

Abstract

The problem of domestic violence (KDRT) is not something new to Indonesia. Domestic violence cases that occur in Indonesia generally always involve women as victims of violence. This occurs due to the unequal power relations between men and women in the household. This research uses a qualitative approach through the literature study method, attempting to analyze the phenomenon of domestic violence using an eco-femenism perspective. In an ecofeminist perspective, women and nature have a correlational relationship. Women and nature both experience oppression carried out by a patriarchal society. Ecofeminism is a theory that connects environmental issues and gender issues. In the context of domestic violence, ecofeminism can be used to analyze and understand the impact of such violence on the natural environment, as well as how environmental issues can interact with gender issues in this context. Ecofeminism can provide an in-depth look at how domestic violence and environmental issues are interrelated and can help in designing more holistic solutions to both issues. Based on research results, cases of domestic violence can be minimized if couples apply ecofeminist principles in their married life. The principles of ecofeminism include: responsibility towards nature, cosmic solidarity, harmony with nature, equal relations and caring.
Empowering Women Through Social Entrepreneurship Cooperatives for Women Suharnanik, Suharnanik; Putri, Rizca Yunike
Proceedings of Sunan Ampel International Conference of Political and Social Sciences Vol. 1 (2023): Proceedings of the SAICoPSS
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/saicopss.2023.1..89-94

Abstract

Women's cooperatives are one way to strengthen a person's capacity and possibilities for economic empowerment and involvement in more inclusive financial development. as a venue for enhancing the position of women both nationally and in the family economy. The purpose of this study is to get insight into the role that women's cooperatives play in social entrepreneurship initiatives for women. This paper examines the socio-cultural behavior of women engaged in the social entrepreneur field where they become part of the membership of a women's cooperative. The findings from the research study in this paper are that women have a culture that is more consistent, honest, and transparent in managing their social entrepreneurship, but is weak in terms of sustainability. Practical implications, this paper can provide input for policymakers regarding the development of women's potential in the field of social entrepreneurship. This research is still very rare because not all women are capable of engaging in social entrepreneurship. The value obtained in this research is the empowerment of women in the field of social entrepreneurship. This program prioritizes women's ability to identify problems as a source of socio-economic empowerment.
Why Women Still Experience Unequal Digital Access and Opportunities: Comparing How Social Norms, Economic Barriers, Technology Skills, and Online Safety Challenges Shape the Gender Digital Divide in Indonesia and Zimbabwe Suharnanik, Suharnanik; Suud, Mohammad; Harianto Cipta Utama, Yudi; Kushata, Cindy; Blessing Chainaimoyo Change
International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science Vol. 5 No. 01 (2026): International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science( IJVESS)
Publisher : Cita konsultindo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63922/ijevss.v5i01.2672

Abstract

The gender digital divide remains a multidimensional challenge across the Global South, particularly for women in Indonesia and Zimbabwe. Using a mixed-methods design that integrates quantitative survey data with qualitative interviews, this study examines how social norms, economic barriers, technological skills, and online safety risks shape women’s unequal digital access and participation in both national contexts. The findings reveal significant structural disparities: Zimbabwe records lower internet penetration (59.1%) and a wider gender gap (15%), with only 45% of women possessing basic digital skills, while 78.9% cite the high cost of data and 55.3% report poor connectivity as major barriers. In contrast, Indonesia demonstrates higher internet penetration (73.7–79.5%) and a smaller gender gap (1–3%), yet women remain disadvantaged in advanced digital competencies, productive digital engagement, and online safety, with 45% reporting experiences of gender-based online violence. Drawing on Cyberfeminist theory, the study illustrates the ambivalent nature of digital technologies, which simultaneously offer new avenues for empowerment while reproducing patriarchal control, objectification, and gendered surveillance. An intersectional analysis further reveals that women who are poor, less educated, or residing in rural areas face compounded forms of digital exclusion due to the overlapping effects of gender, socioeconomic status, and geographic marginalization. The study concludes that expanding internet access alone is insufficient to bridge the gender digital divide; targeted interventions must include gender-responsive digital literacy initiatives, robust online safety protections, supportive policy frameworks, and community-based empowerment ecosystems. By comparing Indonesia and Zimbabwe, the study highlights that despite contextual differences, both countries share underlying structural patterns of inequality, underscoring the need for cross-country learning and coordinated strategies to promote safer and more inclusive digital futures for women.